Testing the leadership and organizational change for implementation (LOCI) intervention in substance abuse treatment: a cluster randomized trial study protocol

Aarons, Gregory A.; Ehrhart, Mark G.; Moullin, Joanna C.; Torres, Elisa M.; Green, Amy E.

doi:10.1186/s13012-017-0562-3

Cited by 160Health Policy Implementation ScienceOrganizational Change and LeadershipSubstance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes

Testing the leadership and organizational change for implementation (LOCI) intervention in substance abuse treatment: a cluster randomized trial study protocol

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Aarons, Gregory A., Ehrhart, Mark G., Moullin, Joanna C., Torres, Elisa M., Green, Amy E.·2017·Implementation Science

DOI 10.1186/s13012-017-0562-3PMC PMC5335741

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Evidence-based practice (EBP) implementation represents a strategic change in organizations that requires effective leadership and alignment of leadership and organizational support across organizational levels. As such, there is a need for combining leadership development with organizational strategies to support organizational climate conducive to EBP implementation. The leadership and organizational change for implementation (LOCI) intervention includes leadership training for workgroup leaders, ongoing implementation leadership coaching, 360° assessment, and strategic planning with top and middle management regarding how they can support workgroup leaders in developing a positive EBP implementation climate. METHODS: This test of the LOCI intervention will take place in conjunction with the implementation of motivational interviewing (MI) in 60 substance use disorder treatment programs in California, USA. Participants will include agency executives, 60 program leaders, and approximately 360 treatment staff. LOCI will be tested using a multiple cohort, cluster randomized trial that randomizes workgroups (i.e., programs) within agency to either LOCI or a webinar leadership training control condition in three consecutive cohorts. The LOCI intervention is 12 months, and the webinar control intervention takes place in months 1, 5, and 8, for each cohort. Web-based surveys of staff and supervisors will be used to collect data on leadership, implementation climate, provider attitudes, and citizenship. Audio recordings of counseling sessions will be coded for MI fidelity. The unit of analysis will be the workgroup, randomized by site within agency and with care taken that co-located workgroups are assigned to the same condition to avoid contamination. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) will be used to analyze the data to account for the nested data structure. DISCUSSION: LOCI has been developed to be a feasible and effective approach for organizations to create a positive climate and fertile context for EBP implementation. The approach seeks to cultivate and sustain both effective general and implementation leadership as well as organizational strategies and support that will remain after the study has ended. Development of a positive implementation climate for MI should result in more positive service provider attitudes and behaviors related to the use of MI and, ultimately, higher fidelity in the use of MI. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT03042832 ), 2 February 2017, retrospectively registered.

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Implementation leadership is a malleable organizational characteristic.
“Rigorous assessment of implementation leadership is critical to inform implementation research and practice in this domain as recent studies have shown that implementation leadership is a malleable organizational characteristic [28].”
From Leading the charge in the education sector: development and validation of the School Implementation Leadership Scale (SILS) (2022) · cites this paper as [28]
The Background’s Preliminary studies section reports that a small LOCI pilot found change in leadership behavior, and the LOCI development section describes improving implementation leadership as an intervention goal (page numbers unavailable). This supports the idea that leadership can change, but the paper is a study protocol and does not report a demonstrated change specifically in implementation leadership. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Existing leadership-focused implementation strategies, such as LOCI or iLead, likely have utility for promoting implementation leadership behaviors among principals and other school building-level leaders.
“Existing leadership-focused implementation strategies, such as Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) [28] or iLead [93] also likely have utility for promoting implementation leadership behaviors among principals and other school building-level leaders.”
From Leading the charge in the education sector: development and validation of the School Implementation Leadership Scale (SILS) (2022) · cites this paper as [28]
EPIS was used to code qualitative data and select quantitative survey measures in the LOCI study.
“In addition, to the developed implementation model and implementation strategy, EPIS was used to code qualitative data and select quantitative survey measures.”
From Ten recommendations for using implementation frameworks in research and practice (2020) · cites this paper as [55]
The LOCI intervention employed the EPIS framework to select key implementation determinants to test in a large cluster RCT.
“The Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) intervention employed the EPIS framework to select key implementation determinants to test in a large cluster RCT [55].”
From Ten recommendations for using implementation frameworks in research and practice (2020) · cites this paper as [55]
In the LOCI study, implementation leadership, organizational climate and culture, implementation climate, and psychological safety climate were selected as determinants to test their influence on the fidelity of the EBP being implemented.
“In this study, implementation leadership from first-level team leaders/managers, organizational climate and culture, implementation climate, and psychological safety climate were selected as determinants to test their influence on the fidelity of the EBP being implemented.”
From Ten recommendations for using implementation frameworks in research and practice (2020) · cites this paper as [55]

