Data colonialism: rethinking big data’s relation to the contemporary subject

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Data doubles are the building blocks for new social objects: data-rich constructs arranged in complex categories which corporations can target and influence.

“Management theorists Alaimo and Kallinikos (2017) note, in an analysis of retail fashion platforms, that data doubles are the building blocks for new 'social objects': data-rich constructs arranged in complex categories which corporations can target and influence.”

• cites Alaimo and Kallinikos (2017) sourceSupported

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Data about one individual's actions or properties at one moment needs to be combined with data about other actions, moments, and properties to generate valuable relations between data points.

“second, data about one individual's actions or properties at one moment needs to be combined with data about other actions, moments, and properties to generate valuable relations between data points (Arvidsson 2016;Thatcher et al. 2016, 995).”

• cites Arvidsson 2016 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Thatcher et al. 2016 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

The Spanish empire's Requerimiento was a proclamation read in Spanish to a non-Spanish speaking audience to introduce natives to the new world order they were about to be colonized under and to demand their simple acceptance or face extermination.

“The purpose of this proclamation, read in Spanish by conquistadors to a non-Spanish speaking audience, was to introduce the natives to the strange new world order they were about to be colonized under, and to demand their simple acceptance (or face extermination, which frequently arrived regardless of compliance).”

• cites Bartolomé de las Casas (1951, 58)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Global flows of data are as expansive as historic colonialism's appropriation of land, resources, and bodies, although the epicentre has somewhat shifted.

“These global flows of data are as expansive as historic colonialism's appropriation of land, resources, and bodies, although the epicentre has somewhat shifted.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Data colonialism involves at least two poles of colonial power, the USA and China, not only 'the West'.

“Data colonialism involves not one pole of colonial power ('the West'), but at least two: the USA and China.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The force of the Requerimiento depended on an effective monopoly of physical force; today's 'muscle' lies in various forms of economic concentration, one of which is the digital platform.

“The force of the Requerimiento depended on an effective monopoly of physical force.Today's 'muscle' lies in various forms of economic concentration, one of which is the digital platform.”

May combine two claims.

Since social media platforms encourage ever more activities and inner thoughts to occur on platforms, there is in principle no limit to the appropriation, because what is appropriated is increasingly constructed to be ready for appropriation.

“Since the purpose of 'social' media platforms is to encourage ever more of our activities and inner thoughts to occur on platforms, there is, in principle, no limit to the appropriation, since what is appropriated is what is increasingly constructed to be ready for appropriation.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Data colonialism appropriates life as raw material whether or not it is actually labor, or even labor-like.

“But that gives us no grip at all on data colonialism, which appropriates life as raw material whether or not it is actually labor, or even labor-like.”

May combine two claims.

The new data colonialism works both externally on a global scale and internally on its own home populations.

“Instead, the new data colonialism works both externally -on a global scale -and internally on its own home populations.”

May combine two claims.

We are today witnessing the first stage of a long-term double development: the colonial appropriation of life in general and its annexation to capital, through mechanisms including the digital platform.

“Just as industrial capitalism would not have happened without the prior appropriation under historical colonialism of vast territories, their 'natural' resources and bodies, so we are today witnessing the first stage of another long-term double development: the colonial appropriation of life in general and its annexation to capital, through various mechanisms of which one is the digital platform.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Historical colonialism provided the essential preconditions for the emergence of industrial capitalism, including through prior appropriation of vast territories, natural resources and bodies.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

A political rationality operates to position society as the natural beneficiary of corporations' extractive efforts, just as humanity was supposed to benefit from historical colonialism as a 'civilizational' project.

“Simultaneously, a political rationality operates to position society as the natural beneficiary of corporations' extractive efforts, just as humanity was supposed to benefit from historical colonialism as a 'civilizational' project.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Capitalism currently depends on a new type of appropriation, data colonialism, that works wherever people or things are attached to today's infrastructures of connection.

“Understanding Big Data from the Global South means understanding capitalism's current dependence on this new type of appropriation that works at every point in space where people or things are attached to today's infrastructures of connection.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Extractive rationalities need to be naturalized or normalized.

“Extractive rationalities need to be naturalized or normalized”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

It is premature to map on a global scale the forms of capitalism that will emerge from data colonialism.

“The scale of this transformation means that it is premature to map the forms of capitalism that will emerge from it on a global scale.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The elites of data colonialism benefit from colonization in both external and internal dimensions, and North-South, East-West divisions no longer matter in the same way.

