The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 21 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress
Open accessAbstract
Both dispositional mindfulness and mindfulness-based interventions have been found to be associated with less psychological distress. The current study investigated three mechanisms by which mindfulness might exert its beneficial effects: emotion regulation, nonattachment, and reduced rumination. Correlational self-report data were collected from two independent, nonclinical samples of undergraduates. Structural equation modeling was then used to test the role of these three mechanisms in mediating the relationship between mindfulness and a psychological distress factor, consisting of measures for depressive and anxious symptomatology. The model was respecified based on the first sample and retested in the second sample. Results confirmed an inverse relationship between mindfulness and psychological distress. Furthermore, emotion regulation, nonattachment, and rumination significantly mediated this relationship. © 2008 SAGE Publications.
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This study examined whether emotion regulation, nonattachment, and rumination mediate the inverse association between dispositional mindfulness and psychological distress. Across two independent undergraduate samples, structural equation modeling supported mediation, with rumination accounting for the largest portion of mindfulness’s indirect effect on distress.
Key findings
- Mindfulness was inversely related to psychological distress; latent correlations were −.43 in Sample 1 and −.58 in Sample 2, and all latent correlations were significant at p < .001.
- The respecified model explained 50% of the variance in psychological distress in Sample 1 and 52% in Sample 2.
- Rumination mediated the largest share of mindfulness’s indirect effect on distress (47% in Sample 1, 52% in Sample 2), followed by emotion regulation (43%, 40%) and nonattachment (10%, 8%).
- The direct path from mindfulness to distress was not significant in Sample 1 but was significant in Sample 2, leaving it unclear whether mediation was full or partial.
Methods
- Two independent nonclinical undergraduate samples: Sample 1 had 197 participants (64.5% female; mean age 18.9, SD = 0.94), and Sample 2 had 249 participants (66% female; mean age 18.75, SD = 1.2). Data were collected via paper-and-pencil questionnaires in groups of 20 to 50.
- Measures included the MAAS for mindfulness, the TMMS Repair subscale for emotion regulation, the Linking Inventory for nonattachment, the RRQ Rumination subscale, and BSI depression and anxiety subscales for psychological distress.
- Structural equation modeling was conducted in LISREL 8.51; the original model was respecified to add direct paths from mindfulness to rumination and from emotion regulation to rumination, then retested in Sample 2 and with a multigroup analysis.
Limitations
- Stated by the authors: the tested model may be one of several models that fit the data equally well, and the data cannot definitively prove the relationships or causality; experimental manipulation and other methodologies are needed.
- Stated by the authors: it remains ambiguous whether the mediators fully or partially mediate the mindfulness–distress link, given the differing significance of the direct path across samples and possible sample-specific variance.
- Evident from the text: the design is cross-sectional and correlational, so temporal ordering and causal direction cannot be established; the samples are nonclinical undergraduates, limiting generalizability; and emotion regulation and nonattachment each relied on a single measure, with measurement error approximated from internal consistency rather than modeled with multiple indicators.
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Claims the paper makes
24 Own result · 17 Own interpretation · 15 Own method · 6 No full text of the sources · 4 Sources not found · 4 No basis given · 3 Not checked yet · 1 Supported so far
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rumination mediated the largest percentage of mindfulness' indirect impact on psychological distress in both samples”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Direct, Indirect, and Total Effects
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, emotion regulation, nonattachment, and rumination significantly mediated this relationship.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, emotion regulation, nonattachment, and rumination significantly mediated this relationship.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results confirmed an inverse relationship between mindfulness and psychological distress.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The original model proved to be a poor fit to the data.It produced a root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of .12(90% confidence interval [CI] = 0.083-0.15;standardized root mean square residual (RMR) = .080;χ 2 = 54.11;degree of freedom [df] = 15; p < .0001).”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Testing the Model
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An examination of the measurement model, consisting of the two MAAS item parcels, the two RRQ Rumination item parcels, and the Psychological distress factor, revealed that the factor structure was an acceptable fit for the data (RMSEA = 0.057;, standardized RMR = .02;χ 2 = 9.87; df = 6; p = .13).”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Testing the Model
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, emotion regulation, nonattachment, and rumination significantly mediated this relationship.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The three mediators in the model were all directly associated with each other.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As hypothesized, increased mindfulness was associated with an increased ability to manage negative emotion.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The respecified model proved to be an acceptable fit in Sample 2. It produced an RMSEA of 0.072 (90% CI = 0.037-0.11;standardized RMR = .032;χ 2 = 29.53;df = 13; p = .0055).”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Model Replication
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 23
- Probably not a substantial claim. 21
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Using the MAAS and other measures for mindfulness, Baer, Smith, Hopkins, Krietemeyer, and Toney (2006) also found negative correlations between dispositional mindfulness and psychological distress and positive correlations between dispositional mindfulness and measures of positive adjustment.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Brown & Ryan, 2003 source
- Supportedcites Baer et al., 2006 source
The table in “Mindfulness Measures and Other Variables: Convergent and Discriminant Correlations” (p. 6) reports negative correlations between all five mindfulness questionnaires and psychological symptoms, and positive correlations with self-compassion, a measure of positive adjustment. The paper identifies the MAAS as one of those questionnaires (Results and Discussion, p. 5). (LLM, conf=0.94)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The square root transformation produced BSI Depression distributions with a skew of .12 in Sample 1 and a skew of .03 in Sample 2.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Results
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is therefore unclear whether mindfulness exerts its hypothesized influence on psychological distress exclusively by affecting more proximal variables, which then affect psychological distress, or whether some portion of mindfulness' beneficial impact on psychological distress is a result of mindfulness alone, independent of its impact on other mechanisms that beneficially influence”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Discussion
hedgedconditionaln = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The respecified model proved to be a good fit to the data.It produced an RMSEA of 0.047 (90% CI = 0.0-0.092;standardized RMR = .031;χ 2 = 18.73; df = 13; p = .13).”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Testing the Model
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All parameter estimates were significant at less than the .02level, with the exception of the direct effect from emotion regulation to rumination in the first sample (z = -2.00;p < .05)and the direct effect from mindfulness to psychological distress in the first sample (z = -1.07;not significant).”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Direct, Indirect, and Total Effects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Table 1 presents the bivariate correlations and descriptive statistics, in both samples, for the seven indicator variables.All correlations were statistically significant (p < .01)and in the expected direction.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The square root transformation produced BSI Anxiety distributions with skews of .06 and .02 in Samples 1 and 2, respectively.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Furthermore, rumination has been found to mediate this relationship, such that when attachments are unfulfilled, people are more likely to ruminate, which then influences happiness (McIntosh & Martin, 1992).”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Mechanism of Action