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Baker, A., KOCHAN, N., Dixon, F., Heather, N., & Woadk, A. (1994) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540129408258670 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Process improvement needs in substance abuse treatment: Admissions walk-through results
Ford, J. H., Green, C. A., Hoffman, K. A., Wisdom, J. P., Riley, K. J., Bergmann, L., & Molfenter, T. D. (2007) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2007.02.003 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Leadership, Organizational Climate, and Working Alliance in a Children’s Mental Health Service System
Green, A. E., Albanese, B. J., Cafri, G., & Aarons, G. A. (2013) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-013-9668-5 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citation
Developing first-level leaders.
Priestland, A., & Hanig, R. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Validation of the Implementation Leadership Scale (ILS) in Substance use Disorder Treatment Organizations
Aarons, G. A., Ehrhart, M. G., Torres, E. M., Finn, N. K., & Roesch, S. C. (2016) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2016.05.004 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citation
Cross-Classified and Multiple-Membership Models
Beretvas, S. N. (2015) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203848852.ch16 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Improving Quality of Care in Substance Abuse Treatment Using Five key Process Improvement Principles
Hoffman, K. A., Green, C. A., Ford, J. H., Wisdom, J. P., Gustafson, D. H., & McCarty, D. W. (2012) · The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research · doi:10.1007/s11414-011-9270-y · Cited by 41 · see citing works
A multidisciplinary meta-analysis of human barriers to technology implementation.
Rizzuto, T. E., & Reeves, J. (2007) · Consulting psychology journal · doi:10.1037/1065-9293.59.3.226 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Assessing motivational interviewing integrity for group interventions with adolescents.
D’Amico, E. J., Osilla, K. C., Miles, J. N. V., Ewing, B. A., Sullivan, K., Katz, K., & Hunter, S. B. (2012) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0027987 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Turning Child and Adolescent Mental-Health Services into Learning Organizations
Birleson, P. (1999) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104599004002011 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
A Strategy for Assessing Costs of Implementing New Practices in the Child Welfare System: Adapting the English Cost Calculator in the United States
Chamberlain, P., Snowden, L. R., Padgett, C., Saldana, L., Roles, J., Holmes, L., Ward, H., Soper, J., Reid, J., & Landsverk, J. (2011) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-010-0318-8 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Developing individual leaders is not enough
Shortell, S. M. (2002) · Journal of Health Services Research & Policy · doi:10.1258/135581902320432705 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Enhancing Organizational Change and Improvement Prospects: Lessons from an HIV Testing Intervention for Veterans
Sobo, E. J., Bowman, C., Aarons, G. A., Asch, S., & Gifford, A. L. (2008) · Human Organization · doi:10.17730/humo.67.4.6p5778357w511757 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citation
From bench to bedside: Methods that help clinicians use evidence-based practice
Dadich, A. (2010) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00050060903353004 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Motivational Interviewing in Practice
Tooley, E. M. (2012) · HELIN Digital Commons · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

[24]Bass BM Avolio BJ Pasmore W Woodman RW The implications of transformational and transactional leadership for individual, team, and organizational development Research in organizational change and development 1990 Greenwich JAI Press 231 72
[41]Rogers EM Diffusions of innovations 1995 4 New York The Free Press

