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Fruit and vegetable consumption and proinflammatory gene expression from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in young adults: a translational study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Fruits and vegetables are important sources of fiber and nutrients with a recognized antioxidant capacity, which could have beneficial effects on the proinflammatory status as well as some metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease features. The current study assessed the potential relationships of fruit and vegetable consumption with the plasma concentrations and mRNA expression values of some proinflammatory markers in young adults. METHODS: One-hundred and twenty healthy subjects (50 men/70 women; 20.8 +/- 2.6 y; 22.3 +/- 2.8 kg/m2) were enrolled. Experimental determinations included anthropometry, blood pressure and lifestyle features as well as blood biochemical and inflammatory measurements. The mRNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the gene expression concerning selected inflammatory markers was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. Nutritional intakes were estimated by a validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: The highest tertile of energy-adjusted fruit and vegetable consumption (>660 g/d) was associated with lower plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and homocysteine and with lower ICAM1, IL1R1, IL6, TNFalpha and NFkappaB1 gene expression in PBMC (P for trend < 0.05), independently of gender, age, energy intake, physical activity, smoking, body mass index, systolic blood pressure and circulating non-esterified fatty acids. In addition, plasma CRP, homocysteine and TNFalpha concentrations and ICAM1, TNFalpha and NFkappaB1 gene expression in PBMC showed a descending trend as increased fiber intake (>19.5 g/d) from fruits and vegetables (P for trend < 0.05). Furthermore, the participants within the higher tertile (>11.8 mmol/d) of dietary total antioxidant capacity showed lower plasma CRP and mRNA values of ICAM1, IL1R1, IL6, TNFalpha and NFkappaB1 genes (P for trend < 0.05). The inverse association between fruit and vegetable consumption and study proinflammatory markers followed the same trend and remained statistically significant, after the inclusion of other foods/nutrients in the linear regression models. CONCLUSION: A higher fruit and vegetable consumption was independently associated not only with reduced CRP and homocysteine concentrations but also with a lower mRNA expression in PBMC of some relevant proinflammatory markers in healthy young adults.
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“This was first identified by Grimble et al. (649) who showed that the ability of fish oil to lower the LPS-stimulated production of TNF-a by blood mononuclear cells was determined in part by polymorphisms within the TNF-a and TNF-b genes.”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [649]
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InfluentialNutritionally Mediated Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
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“After adjustment for possible confounding factors including age and fiber intake, the highest tertile of fruit and vegetable consumptionwas found to be associatedwith the lowest levels of CRP, homocysteine, ICAM1, interleukin receptor 1 (ILR1), IL6, TNFα, and NFκB gene expression in young adults [86].”
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“For example, young adults included in the higher tertile of FV intake ($660 g/d) had a lower gene expression of NF-kB1 (p50) as well as relevant cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-a, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells((30)).”
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“In addition, oxidative stress is associated with insulin resistance directly through reduction of tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 and indirectly through inducing the production of stress hormone (11).”
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Dietary fibre linked to decreased inflammation in overweight minority youth
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“In healthy adults, consumption of fruits and vegetables (>660 g/day) lowers plasma concentrations of homocysteine and C-reactive protein (CRP) with reduced NFκB1, TNFα, IL6, IL1R1 and ICAM1 gene expression, independent of age, gender, physical activity, energy intake, systolic blood pressure, circulating non-esterifie…”
BackgroundRudkowska, I., Ponton, A., Jacques, H., Lavigne, C., Holub, B. J., Marette, A., & Vohl, M. (2011) · Lifestyle Genomics · doi:10.1159/000330226 · Cited by 26
Folchetti, L. D., Monfort‐Pires, M., de Barros, C. R., Martini, L. A., & Ferreira, S. R. G. (2014) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/1758-5996-6-22 · Cited by 26
“Studies in animal models and humans have provided evidence about the pathways by which micronutrients in FV may induce protective cardiometabolic effects [4,7,15].”