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites McIntosh & Martin, 1992
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The model was respecified based on the first sample and retested in the second sample.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Jain et al. (2007) found that although mindfulness meditation and somatic relaxation were both associated with decreased self-reported psychological distress, only mindfulness meditation reduced rumination.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Mechanism of Action
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Jain et al., 2007 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Some treatment outcome researchers have suggested that mindfulness improves emotion regulation by helping one recognize that distressing thoughts are not always accurate representations of reality (Linehan, 1993;Teasdale, 1999;Teasdale, Segal, & Williams, 1995).”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Mechanism of Action
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Linehan, 1993
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Teasdale, 1999
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Teasdale et al., 1995 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“This finding is consistent with the theoretical rationale for mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, a mindfulness-based intervention, which posits that mindfulness decreases risk for depression because it assists individuals in viewing their thoughts and feelings as impermanent mental events.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Mechanism of Action
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Teasdale et al., 1995 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In an experimental study, participants who engaged in a mindful breathing exercise reported less negative affect and a greater willingness to view highly negative pictures than did participants in other experimental conditions (Arch & Craske, 2006).”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Mechanism of Action
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Arch & Craske, 2006 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, their inability to manage negative affect may contribute to a tendency to view their happiness as contingent on external circumstances, which is also associated with increased rumination.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The relationships among mindfulness, emotion regulation, nonattachment, rumination, and psychological distress are causal in the direction specified by the model.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this study, Cronbach's alpha measure for internal consistency of the MAAS was .87 in Sample 1 and .87 in Sample 2.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, the measures for mindfulness (i.e., the MAAS) and rumination (i.e., the RRQ Rumination) were each divided into item parcels, such that the first half of each scale was treated as one indicator for the factor while the second half of the scale was treated as a second indicator for the factor.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Testing the Model
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The model indicates that anxious and depressed individuals are more likely to be ruminating and struggling to manage their affect with constructive thoughts.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The relationships among mindfulness, emotion regulation, nonattachment, rumination, and psychological distress are causal in the direction specified by the model.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“whereas nonattachment is associated with psychological distress because it leads to less rumination, which in turn decreases psychological distress.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The relationships among mindfulness, emotion regulation, nonattachment, rumination, and psychological distress are causal in the direction specified by the model.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the difference in the significance of this pathway may reflect the presence of sample-specific variance.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Discussion
hedgedconditionaln = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The two samples are demographically similar.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Creating item parcels allowed computation of measurement error for the mindfulness and rumination factors and inserted additional degrees of freedom into the model, thereby creating a more rigorous test of the model while preserving degrees of freedom appropriate to the sample size.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Testing the Model
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although several possible outliers were identified in each sample, exclusion of these participants did not appreciably alter the model fit.For this reason, none of the participants were excluded as outliers in either sample.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Results
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What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Several transformations were tested for their impact on skew, including natural log; however, the square root transformation most effectively reduced skew in these variables.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Internal consistency for anxiety: α 1 = .79;α 2 = .78.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Emotion regulation.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Internal consistency: α 1 = .92;α 2 = .89.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Emotion regulation.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The factor loadings and path estimates were fixed to be invariant across the two samples to examine whether the constructs being measured were similar in both samples and whether the relationships among these constructs were similar.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Model Replication
plainn = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“interventions designed to increase mindfulness improve psychological adjustment (see, e.g., Davidson et al., 2003;Kabat-Zinn et al., 1992;Teasdale et al., 2000).”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Discussion
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A primary limitation of this study is that the present model may be one of several possible models that fit the data equally well.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In particular, skill at emotion regulation and level of rumination directly affect depressive and anxious symptomatology”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The relationships among mindfulness, emotion regulation, nonattachment, rumination, and psychological distress are causal in the direction specified by the model.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, mindfulness skills alone may effect some change in these variables.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Past research has found that mindfulness is associated with positive psychological adjustment (Brown & Ryan, 2003)”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Brown & Ryan, 2003 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Internal consistency: α 1 = .79;α 2 = .81.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Emotion regulation.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The additional finding of a direct association between mindfulness and rumination is consistent with research indicating that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can be a powerful prophylactic for the recurrence of depression (Teasdale et al., 2000)”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Teasdale et al., 2000 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The measures for mindfulness and rumination had internal reliabilities greater than .80(unlike the measures for nonattachment and emotion regulation) and a sufficient number of items to split the scales (unlike the measure for emotion regulation).”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Testing the Model
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Internal consistency: α 1 = .73;α 2 = .80.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Emotion regulation.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Internal consistency for depression: α 1 = .89;α 2 = .86.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Emotion regulation.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The mechanism by which mindfulness influences psychological distress remains unclear.
“Despite the evidence that increasing mindfulness decreases psychological distress and the demonstrated relationship betweens dispositional mindfulness and psychological adjustment, the mechanism by which mindfulness has its effect on adjustment remains unclear.”
