Decision making in adults with ADHD
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study examined decision-making competence in ADHD by using multiple decision tasks with varying demands on analytic versus affective processes. METHODS: Adults with ADHD and healthy controls completed two tasks of analytic decision making, as measured by the Adult Decision-Making Competence (A-DMC) battery, and two affective decision tasks (the Balloon Analog Risk Task and the lowa Gambling Task). RESULTS: Although a majority of the ADHD participants were tested under medication, they showed impairments in both types of task. However, logistic regression analysis showed that the applying-decision-rules task of the A-DMC battery was the only significant predictor of ADHD status. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggested that ADHD is associated with impaired decision making in tasks involving a significant degree of cognitive control. Although both deliberative and affective neurocognitive systems probably contributed to ADHD-related problems in decision making, the findings underlined the involvement of prefrontally mediated executive functions.
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Two studies investigated the performance of adults with ADHD on the BART and neither revealed significant differences in risky performance between adults with ADHD and NCs.
“Two studies investigated the performance of adults with ADHD on the BART and neither study revealed significant differences in risky performance between adults with ADHD and NCs [64], [65].”
From Risky behavior in gambling tasks in individuals with ADHD–a systematic literature review (2013) · cites this paper as [64]
In Mäntylä et al., adults with ADHD pumped the balloons more up than NCs during the first of 10 trials, but there were no group differences in the remaining 50 trials, resulting in no overall group difference on the BART.
“Specifically, while in the study of Mäntyla et al. [64] the adults with ADHD pumped the balloons more up than NCs during the first of 10 trials, there were no group differences in the remaining 50 trials, resulting in no overall group difference on this task.”
From Risky behavior in gambling tasks in individuals with ADHD–a systematic literature review (2013) · cites this paper as [64]
Mäntylä et al. found that adults with ADHD earned less money on a standard IGT than NCs (Cohen's d = 0.56), but this group effect appears to have been mediated by the educational level of the participants.
“The study of Mäntylä et al. [64] initially appears different from those described above in that they found that adults with ADHD earned less money on a standard IGT than NCs (Cohen’s d = 0.56). This group effect, however, appears to have been mediated by the educational level of the participants.”
From Risky behavior in gambling tasks in individuals with ADHD–a systematic literature review (2013) · cites this paper as [64]
Two other studies reported no greater levels of risky performance in adults with ADHD on the standard IGT compared to NCs, and one other study only revealed aberrant performance on the standard IGT in a subgroup of adults with ADHD with both hard drug dependence and working memory problems.
“Much like Agay et al. [59], two other studies have also reported no greater levels of risky performance in adults with ADHD on the standard IGT when compared to NCs [61], [64], and one other study only revealed aberrant performance on the standard IGT in a subgroup of adults with ADHD with both hard drug dependence and working memory problems [60].”
From Risky behavior in gambling tasks in individuals with ADHD–a systematic literature review (2013) · cites this paper as [64]
Null findings were reported in 1/15 (7%) of studies with null findings in which participants were on MPH treatment during assessment.
“and MPH treatment during assessment: 1/15 = 7% of studies with null findings [64]”
From Risky behavior in gambling tasks in individuals with ADHD–a systematic literature review (2013) · cites this paper as [64]
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- Authors
- Mäntylä, T., Still, J., Gullberg, S., & Del Missier, F.
- Affiliations
- Umeå University (SE)
- University of Trieste
- ORCID
- Mäntylä, Timo
- Venue
- Journal of Attention Disorders
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-04-21
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 164-173
- ISSN
- 1087-0547 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1246
- OpenAlex
- W2109931295
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Attention Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ArTS Archivio della ricerca di Trieste (University of Trieste https://www.units.it/) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, decision-making, analytic decision making, emotional decision-making, cognitive control, executive function, prefrontal cortex, Balloon Analogue Risk Task, Iowa Gambling Task, ADHD medication
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Decision Making, Female, Gambling, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Executive Function
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