CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 229Consumer Attitudes and Food LabelingNutritional Studies and DietNutrition, Health and Food Behavior

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Prospective association between ultra-processed food consumption and incident depressive symptoms in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort

Open access
Adjibade, Moufidath, Julia, Chantal, Allès, Benjamin, Touvier, Mathilde, Lemogne, Cédric, Srour, Bernard, Hercberg, Serge, Galan, Pilar, Assmann, Karen E., Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle·2019·BMC Medicine
DOI 10.1186/s12916-019-1312-yPMC PMC6463641
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has increased over the last decades in Westernized countries. Our objective was to investigate for the first time the association between the proportion of UPF (%UPF) in the diet and incident depressive symptoms in the NutriNet-Santé cohort. METHODS: The sample included 20,380 women and 6350 men (aged 18-86 years) without depressive symptoms at the first Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) measurement, using validated cut-offs (CES-D score ≥ 17 for men and ≥ 23 for women). The proportion of UPF in the diet was computed for each subject using the NOVA classification applied to dietary intakes collected by repeated 24-h records (mean = 8; SD = 2.3). The association between UPF and depressive symptoms was evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Over a mean follow-up of 5.4 years, 2221 incident cases of depressive symptoms were identified. After accounting for a wide range of potential confounders, an increased risk of depressive symptoms was observed with an increased %UPF in the diet. In the main model adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, body mass index, and lifestyle factors, the estimated hazard ratio for a 10% increase in UPF was 1.21 (95% confidence interval = 1.15-1.27). Considering %UPF in food groups, the association was significant only for beverages and sauces or added fats. CONCLUSION: Overall, UPF consumption was positively associated with the risk of incident depressive symptoms, suggesting that accounting for this non-nutritional aspect of the diet could be important for mental health promotion.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1186/s12916-019-1312-y

Cites

53 of 53 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Fig. 1 Flow chart of participant selection. CES-D Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale
Fig. 1 Flow chart of participant selection. CES-D Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression ScaleCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 Association between ultra-processed food intake and incident depressive symptoms in population subgroups. Values are hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). BMI body max index; BMR basal metabolic rate; CES-D Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; EI energy intake. Model was adjusted for sex, age, marital status, educational level, occupational categories, household income per consumption unit, residential area, number of 24-h dietary records, inclusion month, energy intake without alcohol, alcohol intake, body max index, smoking status, and physical activity (main model)
Fig. 2 Association between ultra-processed food intake and incident depressive symptoms in population subgroups. Values are hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). BMI body max index; BMR basal metabolic rate; CES-D Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; EI energy intake. Model was adjusted for sex, age, marital status, educational level, occupational categories, household income per consumption unit, residential area, number of 24-h dietary records, inclusion month, energy intake without alcohol, alcohol intake, body max index, smoking status, and physical activity (main model)CC BY · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Le Moullec N, Deheeger M, Preziosi P, Monteiro P, Valeix P, Rolland-Cachera M, et al. Validation of the photo manual used for the collection of dietary data in the SU.VI.MAX study. Cah Nutr Diététique. 1996;31:158-64.
  2. NutriNet-Santé coordination. Table de composition des aliments - Etude NutriNet-Santé. Paris: Economica; 2013.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 229

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Adjibade, M., Julia, C., Allès, B., Touvier, M., Lemogne, C., Srour, B., Hercberg, S., Galan, P., Assmann, K. E., & Kesse-Guyot, E.
Affiliations
Inserm (FR)
Corresponding author
Adjibade, Moufidath
ORCID
Venue
BMC Medicine
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2019-04-15
Volume
17
Issue
1
Pages
78-78
ISSN
1741-7015 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s12916-019-1312-y
PMC
PMC6463641
OpenAlex
W2935870862
Cited by
227
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 22 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 6
FWCI
21.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMC Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
  • Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Keywords
ultra-processed foods, depressive symptoms, incident depression, NOVA classification, diet and mental health, NutriNet-Santé cohort, beverages, dietary intake
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Depression, Diet, Female, France, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, Fast Foods

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review