“In summary, research supports an inverse relationship between mindfulness and psychological distress, but the mechanisms by which mindfulness might influence psychological distress remain unclear.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The modeled causal direction, in which mindfulness influences emotion regulation, nonattachment, and rumination, which in turn influence psychological distress, is correct.
“Mindfulness was hypothesized to be directly associated with emotion regulation and nonattachment, such that greater mindfulness would be associated with an increased ability to regulate negative affect and a diminished sense that one's happiness is a function of specific external events and circumstances.”
“Both the ability to regulate negative emotion and rumination were expected to directly influence psychological distress.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There is an important void in the growing research literature on mindfulness regarding the mechanisms through which mindfulness exerts beneficial effects on psychological distress.
“The current study was undertaken to address an important void in the growing research literature on mindfulness; it examined potential mechanisms through which mindfulness might exert its beneficial effects on psychological distress, specifically depressive and anxious symptomatology.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The relationships among mindfulness, emotion regulation, nonattachment, rumination, and psychological distress are causal in the direction specified by the model.
“The pattern of relationships in these data is consistent with what one would expect to see if causal relationships do, in fact, exist among the variables in the model.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The two samples are demographically similar.
“and the demographic similarities between the two samples”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Because MP mitigates the impact of negative emotions, it frees up cognitive-affective resources to appreciate, reflect on and make meaning of difficult circumstances, and develop value-based goals (Coffey & Hartman, 2008).”
From Stress and coping in the time of COVID-19: Pathways to resilience and recovery (2020) · cites this paper as Coffey & Hartman, 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“MP facilitates awareness of thoughts, emotions, and sensations, allowing for their differentiation, so coping strategies can be more targeted and flexible, revealing problems and issues to be addressed, such as anger that masks fear and anxiety.”
From Stress and coping in the time of COVID-19: Pathways to resilience and recovery (2020) · cites this paper as Coffey & Hartman, 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Although past empirical studies indicate a link between trait mindfulness, emotion regulation strategies, and symptoms of depression and anxiety in both clinical [22, 23] and nonclinical populations [35–38]”
From Emotion Regulation as a Mechanism of Mindfulness in Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders (2024) · cites this paper as [35]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Mindfulness has been shown to be associated with increased well-being [11] and reduction in psychological distress [11,12].”
From Association of mindfulness to resilience, anxiety, and depressive symptoms after spinal cord injury-a correlational study (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“It appears that one of the possible mechanisms through which DM does this is by improving emotional regulation (Coffey and Hartman 2008; de Frias 2014; Feldman et al. 2016; Kadziolka et al. 2016; McDonald et al. 2016; Prakash et al. 2015).”
From Dispositional Mindfulness and Psychological Health: a Systematic Review (2018) · cites this paper as Coffey and Hartman 2008
In the citing paper
“two studies have found that rumination does mediate the link between DM and depressive symptoms (Alleva et al. 2014) and psychological distress (Coffey and Hartman 2008).”
From Dispositional Mindfulness and Psychological Health: a Systematic Review (2018) · cites this paper as Coffey and Hartman 2008
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Results
“Table 1 presents the bivariate correlations and descriptive statistics, in both samples, for the seven indicator variables.”
§ Mechanisms of Action in the Inverse Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Distress > Discussion
“| 6. MAAS | .27/.18 | .28/.22 | -.49/-.41 | -.36/-.41 | -.36/-.48 | 1.00 | | M |”
Citations
Cites
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“Of these five factors, the MAAS is most closely related to the Acting with Awareness factor (Baer et al., 2006).”
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Hülsheger, U. R., Alberts, H. J. E. M., Feinholdt, A., & Lang, J. W. B. (2013) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031313 · Cited by 1,433
“…has witnessed a number of theoretical advances on (e.g., Bishop et al., 2004; Glomb et al., 2011; Shapiro et al., 2006) and a few empirical tests of (e.g., Allen & Kiburz, 2012; Coffey & Hartman, 2008; Weinstein et al., 2009) potential mechanisms underlying the salutary effects of mindfulness.”
BackgroundWhat are the benefits of mindfulness? A practice review of psychotherapy-related research.
Davis, D. M., & Hayes, J. A. (2011) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/a0022062 · Cited by 831
“Mindfulness meditation has been shown to improve well-being (Carmody & Baer, 2008) and reduce psychological distress (Coffey & Hartman, 2008; Ostafin et al., 2006).”
BackgroundThe Role of Mindfulness in Positive Reappraisal
Garland, E., Gaylord, S., & Park, J. (2009) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2008.10.001 · Cited by 595
Dispositional Mindfulness and Psychological Health: a Systematic Review
Tomlinson, E. R., Yousaf, O., Vittersø, A. D., & Jones, L. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0762-6 · Cited by 560
“Rumination is a risk factor for depression and psychological distress, and two studies have found that rumination does mediate the link between DM and depressive symptoms (Alleva et al. 2014) and psychological distress (Coffey and Hartman 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Assessment of Mindfulness with Self-Report Measures: Existing Scales and Open Issues
Bergomi, C., Tschacher, W., & Kupper, Z. (2013) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0110-9 · Cited by 506
“Currently, researchers increasingly concentrate on the mechanisms through which mindfulness exerts positive influences on mental and physical well-being (Coffey and Hartman 2008; Crane et al. 2010; Shapiro et al. 2006; Williams et al. 2011).”
BackgroundCoffey, K. A., Hartman, M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2010) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-010-0033-2 · Cited by 428
“(and confirmed in Step 1 of Study 2) with the model Coffey and Hartman (2008) proposed and tested for mindfulness’ mechanisms of action.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationErisman, S. M., & Roemer, L. (2010) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0017162 · Cited by 411
“In one study, Coffey and Hartman found that emotion regulation mediated the inverse correlation between mindfulness and distress in a sample of undergraduate students (Coffey & Hartman, 2008).”
