Psychological Well-being and Coping: the Predictive Value of Adult Attachment, Dispositional Mindfulness, and Emotion Regulation
Open accessAbstract
The primary aim of this study was to examine the underlying relationship between adult attachment, dispositional mindfulness, and emotion regulation, and investigate how well these constructs can predict coping and well-being. A university sample of participants ( n = 174) completed an online survey to assess attachment (anxiety, avoidance, disorganized), emotion regulation, dispositional mindfulness, coping behaviors, and psychological well-being. Exploratory factor analysis assessed the underlying relationship between measures of attachment, emotion regulation, and mindfulness, and presented a two-factor solution accounting for 47% of total variance across participant scores. Attachment, mindfulness, and emotion regulation subscales differentially loaded across the two factors. The first factor, “resilient mental functioning,” accounted for 33% of variance; the second factor, “disorganized emotional functioning,” accounted for 14% of total variance. These two extracted factors were used in subsequent mediation modeling to determine the effects of coping behaviors on the relationship between the extracted factors and six subscales of psychological well-being. Mediation analyses revealed that defeatism coping was a significant mediator in the relationship between resilient mental functioning and five of the psychological well-being scales and between disorganized emotional functioning and all six of these scales. The results add to the current understanding of the relationship between all three constructs and are the first to examine the construct of adult disorganized attachment and its possible role in the relationship between adult attachment and dispositional mindfulness, as well as its influence on emotion regulation.
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These findings are consistent with Stevenson et al. (2019), which indicated that the scales of attachment avoidance and disorganization, expressive suppression, act with awareness, and describing load together and uniquely on a factor labelled 'disorganized emotional functioning'.
“These findings are consistent with Stevenson et al. (2019), which indicated that the scales of attachment avoidance and disorganization, expressive suppression, act with awareness, and describing load together and uniquely on a factor labelled 'disorganized emotional functioning' (Stevenson et al., 2019).”
From Facets of Mindfulness Mediate the Relationship Between Attachment Orientation and Emotion Regulation in University Students (2024) · cites this paper as Stevenson et al., 2019
The Relationship Between Attachment, Mindfulness, and Emotion Regulation section identifies all five scales as loading on the factor labelled “disorganized emotional functioning,” and Table 2 lists their loadings on Factor 2. However, the Discussion also describes act with awareness as cross-loading, so the claim that all five load uniquely on that factor is not fully supported. Page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThese findings support the link between attachment disorganization and deficits in mindfulness (act with awareness and describe) and a reliance on maladaptive ER strategies.
“Consistent with Stevenson et al., (2019), , these findings support the link between attachment disorganization and deficits in mindfulness (act with awareness and describe) and a reliance on maladaptive ER strategies.”
From Facets of Mindfulness Mediate the Relationship Between Attachment Orientation and Emotion Regulation in University Students (2024) · cites this paper as Stevenson et al., (2019)
The factor labelled 'disorganized emotional functioning' loaded negatively on mindfulness subscales and positively on attachment avoidance and disorganization and expressive suppression.
“The factor labelled 'disorganized emotional functioning' loaded negatively on mindfulness subscales and positively on attachment avoidance and disorganization and expressive suppression.”
From Facets of Mindfulness Mediate the Relationship Between Attachment Orientation and Emotion Regulation in University Students (2024) · cites this paper as Stevenson et al. (2019)
The current findings support previous research that of the two attachment insecurity dimensions, disorganization shares a greater overlap with attachment avoidance than anxiety.
“however, the current findings support previous research that presents the idea that of the two attachment insecurity dimensions, disorganization shares a greater overlap with attachment avoidance than anxiety (Stevenson et al., 2019)”
From Facets of Mindfulness Mediate the Relationship Between Attachment Orientation and Emotion Regulation in University Students (2024) · cites this paper as Stevenson et al., 2019
The cross-sectional design is particularly challenging for interpreting the direction of effects identified here, given the known relationships between attachment, emotion regulation, and mindfulness.
“This is particularly challenging for interpreting the direction of effects identifies here, given the know relationships between attachment, emotion regulation, and mindfulness (Stevenson et al., 2019).”
From Facets of Mindfulness Mediate the Relationship Between Attachment Orientation and Emotion Regulation in University Students (2024) · cites this paper as Stevenson et al., 2019
Stevenson et al. (2019) found that a two-factor model accounted for 47% of total variance across participant scores; the factor labelled 'resilient mental functioning' had positive loadings on mindfulness subscales, cognitive reappraisal, and negatively loaded onto attachment anxiety.
“Stevenson et al. (2019) explored these independent and underlying relationships utilizing exploratory factor analysis. A two-factor model accounted for 47% of total variance across participant scores. The factor labelled 'resilient mental functioning' had positive loadings on mindfulness subscales, cognitive reappraisal, and negatively loaded onto attachment anxiety.”
From Facets of Mindfulness Mediate the Relationship Between Attachment Orientation and Emotion Regulation in University Students (2024) · cites this paper as Stevenson et al. (2019)
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- Authors
- Stevenson, J. C., Millings, A., & Emerson, L.-M.
- Affiliations
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Stevenson, Jodie C.
- Venue
- Mindfulness
- Published
- 2018-06-19
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 256-271
- ISSN
- 1868-8527 (ISSN-L)
- 1868-8535
- OpenAlex
- W2809523408
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 8.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Mindfulness (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Lincoln Repository (University of Lincoln) (acceptedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- The University of Sheffield (Teaching Studentship)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- adult attachment, trait mindfulness, emotion regulation, coping, psychological well-being, disorganized attachment, attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, mediation
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