Vitamin C in Human Health and Disease Is Still a Mystery? An Overview
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Ascorbic acid is one of the important water soluble vitamins. It is essential for collagen, carnitine and neurotransmitters biosynthesis. Most plants and animals synthesize ascorbic acid for their own requirement. However, apes and humans can not synthesize ascorbic acid due to lack of an enzyme gulonolactone oxidase. Hence, ascorbic acid has to be supplemented mainly through fruits, vegetables and tablets. The current US recommended daily allowance (RDA) for ascorbic acid ranges between 100-120 mg/per day for adults. Many health benefits have been attributed to ascorbic acid such as antioxidant, anti-atherogenic, anti-carcinogenic, immunomodulator and prevents cold etc. However, lately the health benefits of ascorbic acid has been the subject of debate and controversies viz., Danger of mega doses of ascorbic acid? Does ascorbic acid act as a antioxidant or pro-oxidant? Does ascorbic acid cause cancer or may interfere with cancer therapy? However, the Panel on dietary antioxidants and related compounds stated that the in vivo data do not clearly show a relationship between excess ascorbic acid intake and kidney stone formation, pro-oxidant effects, excess iron absorption. A number of clinical and epidemiological studies on anti-carcinogenic effects of ascorbic acid in humans did not show any conclusive beneficial effects on various types of cancer except gastric cancer. Recently, a few derivatives of ascorbic acid were tested on cancer cells, among them ascorbic acid esters showed promising anticancer activity compared to ascorbic acid. Ascorbyl stearate was found to inhibit proliferation of human cancer cells by interfering with cell cycle progression, induced apoptosis by modulation of signal transduction pathways. However, more mechanistic and human in vivo studies are needed to understand and elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-carcinogenic property of ascorbic acid. Thus, though ascorbic acid was discovered in 17th century, the exact role of this vitamin/nutraceutical in human biology and health is still a mystery in view of many beneficial claims and controversies.
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Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a powerful antioxidant that can have beneficial effects on delaying the aging process and age-related diseases through its action on redox oxidative and mitochondrial pathways, immune system, inflamm-aging, endothelial integrity, and lipoprotein metabolism.
“Vitamin C or ascorbic acid (AA) is a powerful antioxidant that can have beneficial effects on delaying the aging process and age-related diseases thorough its action on redox oxidative and mitochondrial pathways, on the immune system, on inflamm-aging, on endothelial integrity, and on lipoprotein metabolism [114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121].”
From The Role of Antioxidants in the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Senescence (2022) · cites this paper as [114]
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Jayedi, A., Rashidy-Pour, A., Parohan, M., Zargar, M. S., & Shab-Bidar, S. (2018) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmy040 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Hininger, I., Waters, R., Osman, M., Garrel, C., Fernholz, K., Roussel, A. M., & Anderson, R. A. (2005) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.02.016 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Trends in Natural Nutrients for Oxidative Stress and Cell Senescence
Omidifar, N., moghadami, M., Mousavi, S. M., Hashemi, S. A., Gholami, A., Shokripour, M., & Sohrabi, Z. (2021) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2021/7501424 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Purpura, M., Jäger, R., Godavarthi, A., Bhaskarachar, D., & Tinsley, G. M. (2024) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-024-03487-8 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
- Authors
- Naidu, K. A.
- Affiliations
- Central Food Technological Research Institute (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Naidu, K Akhilender
- Venue
- Nutrition Journal
- Published
- 2003-08-21
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 7-7
- ISSN
- 1475-2891 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC201008
- OpenAlex
- W2109106143
- Cited by
- 810
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 66 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 11.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nutrition Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CFTRI Institutional Repository (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- University of South Florida
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Keywords
- vitamin C, collagen synthesis, gulonolactone oxidase, dietary supplementation, recommended daily allowance, antioxidant activity, pro-oxidant activity, cancer prevention, gastric cancer, ascorbic acid esters, anticancer activity, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, immunomodulation, cold prevention, kidney stone formation, iron absorption, nutraceuticals
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