BackgroundMindfulness and emotion regulation
Roemer, L., Williston, S. K., & Rollins, L. G. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.02.006 · Cited by 411
Attachment and emotion regulation in substance addictions and behavioral addictions
Estévez, A., Jáuregui, P., Sánchez-Marcos, I., López-González, H., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.6.2017.086 · Cited by 371
Stress and coping in the time of COVID-19: Pathways to resilience and recovery
Polizzi, C., Lynn, S. J., & Perry, A. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.36131/cn20200204 · Cited by 520
“…it frees up cognitive-affective resources to appreciate, reflect on and make meaning of difficult circumstances, and develop value-based goals (Coffey & Hartman, 2008). mindfulness can supplant a fear-driven, pessimistic perspective on the future by focusing bare-awareness on the present…”
BackgroundCould mindfulness decrease anger, hostility, and aggression by decreasing rumination?
Borders, A., Earleywine, M., & Jajodia, A. (2009) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.20327 · Cited by 328
“Two studies have found that mindfulness correlates with the ability to regulate negative affect [Brown and Ryan, 2003; Coffey and Hartman, 2008].”
BackgroundMindfulness, Work Climate, and Psychological Need Satisfaction in Employee Well-being
Schultz, P. P., Ryan, R. M., Niemiec, C. P., Legate, N., & Williams, G. C. (2014) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-014-0338-7 · Cited by 360
“On a related front, there is evidence that mindfulness enhances one’s capacity to tolerate uncomfortable emotions by maintaining a healthy distance from distressing feelings (Coffey and Hartman 2008; Follette et al. 2006).”
BackgroundJimenez, S. S., Niles, B. L., & Park, C. L. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.041 · Cited by 286
Specificity of rumination in anxiety and depression: A multimodal meta‐analysis.
Olatunji, B. O., Naragon-Gainey, K., & Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B. (2013) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1037/h0101719 · Cited by 380
Mindfulness and Self-Compassion: Exploring Pathways to Adolescent Emotional Well-Being
Bluth, K., & Blanton, P. W. (2014) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-013-9830-2 · Cited by 270
Smith, B. W., Ortiz, J. A., Steffen, L. E., Tooley, E. M., Wiggins, K. T., Yeater, E. A., Montoya, J. D., & Bernard, M. L. (2011) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0025189 · Cited by 255
“Mindfulness may allow greater cognitive flexibility and improve emotion regulation in the midst of a range of stressful experiences (Coffey & Hartman, 2008; Follette et al., 2006; Shapiro et al., 2006) and reduce the tendency to dissociate during traumatic events (Ozer et al., 2008).”
Masuda, A., & Tully, E. C. (2012) · Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1177/2156587211423400 · Cited by 250
Relations among mindfulness, well-being, and sleep
Howell, A. J., Digdon, N. L., Buro, K., & Sheptycki, A. R. (2008) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.08.005 · Cited by 217
Dispositional mindfulness: A critical review of construct validation research
Rau, H. K., & Williams, P. G. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.035 · Cited by 215
“…Sawyer, Witt, & Oh, 2010; Keng, Smoski, & Robins, 2011; Smith, Richardson, Hoffman, & Pilkington, 2005) and dispositional mindfulness (e.g., Coffey & Hartman, 2008; Creswell, Way, Eisenberger, & Lieberman, 2007; Howell, Digdon, Buro, & Sheptycki, 2008; Lakey, Campbell, Brown, & Goodie,…”
Deficits in emotion regulation associated with pathological gambling
Williams, A. D., Grisham, J. R., Erskine, A., & Cassedy, E. (2011) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.2011.02022.x · Cited by 207
deVibe, M., Bjørndal, A., Fattah, S., Dyrdal, G. M., Halland, E., & Tanner-Smith, E. E. (2017) · Campbell Systematic Reviews: Better Evidence for a Better World · doi:10.4073/csr.2017.11 · Cited by 198
Dispositional mindfulness and life satisfaction: The role of core self-evaluations
Kong, F., Wang, X., & Zhao, J. (2013) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.09.002 · Cited by 211
“…to the development of emotional intelligence, thereby encouraging individuals to accurately perceive emotions and effectively regulate emotions that promote their life satisfaction (e.g., Coffey & Hartman, 2008; Coffey, Hartman, & Fredrickson, 2010; Schutte & Malouff, 2011; Wang & Kong, 2013).”
BackgroundTEACHING EMPATHY: A FRAMEWORK ROOTED IN SOCIAL COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND SOCIAL JUSTICE
Gerdes, K. E., Segal, E. A., Jackson, K. F., & Mullins, J. L. (2011) · Journal of Social Work Education · doi:10.5175/jswe.2011.200900085 · Cited by 221
“Mindfulness practices have proved to be empirically driven and effective interventions in social work (Coffey & Hartman, 2008).”
BackgroundMindfulness and health behaviors: Is paying attention good for you?
Roberts, K. C., & Danoff-Burg, S. (2010) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2010.484452 · Cited by 189
“Coffey and Hartman 31 found an inverse relationship between mindfulness and distress as a result of increased emotional regulation (ie, having the ability to manage negative emotion), increased nonattachment (ie, viewing happiness as independent from specific external circumstances), and decreased rumination (ie, enga…”
BackgroundCiesla, J. A., Reilly, L. C., Dickson, K. S., Emanuel, A. S., & Updegraff, J. A. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2012.698724 · Cited by 191
“…now begun to explore the mechanisms through which dispositional mindfulness reduces stress reactivity and thus influences physical and psychological health (e.g., Chambers, Lo, & Allen, 2008; Coelho, Canter, & Ernst, 2007; Coffey & Hartman, 2008; Frewen, Evans, Maraj, Dozioz, & Partridge, 2008).”
