Association of Short Sleep Duration with Weight Gain and Obesity at 1-Year Follow-Up: A Large-Scale Prospective Study
Open accessAbstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between short sleep duration and elevated body mass index (BMI) and obesity in a large sample of Japanese adults over a short period. DESIGN: Prospective design with baseline in 2006 and 1-year follow-up. SETTING: Workplaces of an electric power company in Japan. PARTICIPANTS: 35,247 company employees (31,477 men, 3,770 women) distributed throughout Japan. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Measured weight and height and self-reported sleep duration were obtained at annual health checkup in 2006 and 2007. Weight change was defined as the difference in body mass index (BMI) between the baseline and 1 year later. Relative to the reference category (sleep duration 7-8 h), short sleep duration (< 5 and 5-6 h) and long sleep duration > or = 9 h were associated with an increased risk of weight gain among men after adjustment for covariates. Of the non-obese (BMI < 25) men at baseline, 5.8% became obese (BMI > or = 25) 1 year later. Higher incidence of obesity was observed among the groups with shorter sleep duration. Adjusted odds ratios for the development of obesity were 1.91 (95% CI 1.36, 2.67) and 1.50 (95% CI 1.24, 1.80) in men who slept < 5 and 5-6 h, respectively. No significant association between sleep duration and weight gain or obesity was found for women. CONCLUSIONS: Short sleep duration was associated with weight gain and the development of obesity over 1 year in men, but not in women.
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In a study of male Japanese workers, habitual sleep duration of less than 6 hours was associated with increased likelihood of developing obesity over 1 year.
“In a study of male Japanese workers,46 habitual sleep duration of <6 hours was associated with increased likelihood of developing obesity over the course of 1 year.”
From Sleep Duration and Quality: Impact on Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2016) · cites this paper as [46]
Some adult prospective studies report U- or L-shaped associations, so the link between longer sleep and BMI is conflicting in adults and absent in children.
“U- or L-shaped associations were reported in some adult prospective studies (reviewed in [80]; additional studies: [97, 202]); hence, the relationship between longer sleep and BMI is conflicting in adults and inexistent in children.”
From Sleep and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as [202]
Several longitudinal studies demonstrate that short sleep duration is associated with increased weight gain over time.
“several other studies have longitudinally examined this relationship, demonstrating that short sleep duration is associated with increased weight gain over time.42–46”
From Sleep, Health, and Society (2017) · cites this paper as [42]
Short sleep duration is associated with obesity-related outcomes, including incident weight gain, incident obesity, current body mass index, and current adiposity.
“short sleep duration has been associated with obesity-related outcomes, diabetes-related outcomes, and cardiovascular-related outcomes. Regarding obesity-related outcomes, short sleep duration has been associated with incident weight gain (Kobayashi et al., 2012; Nagai et al., 2013), incident obesity (Watanabe et al., 2010), current body mass index (Patel, 2009), and current adiposity(Chaput et al”
From Addressing sleep disturbances: an opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? (2014) · cites this paper as Watanabe et al., 2010
A U-shaped association between sleep duration and BMI has been reported in other studies.
“A similar U-shaped association has been reported in other studies.19,25”
From Interacting epidemics? Sleep curtailment, insulin resistance, and obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [25]
In epidemiologic work, short sleep has been associated with increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease.
“In epidemiologic work, short sleep has been associated with an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and cardiovascular disease [1],[2], [3] [4], [5] [6], [7] [8], [9].”
From Metabolic effects of sleep disruption, links to obesity and diabetes (2014) · cites this paper as [2]
Epidemiological studies have established an association between decreased self-reported sleep duration and increased incidence of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease.
“Epidemiological studies have established an association between decreased self-reported sleep duration and an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and cardiovascular disease.”
From Metabolic effects of sleep disruption, links to obesity and diabetes (2014) · cites this paper as [2]
Self-reported sleep of less than 6-7 h per night is associated with increased incidence of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and total mortality risk.
“Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that self-reported sleep of less than 6-7 h per night is associated with increased incidence of obesity [1],[2], [3]), diabetes [4], [5], cardiovascular disease [6], [7], and total mortality risk [8], [9].”
From Metabolic effects of sleep disruption, links to obesity and diabetes (2014) · cites this paper as [2]
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- Authors
- Watanabe, M., Kikuchi, H., Tanaka, K., & Takahashi, M.
- Affiliations
- Kitasato University (JP)
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan (JP)
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Watanabe, Mayumi
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 161-167
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- PMC
- PMC2817903
- OpenAlex
- W119192715
- Cited by
- 263
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 28.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- short sleep duration, obesity, weight gain, body mass index, sex differences, Japanese adults, workplace health checkups, sleep duration
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Surveys, Humans, Japan, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Prospective Studies, Sleep Deprivation, Statistics as Topic, Weight Gain, Health Behavior, Body Mass Index, Incidence
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