“The elites of data colonialism (think of Facebook) benefit from colonization in both dimensions, and North-South, East-West divisions no longer matter in the same way.”

May combine two claims.

Capitalism historically depended on the availability of cheap nature: natural resources that are abundant, easy to appropriate from their rightful owners, whose depletion is seen as unproblematic, and whose availability to capital had to be constructed through marketization.

“Jason Moore (2015) argues that capitalism historically depended on the availability of cheap nature: natural resources that are abundant, easy to appropriate from their rightful owners, and whose depletion is seen as unproblematic, but whose 'availability to capital' itself had to be constructed through elaborate means of marketization.”

• cites Moore 2015Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Over time, data colonialism will provide the preconditions for a new stage of capitalism in which the appropriation of human life through data is central.

“Just as historical colonialism over the long-run provided the essential preconditions for the emergence of industrial capitalism, so over time, we can expect that data colonialism will provide the preconditions for a new stage of capitalism that as yet we can barely imagine, but for which the appropriation of human life through data will be central.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Historical colonialism provided the essential preconditions for the emergence of industrial capitalism, including through prior appropriation of vast territories, natural resources and bodies.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Through data relations, social life all over the globe becomes an 'open' resource for extraction that is 'just there' for capital.

“Through what we call 'data relations' (new types of human relations which enable the extraction of data for commodification), social life all over the globe becomes an 'open' resource for extraction that is somehow 'just there' for capital.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Life needs to be configured so as to generate data as a resource.

“It is not simply a matter of harvesting a natural resource: first, life needs to be configured so as to generate such a resource”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Today, in the era of data colonialism, we are accustomed to similarly incomprehensible documents called Terms of Service, which contain outlandish appropriative claims by corporations.

“Today, in the era of data colonialism, we are accustomed to similarly incomprehensible documents called Terms of Service, which contain outlandish appropriative claims by corporations.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

A practical rationality frames corporations as the only ones with the power and capacity to process, and thus appropriate, data.

“There is also a practical rationality that frames corporations as the only ones with the power and capacity to process (and thus appropriate) data.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

The vast reorganization of human life implied by data colonialism could not happen without a broader shift in social relations.

“The vast reorganization of human life implied by data colonialism could not happen without a broader shift in social relations.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Data appropriation is a form of fundamental appropriation of resource or extraction.

“More helpful are approaches which see what is going on with data as a form of fundamental appropriation of resource (Greene and Joseph 2015;Thatcher et al. 2016, drawing on Harvey 2004) or extraction (Mezzadra and Neilson 2017).”

• cites Greene and Joseph 2015 sourceNot checked yet

  Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.

• cites Thatcher et al. 2016 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Mezzadra and Neilson 2017 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Data colonialism combines the predatory extractive practices of historical colonialism with the abstract quantification methods of computing.

“Data colonialism combines the predatory extractive practices of historical colonialism with the abstract quantification methods of computing.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

Because data colonialism makes us all subjects of capital in distinctive new ways, the most useful overall framing is a new phase of colonialism deeply intertwined with the long-term development of capitalism.

“But because this appropriation makes us all subjects of capital in distinctive new ways, the most useful overall framing here is of a new phase of colonialism that is deeply intertwined with the long-term development of capitalism.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Data colonialism is a new form of colonialism distinctive of the 21st century, not merely a metaphor or a simple continuation of historic territorial colonialism.

“That frame is colonialism, used here not as a mere metaphor, 1 nor as an echo or simple continuation of historic forms of territorial colonialism, 2 but to refer to a new form of colonialism distinctive of the 21 st century: data colonialism.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Whatever form of force is used, its effect now, as then, is through the discursive act that accompanies it to embed subjects inescapably into relations of colonization.

“Whatever the form of force used, its effect now, as then, is through the discursive act that accompanies it to embed subjects inescapably into relations of colonization.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Data colonialism's social transformation matches features of historic colonialism.

“This is another aspect of data colonialism that, alongside aspects just covered -resource appropriation, ideology, and corporate concentration of profits -matches the features of historic colonialism”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Capitalism affirms the uniquely identifiable reference-point on which all notions of the self rest; it is this self whose market potential gets traded in proxy form.

“Underlying such variations, capitalism affirms the uniquely identifiable reference-point on which all notions of the self rest; it is this 'self' whose market potential gets traded in proxy form.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Machine-to-machine connections significantly deepen the new web of social knowledge production.

“Machine-to-machine connections significantly deepen the new web of social knowledge production.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Under data colonialism, we are all destined to become data subjects, that is, parties to regular data relations.