BackgroundMeasuring Mindfulness: First Steps Towards the Development of a Comprehensive Mindfulness Scale
Bergomi, C., Tschacher, W., & Kupper, Z. (2013) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0102-9 · Cited by 173
“There has been an increasing focus in current research on the ways in which mindfulness affects mental and physical health (Baer 2010; Coffey and Hartman 2008; Dimidjian and Linehan 2003; Shapiro et al. 2006).”
BackgroundMindfulness Skills and Emotion Regulation: the Mediating Role of Coping Self-Efficacy
Luberto, C. M., Cotton, S., McLeish, A. C., Mingione, C. J., & O’Bryan, E. M. (2013) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0190-6 · Cited by 188
Sensory-Processing Sensitivity, dispositional mindfulness and negative psychological symptoms
Bakker, K., & Moulding, R. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.04.006 · Cited by 168
“Mindfulness in the present day is generally referred to as an enhanced attention to, and awareness of, present experience – moment-by-moment – in an open and accepting way (Brown & Ryan, 2003; Coffey & Hartman, 2008; Davis & Hayes, 2011).”
BackgroundVoci, A., Veneziani, C. A., & Fuochi, G. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0978-0 · Cited by 145
“…both in a sample of individuals with experience of meditation practices (meditators) and in a sample of non- meditators, relying first on models with observable variables, then on latent variable models, to estimate unbiased paths, as suggested in the literature (e.g. Cole and Preacher 2014).”
MethodEmpathy, Sympathy, and Pity: 21st-Century Definitions and Implications for Practice and Research
Gerdes, K. E. (2011) · Journal of Social Service Research · doi:10.1080/01488376.2011.564027 · Cited by 129
“The mindfulness needed to distinguish between empathy and sympathy has already been shown to be a useful strategy for cultivating the cognitive skills required to be fully empathic ( Coffey & Hartman, 2008 ; Decety & Lamm, 2006 ).”
MethodMindful mating: exploring the connection between mindfulness and relationship satisfaction
Kozlowski, A. (2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.1080/14681994.2012.748889 · Cited by 134
Stolarski, M., Vowinckel, J., Jankowski, K. S., & Zajenkowski, M. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.039 · Cited by 115
Reducing Teachers' Psychological Distress through a Mindfulness Training Program
Franco, C., Mañas, I. M., Cangas, A. J., Moreno, E., & Gallego, J. (2010) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/s1138741600002328 · Cited by 129
“Specifically, Coffey and Hartman (2008) have established three mechanisms by which mindfulness produces beneficial effects directly related to psychological distress: emotional self-control, detachment, and reduced cognitive rumination.”
BackgroundThomas, J. T., & Otis, M. D. (2010) · Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research · doi:10.5243/jsswr.2010.7 · Cited by 115
Labelle, L. E., Campbell, T. S., Faris, P., & Carlson, L. E. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22117 · Cited by 90
Mindfulness, psychological flexibility and emotional schemas
Silberstein, L. R., Tirch, D., Leahy, R. L., & McGinn, L. (2012) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1521/ijct.2012.5.4.406 · Cited by 93
Caldwell, K. L., Emery, L., Harrison, M., & Greeson, J. M. (2011) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2010.0645 · Cited by 92
Mechanisms of mindfulness: Rumination and self-compassion
Svendsen, J. L., Kvernenes, K. V., Wiker, A. S., & Dundas, I. (2017) · Nordic Psychology · doi:10.1080/19012276.2016.1171730 · Cited by 88
“Several studies (e.g., Jain et al., 2007; Coffey & Hartman, 2008; Labelle, Campbell, & Carlson, 2010; Heeren & Philippot, 2011; van Aalderen et al., 2012) have found rumination to be a mediator of the relation between mindfulness and depression.”
BackgroundResultGarland, E. L., & Roberts-Lewis, A. (2013) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.02.004 · Cited by 88
“…mindful persons are better able to extricate themselves from cognitive perseveration (Evans & Segerstrom, 2010), to regulate negative affective states (Coffey & Hartman, 2008), and to disengage attention from addictive cues (Garland, Boettiger, Gaylord, West Channon, & Howard, 2011).”
BackgroundAdolescents' mindfulness and psychological distress: The mediating role of emotion regulation
Ma, Y., & Fang, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01358 · Cited by 88
“There are some other mechanisms underlying this relationship, such as self-regulation and autonomy (Parto and Besharat, 2011), reduced rumination (Coffey and Hartman, 2008), and attachment style (McDonald et al., 2016).”
BackgroundHeuschkel, K., & Kuypers, K. P. C. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00224 · Cited by 86
Skinner, E. A., & Beers, J. (2016) · Mindfulness in behavioral health · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3506-2_7 · Cited by 103
“By promoting an attitude of acceptance, mindfulness is also thought to reduce rumination, which seems to result from an inability to disengage from desired but unobtainable goals (Coffey & Hartman, 2008; Feldman et al., 2007; Shapiro, Oman, Thoresen, Plante, & Flinders, 2008).”
BackgroundA preliminary investigation of the process of mindfulness
Erisman, S. M., & Roemer, L. (2012) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-011-0078-x · Cited by 80
“As one becomes more engaged in the process of mindfulness, such as noticing when one has become entangled with overwhelming emotions or judgment of those emotions, the ability to bring compassionate awareness to those previously mindless moments may contribute to more effective regulation (Coffey and Hartman 2008; Fel…”
BackgroundMindfulness and Problem Gambling: A Review of the Literature
de Lisle, S. M., Dowling, N. A., & Allen, J. S. (2011) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-011-9284-7 · Cited by 83
“Coffey and Hartman (2008) found that non-attachment is a mediator in the inverse relationship between dispositional mindfulness and psychological distress.”
