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Reduced serum concentrations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in children with autism: Relation to autoimmunity
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Aside from the skeletal health affection, vitamin D deficiency has been implicated as a potential environmental factor triggering for some autoimmune disorders. Vitamin D might play a role in the regulation of the production of auto-antibodies. Immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D may act not only through modulation of T-helper cell function, but also through induction of CD4(+)CD25(high) regulatory T-cells. We are the first to investigate the relationship between serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D and anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (anti-MAG) auto-antibodies in autistic children. METHODS: Serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D and anti-MAG auto-antibodies were measured in 50 autistic children, aged between 5 and 12 years, and 30 healthy-matched children. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels 10-30 ng/mL and < 10 ng/mL were defined as vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency, respectively. RESULTS: Autistic children had significantly lower serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D than healthy children (P < 0.001) with 40% and 48% being vitamin D deficient and insufficient, respectively. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D had significant negative correlations with Childhood Autism Rating Scale (P < 0.001). Increased levels of serum anti-MAG auto-antibodies were found in 70% of autistic patients. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels had significant negative correlations with serum levels of anti-MAG auto-antibodies (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency was found in some autistic children and this deficiency may contribute to the induction of the production of serum anti-MAG auto-antibodies in these children. However, future studies looking at a potential role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology and treatment of autism are warranted.
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“Of 14 studies, nine reported significant differences in 25(OH)D concentrations between cases and controls [78,81,108,109,110,111,112,117,118], one borderline difference [114], and four found no significant differences among study groups [79,113,115,116].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [109]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, 25(OH)D concentrations correlated negatively with CARS scores, (r = −0.84, p < 0.001) and anti-MAG anti-autoantibodies (r = −0.86, p < 0.001).”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [109]
In the citing paper
“Cases also had significantly higher anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (anti-MAG) anti-autoantibodies than controls.”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [109]
In the citing paper
“Children with ASD displayed significantly lower 25(OH)D concentration than healthy controls.”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [109]
In the citing paper
“Similarly, Mostafa and Al-Ayadi (2012) collected all blood samples from Saudi Arabian children with ASD and healthy controls during summer months [109].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [109]
In the citing paper
“While 40% of children with ASD had 25(OH)D concentrations <25 nmol/L, no one from control group had 25(OH)D concentrations in that range.”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [109]
In the citing paper
“Children on the severe end of the spectrum had significantly higher anti-MAG anti-autoantibodies levels than those with mild/moderate ASD.”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [109]
In the citing paper
“Mostafa and Al-Ayadi reported significantly higher proportion of children with ASD having anti-MAG antiautoantibodies, anti-ganglioside M1, anti-neuronal and anti-nuclear antibodies than typically developing controls, that positively correlated with the severity of autism symptoms (CARS scores) [109,165,166,167].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [109]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, anti-MAG antiautoantibodies correlated negatively with serum 25(OH)D concentrations (r = −0.86, p < 0.001) [109], and anti-nuclear antibody positive healthy controls were significantly more likely to be deficient in vitamin D than antibody negative healthy controls (71% vs. 22%, respectively, p = 0.003) [172].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [109]
In the citing paper
“Mostafa and Al-Ayadi reported significantly higher proportion of children with ASD having anti-MAG antiautoantibodies, anti-ganglioside M1, anti-neuronal and anti-nuclear antibodies than typically developing controls, that positively correlated with the severity of autism symptoms (CARS scores) [109,165,166,167].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [109]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Mostafa, G. A., & AL-Ayadhi, L. Y.
- Affiliations
- King Saud University (SA)
- Corresponding author
- Mostafa, Gehan A
- ORCID
- AL-Ayadhi, Laila Y
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroinflammation
- Published
- 2012-08-17
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 201-201
- ISSN
- 1742-2094 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3476426
- OpenAlex
- W2109361390
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 9.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroinflammation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology
- National Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, vitamin D deficiency, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein antibodies, autoimmunity, vitamin D insufficiency, immunomodulation, regulatory T cells, Childhood Autism Rating Scale, children
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Autoantibodies, Autoimmune Diseases, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency, Biomarkers, Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein
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