Differentiating Co-Occurring Behavior Problems in Children With ADHD: Patterns of Emotional Reactivity and Executive Functioning
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether "top-down" and "bottom-up" control processes can differentiate children with ADHD who exhibit co-occurring aggression and/or internalizing symptoms. METHOD: Participants included 74 children (M age = 10.7 years) with a Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) diagnosis of ADHD. The authors' top-down measure was executive functioning (EF) indexed via two neuropsychological tasks whereas their bottom-up measure was emotional reactivity. Parents also reported on children's aggression and internalizing symptoms. RESULTS: Emotional reactivity was associated with co-occurring aggressive symptoms, regardless of the presence of internalizing symptoms or ADHD symptom severity, whereas EF deficits were less likely to occur in children with ADHD and co-occurring internalizing symptoms. CONCLUSION: The authors' findings highlight the importance of integrating top-down and bottom-up regulatory measures when studying the multipathway conception of ADHD and its co-occurring problems.
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Evidence has emerged that ADHD patients have emotional dysfunctions, most prominently problems with emotion regulation, which has been argued to be related to poor top-down executive control over enhanced bottom-up emotional reactivity, resulting in enhanced disinhibitory and aggressive behaviors.
“More recently, evidence has emerged that ADHD patients have also emotional dysfunctions, most prominently problems with emotion regulation, which has been argued to be related to poor top-down executive control over enhanced bottom-up emotional reactivity, resulting in enhanced disinhibitory and aggressive behaviors (Barkley and Fischer, 2010; Graziano et al., 2013; Shaw et al., 2014).”
From Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation (2018) · cites this paper as Graziano et al., 2013
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“…most prominently problems with emotion regulation, which has been argued to be related to poor top-down executive control over enhanced bottom-up emotional reactivity, resulting in enhanced disinhibitory and aggressive behaviors (Barkley and Fischer, 2010; Graziano et al., 2013; Shaw et al., 2014).”
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- Authors
- Graziano, P. A., McNamara, J. P., Geffken, G. R., & Reid, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Florida International University (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Attention Disorders
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-12-29
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 249-260
- ISSN
- 1087-0547 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1246
- OpenAlex
- W2038611926
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Attention Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, aggression, internalizing problems, executive function, emotional reactivity, top-down control, bottom-up control, children, parent-reported behavior
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Aggression, Arousal, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychometrics, Temperament, Comorbidity, Executive Function, Emotional Intelligence
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