“Even if, under data colonialism, we are all destined to become data subjects -that is, parties to regular data relations -what this means for one person may be very different from what it means for another.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

The minimal integrity of human life cannot be traded away without endangering the basic conditions of human autonomy.

“This reality, which each subject can recognise in each other, cannot be traded away without endangering the basic conditions of human autonomy.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Rejecting data colonialism means rejecting the form of resource appropriation and accompanying social order that most contemporary data practice represents.

“But it does mean rejecting the form of resource appropriation and accompanying social order that most contemporary data practice represents.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

In the hollowed out social world of data colonialism, data practices invade the space of the self by making tracking a permanent feature of life, expanding and deepening the basis on which human beings can exploit each other.

“In the hollowed out social world of data colonialism, data practices invade the space of the self by making tracking a permanent feature of life, expanding and deepening the basis on which human beings can exploit each other.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

You or we will be uniquely identified by multiple corporations using different sets of data features, each sufficient to prompt a distinctive action.

“You or we will be uniquely identified by multiple corporations using different sets of data features, each sufficient to prompt a distinctive action.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Today, data colonialism is changing society by transforming human life into a new abstracted social form that is also ripe for commodification: data.

“Today, data colonialism is changing society by transforming human life into a new abstracted social form that is also ripe for commodification: data.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Recognizing this dispossession is the start of resistance to data colonialism.

“Recognizing this dispossession is the start of resistance to data colonialism.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

The force of Quijano's point remains even when, in the bipolar world of US-China data domination, colonialism starts to operate well beyond the confines of European traditions.

“The force of Quijano's point remains, even when, in the bipolar world of US-China data domination, colonialism starts to operate well beyond the confines of European traditions.”

• cites QuijanoNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

If successful, the transformation of everyday life into data will leave no discernable outside to capitalist production: everyday life will have become directly incorporated into the capitalist process of production.

“If successful, this transformation will leave no discernable 'outside' to capitalist production: everyday life will have become directly incorporated into the capitalist process of production.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

The corporate attempt to incorporate all of life, whether or not conceived by those doing it as production, into an expanded process for the generation of surplus value is audacious yet largely disguised.

“That is the key point: the audacious yet largely disguised corporate attempt to incorporate all of life, whether or not conceived by those doing it as 'production,' into an expanded process for the generation of surplus value.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Data are abstractions from the processes of human life.

“'Data' are abstractions from the processes of human life.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

In those cultures, the perspective of totality in knowledge includes the acknowledgement of the heterogeneity of all reality, of the irreducible, contradictory character of the latter, and of the legitimacy and desirability of the diverse character of the components of all reality and therefore of the social.

“But in those cultures, the perspective of totality in knowledge includes the acknowledgement of the heterogeneity of all reality; of the irreducible, contradictory character of the latter; of the legitimacy, i.e., the desirability of the diverse character of the components of all reality -and therefore, of the social.”

• cites Quijano 2007 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

What must be abandoned is the claim to absolute universality that Quijano sees as characteristic of European modernity, and which is reproduced in data colonialism and its logics of universal data extraction and management of human beings through data.

“What must be abandoned is the claim to absolute universality that Quijano sees as characteristic of European modernity, and which we find reproduced in data colonialism, and its logics of universal data extraction and management of human beings through data.”

• cites QuijanoNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Human life itself is being progressively capitalized in new ways whose detail, extent and precision go far beyond earlier general predictions of the capitalization of life.

“Human life itself is being progressively capitalized in new ways whose detail, extent and precision go far beyond earlier general predictions of the capitalization of life.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Data are being increasingly commodified.

“Meanwhile, data are being increasingly commodified.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The costs and consequences of dispossession through data will be distributed unevenly, especially when it comes to surveillance.

“This is particularly important when we can be sure the costs and consequences of dispossession through data will be distributed unevenly, especially when it comes to surveillance.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Human inputs are only part of the territory that data colonialism seeks to annex to human capital.

“Human inputs are only part of the territory that data colonialism seeks to annex to human capital.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The abstracting force of the commodity, the possibility of transforming life process into 'things' with value, is the fundamental characteristic of capitalism.

“This reinterpretation of Marx 'for a post-Marxist age' (as Postone puts it) emphasizes that it is the abstracting force of the commodity, the possibility of transforming life process into 'things' with value, that is the fundamental characteristic of capitalism.”

• cites PostoneNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Outside the West, virtually in all known cultures, all systematic production of knowledge is associated with a perspective of totality.

“Outside the 'West', virtually in all known cultures… all systematic production of knowledge is associated with a perspective of totality.”