BackgroundInfluentialAdolescent mindfulness and psychopathology: The role of emotion regulation
Pepping, C. A., Duvenage, M., Cronin, T. J., & Lyons, A. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.089 · Cited by 77
Predictors of psychological distress amongst nursing students: A multicenter cross-sectional study
Salvarani, V., Ardenghi, S., Rampoldi, G., Bani, M., Cannata, P., Ausili, D., Mauro, S. D., & Strepparava, M. G. (2020) · Nurse Education in Practice · doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102758 · Cited by 95
Tanay, G., Lotan, G., & Bernstein, A. (2012) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2011.06.003 · Cited by 78
“…applications has advanced significantly in recent years, knowledge of the factors and processes that underlie the relations between mindfulness and psychopathology vulnerability remains relatively limited (Carmody et al., 2009; Coffey & Hartman, 2008; Shapiro et al., 2006; Teasdale et al., 2002).”
BackgroundMindfulness and heart rate variability in individuals with high and low generalized anxiety symptoms
Mankus, A. M., Aldao, A., Kerns, C. E., Mayville, E. W., & Mennin, D. S. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.03.005 · Cited by 88
Stevenson, J. C., Millings, A., & Emerson, L.-M. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0970-8 · Cited by 75
“While researchers have previously reported dispositional mindfulness to be associated with lower psychological distress (Coffey and Hartman 2008), the present study highlights that defeatism coping might be the mechanism for this association.”
BackgroundMubarak, N., Khan, J., & Khan, A. K. (2022) · International Journal of Project Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2022.05.004 · Cited by 90
Evaluating Short Versions of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Using Rasch Analysis
Medvedev, O. N., Titkova, E. A., Siegert, R. J., Hwang, Y.-S., & Krägeloh, C. U. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0881-0 · Cited by 71
Whitehead, R., Bates, G., Elphinstone, B., Yang, Y., & Murray, G. (2019) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-018-0041-9 · Cited by 69
“Higher levels of mindfulness are related to reduced depression (e.g., Coffey and Hartman 2008; Feliu-Soler et al.”
BackgroundThe Role of Attentional Control in the Relationship Between Mindfulness and Anxiety
MacDonald, H. Z., & Olsen, A. (2020) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294119835756 · Cited by 64
“These results build on the existing literature documenting positive mental health correlates of greater mindfulness skills (Bajaj et al., 2016; Coffey & Hartman, 2008; Mizera et al., 2016; Pepping et al., 2016) by showing specific mindfulness subscales—describing and nonreacting—that indirectly…”
ResultParto, M., & Beshārat, M. A. (2011) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.112 · Cited by 74
“…are consistent with those showing a negative correlation between dispositional mindfulness and psychological distress involve depression and anxiety (Baer et al., 2006; Coffey & Hartman, 2008, 2010; Giluk, 2009) and by mediating the emotion regulation and non-attachment (Coffey & Hartman, 2008).”
BackgroundMacDonald, H. Z., & Baxter, E. E. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0611-z · Cited by 63
Joss, D., Lazar, S. W., & Teicher, M. H. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01322-9 · Cited by 66
“2010) limit its measurement of mindfulness to a very specific aspect: “acting with awareness” (Coffey and Hartman 2008).”
BackgroundHo, C. Y. Y., Yu, B. C. L., & Mak, W. W. S. (2022) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102175 · Cited by 62
Flow in the time of COVID-19: Findings from China
Sweeny, K. M., Rankin, K., Cheng, X., Hou, L., Long, F., Meng, Y., Azer, L., Zhou, R., & Zhang, W. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0242043 · Cited by 76
“As with flow, a large body of evidence links mindfulness to greater well-being, including lower depression and anxiety [21], less psychological distress and invasive negative thoughts [25], and more positive thinking [26].”
BackgroundGarland, E. L., Roberts-Lewis, A., Kelley, K., Tronnier, C., & Hanley, A. (2014) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.3109/10826084.2014.850309 · Cited by 59
“Dispositionally, mindful individuals tend to report lower levels of negative emotions and superior ability to regulate emotional distress (Baer et al., 2006; Brown & Ryan, 2003; Coffey & Hartman, 2008; Feldman, Hayes, Kumar, Greeson, & Laurenceau, 2007).”
BackgroundBergomi, C., Ströhle, G., Michalak, J., Funke, F., & Berking, M. (2013) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2012.713391 · Cited by 58
“…decreased attachment/aversion to feelings; and facilitation of a decentered stance in which private events (e.g., thoughts and emotions) are treated as such—as opposed to accurate images of reality (Baer, 2010; Coffey & Hartman, 2008; Grabovac, Lau, & Willett, 2011; Teasdale et al., 2002).”
BackgroundEstablishing how psychological therapies work: the importance of mediation analysis
Windgassen, S., Goldsmith, K., Moss-Morris, R. E., & Chalder, T. (2016) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.3109/09638237.2015.1124400 · Cited by 67
Sanilevici, M., Reuveni, O., Lev-Ari, S., Golland, Y., & Levit-Binnun, N. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.720965 · Cited by 54
“These skills are believed to reduce the impact of negative emotions and free up cognitive resources to assess, observe, and give meaning to difficult circumstances, which can contribute to the development of personal goals (Coffey and Hartman, 2008; Polizzi et al., 2020).”
BackgroundAcceptance and Commitment Therapy-Oriented Parent-Training for Parents of Children with Autism
Corti, C., Pergolizzi, F., Vanzin, L., Cargasacchi, G., Villa, L., Pozzi, M., & Molteni, M. (2018) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-018-1123-3 · Cited by 58
“In contrast, MAAS items contain statements regarding actions (Baer et al. 2006; Coffey and Hartman 2008), thus have a more pragmatic content.”