BackgroundThe association between plant-based diet indices and metabolic syndrome in Iranian older adults
Amini, M. R., Shahinfar, H., Djafari, F., Sheikhhossein, F., Naghshi, S., Djafarian, K., Clark, C. C. T., & Shab‐Bidar, S. (2021) · Nutrition and Health · doi:10.1177/0260106021992672 · Cited by 27
“The higher consumption of fruits can have a beneficial effect on reducing an inflammatory marker C-reactive protein, which is related to overall inflammation and oxidative stress (Hermsdorff et al., 2010; Mahoney and Loprinzi, 2014).”
BackgroundAndrade, P. A., Hermsdorff, H. H. M., Leite, J. I. A., Shivappa, N., Hébert, J. R., Henriques, H. K. F., & Rosa, C. D. O. B. (2018) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-018-3530-3 · Cited by 23
Mazidi, M., Kengne, A. P., Katsiki, N., Mikhailidis, D. P., & Banach, M. (2018) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114518002581 · Cited by 21
“A higher intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with a lower risk of CVD((10)), possibly due to the antioxidant properties of several phytochemicals and vitamins that are abundant in fruits and vegetables((11)).”
Κοκκινοπούλου, Ά., & Kafatos, A. (2021) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s0954422421000184 · Cited by 22
“legumes and vegetables that had been associated with a protective effect against CVD, diabetes(50) and blood pressure(51).”
BackgroundBertuccioli, A., & Ninfali, P. (2014) · Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.3233/mnm-140008 · Cited by 20
“The role of the polyphenols seems involved in blocking NF-kB activation and modulation of sub-clinic inflammatory stimuli due to oxidative stress or FA alimentary disequilibrium [61].”
BackgroundInfluentialCarraro, J. C. C., Hermsdorff, H. H. M., Mansego, M. L., Zulet, M. Á., Milagro, F. I., Bressan, J., & Martínez, J. A. (2016) · Lifestyle Genomics · doi:10.1159/000448101 · Cited by 21
Inflammation: a New Player in the Link Between Mediterranean Diet and Diabetes Mellitus: a Review
Koloverou, E., & Panagiotakos, D. B. (2017) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-017-0209-7 · Cited by 19
Shokri, A., Pirouzpanah, S., Foroutan-Ghaznavi, M., Montazeri, V., Fakhrjou, A., Charoudeh, H. N., & Tavoosidana, G. (2019) · Genes & Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12263-019-0645-7 · Cited by 17
Fruit and Juice Epigenetic Signatures Are Associated with Independent Immunoregulatory Pathways
Nicodemus‐Johnson, J., & Sinnott, R. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9070752 · Cited by 18
Boadi, W. Y., Stevenson, C., Johnson, D., & Mohamed, M. A. (2021) · Advances in Biological Chemistry · doi:10.4236/abc.2021.116019 · Cited by 15
“Thus, consumption of foods containing polyphenols may help reduce the causes of factors related to the metabolic syndrome [18] [19] [20] and those associated with the anti-inflammatory mechanisms and improved antioxidant capacity [21] [22].”
BackgroundSoveid, N., Barkhidarian, B., Samadi, M., Hatami, M., Gholami, F., Yekaninejad, M. S., Saedisomeolia, A., Karbasian, M., Siadat, S. D., & Mirzaei, K. (2024) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/s12866-024-03534-8 · Cited by 16
“In agreement with our results, one study revealed that the consumption of plant-based foods such as fruits and vegetables could mitigate the levels of IL-6 and other inflammatory markers [51].”
ResultAdherence to plant-based dietary patterns in relation to glioma: a case–control study
Mousavi, S. M., Shayanfar, M., Rigi, S., Mohammad-Shirazi, M., Sharifi, G., & Esmaillzadeh, A. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-01212-7 · Cited by 14
Daily polyphenol intake from fresh fruits in Portugal: contribution from berry fruits
Pinto, P., Cardoso, S. M., Pimpão, R. C., Tavares, L., Ferreira, R. B., & dos Santos, C. N. (2013) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.3109/09637486.2013.816938 · Cited by 14
“An inverse association between fruit and vegetable consumption and proinflammatory markers has been described (Hermsdorff et al., 2010), showing the importance of a diet rich in these types of food for disease prevention and health promotion.”