• cites Quijano 2007 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Data colonialism means that new social relations (data relations, which generate raw inputs to information processing) become a key means whereby new forms of economic value are created.

“Data colonialism means that new social relations (data relations, which generate raw inputs to information processing) become a key means whereby new forms of economic value are created.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

These soft nudges towards datafication converge in marketers' favoured strategy of gamification.

“These 'soft' nudges towards datafication converge in marketers' favoured strategy of gamification.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

By installing automated surveillance into the space of the self, we risk losing the very thing that constitutes us as selves at all, that is, the open-ended space where we continuously transform over time.

“By installing automated surveillance into the space of the self, we risk losing the very thing that constitutes us as selves at all, that is, the open-ended space where we continuously transform over time.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Without the minimal, socially grounded integrity of the self, we do not recognise ourselves and others as selves at all.

“What needs defending is not individualistic self-rule, but rather the minimal, socially grounded integrity of the self without which we do not recognise ourselves and others as selves at all.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Rejecting data colonialism does not mean rejecting data collection and use in all its forms.

“Rejecting data colonialism does not mean rejecting data collection and use in all its forms.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

This vision rejects the idea that the continuous collection of data from human beings is natural, let alone rational.

“This vision rejects the idea that the continuous collection of data from human beings is natural, let alone rational; and so rejects the idea that the results of data processing are a naturally occurring form of social knowledge, rather than a commercially motivated form of extraction that advances particular economic and/or governance interests.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

The integrity of the self as the entity that can make and reflect on choices in a complex world is essential to all Western liberal notions of freedom.

“The integrity of the self as the entity that can make and reflect on choices in a complex world is essential to all Western liberal notions of freedom.7 .”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

The means for this transformation are not labor relations, but more broadly commodified social relations, or data relations.

“The means for this transformation are -to reiterate -not labor relations, but, more broadly, commodified social relations, or, more succinctly, data relations.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Taken together, these transformations represent something approaching the appropriation for capital of the whole domain of social life and much of individual life too, an appropriation that constitutes the colonial moment of contemporary capitalism.

“Taken together, these transformations represent something approaching the appropriation for capital of the whole domain of social life and much of individual life too, an appropriation that constitutes the colonial moment of contemporary capitalism.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Quijano's point was not merely to move past the colonial through the postcolonial, but to challenge fundamentally colonialism's legitimacy through decolonial ways of thinking.

“To Quijano, the point was not merely to move past the colonial through the 'postcolonial,' but to challenge fundamentally colonialism's legitimacy through 'decolonial' ways of thinking.”

• cites QuijanoNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Data are not abstracted from us automatically, but through social relations to which at some point, even if retrospectively, we are assumed to have consented.

“Data are not abstracted from us automatically, but through social relations to which at some point, even if retrospectively, we are assumed to have consented.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

The expansion of data colonialism is a problem for all human subjects, indeed for human development as such.

“The expansion of data colonialism is a problem for all human subjects, indeed for human development as such.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

The transformation of human life into data cannot even start without the appropriative moment of data colonialism.

“Since this transformation cannot even start without the appropriative moment of data colonialism, it is important to consider how dispossession feels from the perspective of the objects of that appropriation: human beings.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

A continuously trackable life is a dispossessed life.

“A continuously trackable life is a dispossessed life, no matter how one looks at it.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

There are multiple forms of encouragement into data relations: from rituals of routine self-tracking on platforms where we count our followers or likes, to exemplary performance such as Olympic athletes who tell us how they track themselves.

“There are multiple forms of encouragement into data relations: from the rituals of routine selftracking on platforms where we count our followers or likes, 4 to exemplary performance (the Olympic athletes who tell us how they track themselves).”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Capitalism erodes a core element in the content of that identified self whose continuity and change we value through time.

“But, at the same time, capitalism erodes a core element in the content of that identified self whose continuity (and change) we value through time.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

A real person gets offered a favourable price in the supermarket, an opportunity for social housing, or a legal penalty, all based on algorithmic reasoning.

“It is a real person who gets offered a favourable price in the supermarket, an opportunity for social housing, or a legal penalty, all based on algorithmic reasoning.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

What becoming a data subject means for one person may be very different from what it means for another.

“Even if, under data colonialism, we are all destined to become data subjects -that is, parties to regular data relations -what this means for one person may be very different from what it means for another.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The new social knowledge is produced through operations that bypass human beings.