BackgroundExamining the effect of different facets of mindfulness on work engagement
Gunasekara, A. N., & Zheng, C. S.-M. (2018) · Employee Relations · doi:10.1108/er-09-2017-0220 · Cited by 84
Roos, C. R., Pearson, M. R., & Brown, D. B. (2015) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0038529 · Cited by 55
“Thus, the use of more adaptive emotion regulation strategies may explain the relationship between mindfulness and positive health outcomes (Coffey & Hartman, 2008; Shapiro et al., 2006).”
BackgroundDispositional mindfulness in trauma recovery: Prospective relations and mediating mechanisms
Nitzan-Assayag, Y., Aderka, I. M., & Bernstein, A. (2015) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.07.008 · Cited by 53
Pepping, C. A., O’Donovan, A., Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J., & Hanisch, M. (2014) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajpy.12050 · Cited by 58
“Coffey et al. (2010) found the same pattern of results, but extended prior research by also examining mental flourishing as an outcome measure.”
BackgroundResultLow dispositional mindfulness predicts self-medication of negative emotion with prescription opioids
Garland, E. L., Hanley, A. W., Thomas, E. A., Knoll, P., & Ferraro, J. (2015) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0000000000000090 · Cited by 52
“Studies suggest that high levels of dispositional mindfulness are associated with enhanced ability to effectively regulate negative affective states (Coffey & Hartman, 2008).”
BackgroundCheung, R. Y. M., & Lau, E. N.-S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.591103 · Cited by 51
“These processes further promote well-being, meaning in life, and better mental health (Brown and Ryan, 2003; Coffey and Hartman, 2008).”
BackgroundZhang, H., Zhang, A., Liu, C., Xiao, J., & Wang, K. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01618-4 · Cited by 50
“Second, psychological distress may reduce individuals’ ability to cope, further exacerbating their already compromised mental health and overall quality of life (Coffey & Hartman, 2008).”
BackgroundJaiswal, S., Tsai, S., Juan, C.-H., Liang, W., & Muggleton, N. G. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00627 · Cited by 55
“Considering the above mediational, electrophysiological, and fMRI evidence leads the current research to follow the proposal that mindfulness and anxiety may be mediated by the emotion regulation system (worry, reappraisal, non-acceptance, and rumination) through which they may interact in an antagonistic manner (Coff…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialRogge, R. D., & Daks, J. S. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01537-w · Cited by 50
“…work identifying emotion regulation deficits and rumination as mechanisms linking mindfulness to psychological health (e.g., Alleva et al. 2014; Coffey and Hartman 2008; McDonald et al. 2016; Prakash et al. 2015) and extend that work by identifying 6 distinct mindful and mindless emotion…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThe Influence of Therapist Mindfulness Practice on Psychotherapeutic Work: A Mixed-Methods Study
Keane, A. (2013) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-013-0223-9 · Cited by 62
Verhaeghen, P. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0959-3 · Cited by 52
“…concept is often theorized as a mediator in mindfulness contexts (e.g., Chiesa et al. 2013; Teper et al. 2013), but rarely investigated as such (see Coffey and Hartman 2008; Coffey et al. 2010, for an exception—they found that selfregulation mediates between mindfulness on the one hand and…”
BackgroundPoon, K., & Jiang, Y. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01313-w · Cited by 57
Whitehead, R. E., Bates, G. W., & Elphinstone, B. (2019) · Journal of Adult Development · doi:10.1007/s10804-018-09326-5 · Cited by 52
Jaiswal, S., Tsai, S., Juan, C.-H., Muggleton, N. G., & Liang, W. (2019) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsz038 · Cited by 50
“(Coffey and Hartman, 2008), which are often reported to modulate executive functions.”
BackgroundThe Experience of Racism on Behavioral Health Outcomes: the Moderating Impact of Mindfulness
Zapolski, T. C. B., Faidley, M. T., & Beutlich, M. R. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0963-7 · Cited by 53
“2009), lower levels of psychological distress (Coffey and Hartman 2008; Masuda and Tully 2012), decreases in depressive symptomatology (Kuyken et al.”
BackgroundMediation role of individual strengths in dispositional mindfulness and mental health
Duan, W. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.078 · Cited by 48
Duan, W., & Ho, S. M. Y. (2017) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-017-9864-z · Cited by 51
Gilbert, B. D., & Christopher, M. S. (2010) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-009-9282-6 · Cited by 45
“One such measure of trait-like mindfulness, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown and Ryan 2003), has evidenced inverse relationships with overall depression symptoms (Brown and Ryan 2003; Coffey and Hartman 2008), depressed affect (Brown and Ryan 2003; Zvolensky et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialKechter, A., Black, D. S., Riggs, N. R., Warren, C. M., Ritt‐Olson, A., Chou, C.-P., & Pentz, M. A. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-018-01313-4 · Cited by 54
Mindfulness and Mental Health Among African American College Students
Masuda, A., Anderson, P. L., & Sheehan, S. T. (2009) · Complementary health practice review · doi:10.1177/1533210110363893 · Cited by 48
“…distress in stressful interpersonal and emergency situations (Beitel, Ferrer, & Cecero, 2005), to fairly stable traits, such as rumination (Coffey & Hartman, 2008), and from specific symptoms of depression and anxiety (e.g., Brown & Ryan, 2003) to nonspecific psychological symptoms (Baer…”
BackgroundBracing Later and Coping Better: Benefits of Mindfulness During a Stressful Waiting Period
Sweeny, K. M., & Howell, J. L. (2017) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167217713490 · Cited by 41
“Trait mindfulness tends to co-occur with other characteristic adaptations to stress, including superior emotion regulation (Coffey & Hartman, 2008), low neuroticism (Giluk, 2009), low trait negative affect (Giluk, 2009), low esteem contingency (Coffey, Hartman, & Fredrickson, 2010), high emotional…”
Backgroundde la Fuente, J., Mañas, I. M., Franco, C., Cangas, A. J., & Ayala, E. S. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15102230 · Cited by 48
“Extensive descriptions of MBIs as well as their underlying mechanisms of change can be found elsewhere [14,28,29].”
