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Associations between inadequate sleep and obesity in the US adult population: analysis of the national health interview survey (1977–2009)
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies show a curvilinear relationship between inadequate sleep (< 7 or > 8 hours) and obesity (Body Mass Index > 30 kg/m2), which have enormous public health impact. METHODS: Using data from the National Health Interview Survey, an ongoing nationally representative cross-sectional study of non-institutionalized US adults (≥18 years) (1977 through 2009), we examined the hypothesis that inadequate sleep is independently related to overweight/obesity, with adjustment for socio-demographic, health risk, and medical factors. Self- reported data on health risks, physician-diagnosed medical conditions, sleep duration, and body weight and height were used. RESULTS: Prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 31.2% to 36.9% and 10.2% to 27.7%, respectively. Whereas prevalence of very short sleep (<5 hours) and short sleep (5-6 hours) has increased from 1.7% to 2.4% and from 19.7% to 26.7%, it decreased from 11.6% to 7.8% for long sleep. According to multivariate-adjusted multinomial regression analyses, odds of overweight and obesity associated with very short sleep and short sleep increased significantly from 1977 to 2009. Odds of overweight and obesity conferred by long sleep did not show consistent and significant increases over the years. Analyses based on aggregated data showed very short sleepers had 30% greater odds of being overweight or were twice as likely to be obese, relative to 7-8 hour sleepers. Likewise, short sleepers had 20% greater odds of being overweight or 57% greater odds of being obese. Long sleepers had 20% greater odds of being obese, but no greater odds of being overweight. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the hypothesis that prevalence of very short and short sleep has gradually increased over the last 32 years. Inadequate sleep was associated with overweight and obesity for each available year.
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“Using data from the National Health Interview Survey, investigators examined trends in the prevalence of SSD, finding that it has, in fact, gradually increased, with 21.6% of US adults reporting SSD in 1977 compared with 29.1% in 2009.”
From Sleep Duration and Quality: Impact on Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2016) · cites this paper as [19]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Jean-Louis, G., Williams, N. J., Sarpong, D., Pandey, A., Youngstedt, S., Zizi, F., & Ogedegbe, G.
- Affiliations
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- Jackson State University (US)
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University (US)
- University of South Carolina (US)
- Venue
- BMC Public Health
- Published
- 2014-03-29
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 290-290
- ISSN
- 1471-2458 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3999886
- OpenAlex
- W2025569781
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 9
- FWCI
- 26.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R25HL105444, R01HL095799)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U54NS081765)
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (P60MD003421, P20MD006899, R01MD004113)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- insufficient sleep, sleep duration, obesity, overweight, body mass index, long sleep, temporal trends, United States adults, National Health Interview Survey
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Risk, Sleep, Time Factors, United States, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Multivariate Analysis, Overweight, Young Adult
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