“Even though the new social knowledge is produced through operations that bypass human beings, it is actual human beings, not 'doubles,' who are tethered to the discriminations that such knowledge generates.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Quijano's diagnosis is of enormous importance for addressing data colonialism too.

“Quijano focussed on the legacy of historic colonialism, but his diagnosis is of enormous importance for addressing data colonialism too.”

• cites QuijanoNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Media platforms like Netflix are based on the structuring of content production and marketing around the data doubles produced through relentless data harvesting and processing, all of which suggests customization and convenience for the user.

“Media platforms like Netflix are based on the structuring of content production and marketing around the data doubles produced through relentless data harvesting and processing, all of which suggests customization and convenience for the user.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

The practical starting-point for resistance to data colonialism is a vision that, until 20 years ago, would have been indisputable, but now, strangely, appears counter-intuitive to many.

“The practical starting-point for resistance to data colonialism is a vision that, until 20 years ago, would have been indisputable, but now, strangely, appears counter-intuitive to many.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The minimal integrity of the self is valued by all philosophical traditions.

“This minimal integrity of the self is valued by all philosophical traditions.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Before the internet, data sources about social life were limited to company customer records, responses to direct marketing, credit bureau data, and government public records.

“Before the internet, as Bruce Schneier (2015, 27-28) notes, data sources about social life were limited to company customer records, responses to direct marketing, credit bureau data, and government public records (we might add insurance company data on their insured).”

• cites Schneier (2015)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Inequality in the meaning of data subjection relates to how the intensity of surveillance is allocated and to individuals' relative ability to repair the costs of surveillance over the long-run.

“There are various reasons for this inequality: some relate to how the intensity of surveillance is allocated, and others relate to individuals' relative ability to repair the costs of surveillance over the long-run.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The value of those extractive processes depends on the comprehensiveness of the data generated.

“The value of those extractive processes depends on the comprehensiveness of the data generated.”

May combine two claims.

What human beings do when they are tracked and when data is extracted from them during social interactions is not a new type of labor, although it can be appropriated, abstracted, and commodified all the same.

“But what human beings do when they are tracked and when data is extracted from them during social interactions is not a new type of labor, although it can be appropriated, abstracted, and commodified all the same.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

This vision rejects the idea that the results of data processing are a naturally occurring form of social knowledge, rather than a commercially motivated form of extraction that advances particular economic and/or governance interests.

“This vision rejects the idea that the continuous collection of data from human beings is natural, let alone rational; and so rejects the idea that the results of data processing are a naturally occurring form of social knowledge, rather than a commercially motivated form of extraction that advances particular economic and/or governance interests.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

The new and distinctive role of platforms and other environments of routine data extraction is to create possibilities for managing everything.

“This is the new and distinctive role of platforms and other environments of routine data extraction.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

The bare reality of the self as a self comes to be at stake.

“The bare reality of the self as a self 6 comes to be at stake.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

The core of what is wrong with data colonialism's new order is its vision of totality.

“We reach here the core of what is wrong with data colonialism's new order: its vision of totality.”

May combine two claims.

Datafication denies this alternative vision of order and totality, as it categorises subjects and builds societies towards total algorithmic control.

“It is exactly this alternative vision of order and totality that datafication denies, as it categorises subjects and builds societies towards total algorithmic control.”

May combine two claims.

Under capitalism, labor-power acquires a measurable dimension to be exchanged in the market, so workers' labor power becomes something they can sell as a commodity.

“This labor-power acquires the necessary measurable dimension to be exchanged in the market.In this way, workers' labor power becomes something they can sell as a commodity.”

• cites MarxNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

The goal is not to abandon rationality or even the claim to some universality.

“The goal is not to abandon rationality or even the claim to 'some universality.'”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

The extraction of data from bodies, things and systems creates new possibilities for managing everything.

“The extraction of data from bodies, things and systems creates new possibilities for managing everything.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Colonialism, whether in its historic or new form, can only be opposed effectively if it is attacked at its core: the underlying rationality that enables continuous appropriation to seem natural, necessary and somehow an enhancement of, not a violence to, human development.

“What decolonial thinking in particular can help us grasp is that colonialism -whether in its historic or new form -can only be opposed effectively if it is attacked at its core: the underlying rationality that enables continuous appropriation to seem natural, necessary and somehow an enhancement of, not a violence to, human development.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The goal of the Internet of Things is to install into every tool for human living the capacity to continuously and autonomously collect and transmit data within privately controlled systems of uncertain security.

“The goal is clear: to install into every tool for human living the capacity to continuously and autonomously collect and transmit data within privately controlled systems of uncertain security.”