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Cited by 324Sleep and related disordersSleep and Work-Related FatigueCircadian rhythm and melatonin

Long sleep and mortality: rationale for sleep restriction

Youngstedt, Shawn D., Kripke, Daniel F.·2004·Sleep Medicine Reviews
DOI 10.1016/j.smrv.2003.10.002
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Abstract

Epidemiologic studies have consistently shown that sleeping >8 h per night is associated with increased mortality. Indeed, the most recent American Cancer Society data of 1.1 million respondents showed that sleeping longer than 7.5 h was associated with approximately 5% of the total mortality of the sample. The excess mortality was found even after controlling for 32 potentially confounding risk factors. Although epidemiologic data cannot prove that long sleep duration causes mortality, there is sufficient evidence to warrant future testing of the hypothesis that mild sleep restriction would decrease mortality in long sleepers. Sleep restriction might resemble dietary restriction as a potential aid to survival. Sleep restriction has several potential benefits besides possible enhanced survival. Acute sleep restriction can have dramatic antidepressant effects. Also, chronic sleep restriction is perhaps the most effective treatment for primary insomnia. Conversely, spending excessive time in bed can elicit daytime lethargy and exacerbate sleep fragmentation, resulting in a vicious cycle of further time in bed and further sleep fragmentation. Sleep restriction may be most beneficial for older adults, who tend to spend excessive time in bed and have more sleep fragmentation compared with young adults.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.smrv.2003.10.002

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  • Sleep duration and mortality are associated in a U-shaped fashion, with lowest risk at 7-8 hours and increased risk with deviation.

    “Sleep duration and mortality are associated in a U-shaped fashion, where lowest risk is usually found in those who sleep between 7-8 hours, and mortality risk increasing with further deviation on either end of the range.”

    From Sleep: important considerations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2016) · cites this paper as [13]

  • There is still a lack of clarity on the biological plausibility of the long sleep relationship, although some ideas have been proposed.

    “Also, there is still a lack of clarity on the biological plausibility of the long sleep relationship, although some ideas have been proposed.37,38”

    From Sleep, Health, and Society (2017) · cites this paper as [37]

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Authors
Youngstedt, S. D., & Kripke, D. F.
Affiliations
  • University of South Carolina (US)
  • University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author
Youngstedt, Shawn D.
ORCID
Kripke, Daniel F.
Venue
Sleep Medicine Reviews
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2004-06
Volume
8
Issue
3
Pages
159-174
ISSN
1087-0792 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.smrv.2003.10.002
OpenAlex
W2081485580
Cited by
324
References
105
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 17
FWCI
13.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Sleep Medicine Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute on Aging (R01AG012364, AG-12364)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-71560, R01HL071560)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Keywords
long sleep, mortality, sleep restriction, excessive sleep, time in bed, sleep fragmentation, insomnia treatment, dietary restriction, older adults
MeSH terms
Aging, Antidepressive Agents, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Sleep Wake Disorders, Time Factors, Polysomnography

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