BackgroundFruit and Vegetables and Health: An Overview
Desjardins, Y. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8560-0_2 · Cited by 14
Firouzabadi, F. D., Jayedi, A., Asgari, E., Akbarzadeh, Z., Janbozorgi, N., Djafarian, K., & Shab‐Bidar, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.735174 · Cited by 13
Shermon, S., Goldfinger, M. S., Morris, A. J., Harper, B. D., Leder, A. N., Santella, A. J., & Krishnamachari, B. (2021) · Chronic Illness · doi:10.1177/17423953211039789 · Cited by 12
“Vegetable consumption appears to have the opposite effect, reducing inflammation with increased consumption.(15,16) Dietary factors are a current focus of public health initiatives, as evidenced by the goals of the US Department of Health and Human Services’ Healthy People initiative.”
BackgroundMyhrstad, M. C. W., de Mello, V. D., Dahlman, I. A., Kolehmainen, M., Paananen, J., Rundblad, A., Carlberg, C., Olstad, O. K., Pihlajamäki, J., Holven, K. B., et al. (2019) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201801405 · Cited by 12
Coelho, R. C. L. A., Hermsdorff, H. H. M., Gomide, R. S., Alves, R. D. M., & Bressan, J. (2016) · Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1590/2359-3997000000229 · Cited by 12
“In turn, fruit intake has been associated with an improvement in lipid profile and reduction in concentrations of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers (9,10).”
BackgroundCarrasco‐Marín, F., Zhao, L., Hébert, J. R., Wirth, M. D., Petermann-Rocha, F. E., Phillips, N., Malcomson, F. C., Mathers, J. C., Ferguson, L. D., Ho, F., et al. (2024) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2024.03.010 · Cited by 10
Ye, J., Kiage, J. N., Arnett, D. K., Bartolucci, A. A., & Kabagambe, E. K. (2011) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/1758-5996-3-24 · Cited by 10
“Indeed, studies have shown that exercise, dietary modifications as well as other lifestyle changes lead to a reduction in serum CRP levels [10,11].”
BackgroundWang, S., Bao, Y., Wang, L., Xie, X., & Lu, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1596806 · Cited by 9
Houghton, C. A. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241713448 · Cited by 9
“showed that biomarkers of inflammation, CRP, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and others, together with homocysteine, were significantly lowered by a diet containing >660 g of (non-organic) vegetables daily [70].”
BackgroundPossa, L. D. O., Hinkelman, J. V., dos Santos, C. A., de Oliveira, C. A., Faria, B. S., Hermsdorff, H. H., & Rosa, C. D. O. B. (2021) · Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2021.111359 · Cited by 7
Belančić, A., Jovanović, G. K., & Majanović, S. K. (2018) · Medicina Fluminensis · doi:10.21860/medflum2018_207350 · Cited by 8
Tabrizi, F. P. F., & Farhangi, M. A. (2021) · Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme · doi:10.1016/j.nupar.2021.06.003 · Cited by 8
Leite-Lais, L., Vale, S. H. D. L., Xavier, C. A., Silva, A. D. A., Aydemir, T. B., & Cousins, R. J. (2016) · Clinical Nutrition Research · doi:10.7762/cnr.2016.5.1.26 · Cited by 8
“Zip3) [26], and in diabetic women with T2DM after (Zip3 vs.”