BackgroundMcLaughlin, L. E., Luberto, C. M., O'Bryan, E. M., Kraemer, K. M., & McLeish, A. C. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.03.020 · Cited by 42
Valikhani, A., Kashani, V. O., Rahmanian, M., Sattarian, R., Kankat, L. R., & Mills, P. J. (2020) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2020.1723006 · Cited by 48
“Coffey and Hartman (2008) proposed three potential mechanisms to demonstrate the beneficial effects of mindfulness on mental health: emotion regulation, decreased rumination, and nonattachment.”
BackgroundThe bidirectional associations between state anger and rumination and the role of trait mindfulness
Borders, A., & Lu, S. (2016) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21693 · Cited by 46
“Moreover, trait rumination mediates the effects of both trait and inducedmindfulness on other types of psychological distress, such as depressive and anxiety symptoms (Coffey & Hartman, 2008; Heeren & Philippot, 2011).”
BackgroundCheng, X., Ma, Y., Li, J., Cai, Y., Li, L., & Zhang, J. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17218212 · Cited by 47
“Some other mediating variables may help explain this relationship, such as attachment style [33], rumination [55] and psychological capital [56].”
BackgroundThe State of Dispositional Mindfulness Research
Karl, J. A., & Fischer, R. D. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01853-3 · Cited by 53
“…of scales (Deng et al., 2012), methodological and statistical questions (A. F. Hayes, 2013; Hu & Bentler, 1999; Podsakoff et al., 2003), wellbeing (Coffey & Hartman, 2008; Weinstein et al., 2009), resilience to trauma (Thompson et al., 2011), social anxiety (Goldin & Gross, 2010), and…”
Letting go of self: the creation of the nonattachment to self scale
Whitehead, R., Bates, G., Elphinstone, B., Yang, Y., & Murray, G. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02544 · Cited by 41
“, 2018), and reduced amounts of negative psychological symptoms such as rumination (Coffey and Hartman, 2008), depression, anxiety, and stress (Sahdra et al, 2010).”
BackgroundPersonal goal setting as a mediator of the relationship between mindfulness and wellbeing
Grégoire, S., Bouffard, T., & Vezeau, C. (2012) · International Journal of Wellbeing · doi:10.5502/ijw.v2.i3.5 · Cited by 40
“This finding is coherent with the results obtained in other correlational studies involving both clinical and non-clinical samples (Brown & Ryan, 2003; Coffey & Hartman, 2008).”
BackgroundResultAssociations of Five Facets of Mindfulness With Self-Regulation in College Students
MacDonald, H. Z. (2021) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294120937438 · Cited by 40
“…and effective expression of their emotions, as well as the possibility of lessening the duration and intensity of negative emotions, in part a result of decreased emotional avoidance and greater desensitization to negative emotional experiences (Brown et al., 2007; Coffey & Hartman 2008).”
BackgroundPetrocchi, S., Iannello, P., Ongaro, G., Antonietti, A., & Pravettoni, G. (2021) · Current psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01601-1 · Cited by 37
Serrano‐Ibáñez, E. R., Corrás, T., del Prado, M., Diz, J., & Varela, C. (2022) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380221082944 · Cited by 49
Wisener, M., & Khoury, B. (2021) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106590 · Cited by 36
Choi, Y., Karremans, J. C., & Barendregt, H. P. (2011) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2011.626788 · Cited by 43
“Mindfulness meditation may enhance the awareness and acceptance of emotional experiences, and may help in managing intense emotional experiences (Coffey & Hartman, 2008 ; Feldman, Hayes, Kumar, Greeson, & Laurenceau, 2007 ).”
BackgroundMechanisms of Action in the Relationship between Mindfulness and Problem Gambling Behaviour
de Lisle, S. M., Dowling, N. A., & Allen, J. S. (2014) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-014-9475-4 · Cited by 44
“These findings provide support for current theoretical models that seek to explain how mindfulness training may impart therapeutic benefit (Bowen et al., 2007; Coffey & Hartman, 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialBhambhani, Y., & Cabral, G. (2015) · Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1177/2156587215607109 · Cited by 37
“Researchers hypothesize that being present centered and cultivating an attitude of acceptance and openness may lead a person to be happy despite whatever happens, thus leading to a reduction in distress.(34) Coffey and Hartman(34) hypothesized that emotional regulation, nonattachment, and rumination together would med…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialFeruglio, S., Matiz, A., Grecucci, A., Pascut, S., Fabbro, F., & Crescentini, C. (2020) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2020.1836178 · Cited by 38
“…that both dispositional mindfulness and mindfulness-based interventions are associated with less maladaptive rumination (Burg & Michalak, 2011; Coffey & Hartman, 2008; Raes & Williams, 2010; Ramel et al., 2004), nevertheless it remains unclear which kind of mindfulness meditation technique is…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Coffey, K. A., & Hartman, M.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Venue
- Complementary Health Practice Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 79-91
- ISSN
- 1533-2101 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1979392351
- Semantic Scholar
- b6075c0ebeccc12de361cb0168be49ea7728aac2
- Cited by
- 345
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 15.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Complementary health practice review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- mindfulness, psychological distress, emotion regulation, non-attachment, rumination, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, mindfulness-based interventions, trait mindfulness, mediation
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