BackgroundResultLopes, L. L., Rocha, D. M. U. P., da Silva, A., Pelúzio, M. D. C. G., Bressan, J., & Hermsdorff, H. H. M. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2017.1399835 · Cited by 8
“state, and the oxidative stress (1,2), all related to the risk for”
BackgroundKadkhoda, G., Zarkesh, M., Saidpour, A., Oghaz, M. H., Hedayati, M., & Khalaj, A. (2020) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2020.144353 · Cited by 9
Barkhidarian, B., Soveid, N., Samadi, M., Lesani, A., Aghakhani, A., Yekaninejad, M. S., Saedisomeolia, A., Karbasian, M., Siadat, S. D., & Mirzaei, K. (2025) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-025-03671-4 · Cited by 7
“One study, along with our work, revealed that higher consumption of healthy plant foods attenuated serum concentrations of IL-6 and some inflammatory markers [127].”
Jennen, D. G. J., van Leeuwen, D. M., Hendrickx, D. M., Gottschalk, R. W. H., van Delft, J. H. M., & Kleinjans, J. C. S. (2015) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00145 · Cited by 7
Mixed carotenoid supplementation and dysmetabolic obesity: gaps in knowledge
Canas, J. A. (2020) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/09637486.2020.1852193 · Cited by 7
“blood pressure and circulating non-esterified fatty acids (Hermsdorff et al. 2010).”
BackgroundSilveira, B. K. S., de Novaes, J. F., Reis, N. D. A., Lourenço, L. P., Capobiango, A. H. M., Leal, A. C. G., & Hermsdorff, H. H. M. (2019) · doi:10.12691/jfnr-7-2-6 · Cited by 7
“The higher intake of fruits and vegetables characterizes healthier eating patterns and lower chronic diseases risk [59,65], because they provide micronutrients, fibers, anti-antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds with cardioprotective effect, leading to reduction of oxidative stress, subclinical inflammation and…”
BackgroundZhou, M. G., Cai, B., Xiao, Q., Zou, H., Zeng, X., Zhao, J., & Zhu, X. (2024) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.25336 · Cited by 6
“13,14 Previous studies have shown that diets high in fruits and vegetables are associated with lower levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), 15 whereas diets high in re fi ned grains, red meat, and butter have positive association with higher levels of CRP and interleukin-6 (IL-6).”
Cheng, E., Hong, C., Ergas, I. J., Caan, B. J., Kwan, M. L., Roh, J. M., Cheng, T. D., Sharma, N. J., Hanson, J. R., Minderman, H., et al. (2025) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114525000856 · Cited by 6
Hybrid Dietary-Blood Inflammatory Profiles and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study
Stasiewicz, B., Wądołowska, L., Biernacki, M., Słowińska, M. A., & Drozdowski, M. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12113503 · Cited by 6
“[24,25] indicated that the consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes and nuts was associated with decreased serum concentrations of CRP.”
BackgroundBoadi, W. Y., Myles, E. L., & Garcia, A. S. (2019) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2019.1616234 · Cited by 6
Effect of the Flavonoid Quercetin on Adipocytes
Swick, J. (2023) · ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · doi:10.7275/2208765 · Cited by 6
Hermsdorff, H. H. M., Zulet, M. Á., & Martínez, J. A. (2011) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.013607 · Cited by 6
Li, R., Zhan, W., Huang, X., Wang, J., Lv, S., Liang, L., Zhang, F., & Ma, Y. (2021) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.14024 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Hermsdorff, H. H. M., Zulet, M. Á., Puchau, B., & Martínez, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Navarra (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Martínez, José Alfredo
- Venue
- Nutrition & Metabolism
- Published
- 2010-05-13
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 42-42
- ISSN
- 1743-7075 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2882916
- OpenAlex
- W2161028038
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 11.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Nutrition & Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deposito Adademico Digital Universidad De Navarra (University of Navarra) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Universidad de Navarra (LE/97)
- Gobierno de Navarra
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- fruit and vegetable intake, dietary fiber, pro-inflammatory gene expression, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, TNF-α, NFKB1, ICAM-1, IL-1 receptor, interleukin-6, total antioxidant capacity, young adults, inflammation
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