Sorted by citations

Systematic review of the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) framework
Moullin, J. C., Dickson, K. S., Stadnick, N. A., Rabin, B., & Aarons, G. A. (2019) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-018-0842-6 · Cited by 1,223 · see citing works
Self-citation
Ten recommendations for using implementation frameworks in research and practice
Moullin, J. C., Dickson, K. S., Stadnick, N. A., Albers, B., Nilsen, P., Broder-Fingert, S., Mukasa, B., & Aarons, G. A. (2020) · Implementation Science Communications · doi:10.1186/s43058-020-00023-7 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Self-citation
Assessing organizational implementation context in the education sector: confirmatory factor analysis of measures of implementation leadership, climate, and citizenship
Lyon, A. R., Cook, C. R., Brown, E. C., Locke, J., Davis, C., Ehrhart, M., & Aarons, G. A. (2018) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-017-0705-6 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Self-citation
From Evidence to Impact: Joining Our Best School Mental Health Practices with Our Best Implementation Strategies
Lyon, A. R., & Bruns, E. J. (2019) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-018-09306-w · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Testing a theory of strategic implementation leadership, implementation climate, and clinicians’ use of evidence-based practice: a 5-year panel analysis
Williams, N. J., Wolk, C. B., Becker‐Haimes, E. M., & Beidas, R. S. (2020) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-020-0970-7 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
“The LOCI intervention [30, 98], which targets implementation leadership and EBP implementation climate through training and coaching for first-level leaders along with consultation with executives, has shown promise in pilot research and is currently under Williams et al.”
BackgroundResultInfluential
The mechanics of implementation strategies and measures: advancing the study of implementation mechanisms
Lewis, C. C., Klasnja, P., Lyon, A. R., Powell, B. J., Lengnick‐Hall, R., Buchanan, G. J. R., Meza, R. D., Chan, M. C., Boynton, M. H., & Weiner, B. J. (2022) · Implementation Science Communications · doi:10.1186/s43058-022-00358-3 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Individual and organizational factors that affect implementation of evidence-based practices for children with autism in public schools: a cross-sectional observational study
Locke, J. J., Lawson, G. M., Beidas, R. S., Aarons, G. A., Xie, M., Lyon, A. R., Stahmer, A. C., Seidman, M., Frederick, L., Oh, C., et al. (2019) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-019-0877-3 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citation
Forms and functions of bridging factors: specifying the dynamic links between outer and inner contexts during implementation and sustainment
Lengnick‐Hall, R., Stadnick, N. A., Dickson, K. S., Moullin, J. C., & Aarons, G. A. (2021) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-021-01099-y · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citation
Designing the Future of Children’s Mental Health Services
Lyon, A. R., Dopp, A. R., Brewer, S. K., Kientz, J. A., & Munson, S. A. (2020) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-020-01038-x · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Provider REport of Sustainment Scale (PRESS): development and validation of a brief measure of inner context sustainment
Moullin, J. C., Sklar, M., Ehrhart, M. G., Green, A., & Aarons, G. A. (2021) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-021-01152-w · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citation
The relationship between first-level leadership and inner-context and implementation outcomes in behavioral health: a scoping review
Meza, R. D., Triplett, N. S., Woodard, G. S., Martin, P., Khairuzzaman, A. N., Jamora, G., & Dorsey, S. (2021) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-021-01104-4 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“Aarons et al. 2017 [45] IL OC N/a Obs MH NI OrgCli of involvement and performance feedback were highest when leaders rated their IL low and providers rated leaders’ IL high.”
Background
Expanding the reach of psychological science through implementation science: Introduction to the special issue.
Stirman, S. W., & Beidas, R. S. (2020) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000774 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“Its typical focus benefits from understanding behavior change, and implementation researchers have applied core findings from psychological science to our understanding of motivation, leadership, and attitudes (Aarons et al., 2009, 2010, 2017; Fishman et al., 2018).”
Background
Testing the leadership and organizational change for implementation (LOCI) intervention in Norwegian mental health clinics: a stepped-wedge cluster randomized design study protocol
Egeland, K. M., Skar, A. S., Endsjø, M., Laukvik, E. H., Bækkelund, H., Babaii, A., Granly, L., Husebø, G. K., Borge, R. H., Ehrhart, M. G., et al. (2019) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-019-0873-7 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“, clinic) general leadership and implementation leadership combined with the development, adaptation, and use of organizational strategies to create a positive strategic organizational climate to support EBP implementation and sustainment [6].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Development and testing of the Measure of Innovation-Specific Implementation Intentions (MISII) using Rasch measurement theory
Moullin, J. C., Ehrhart, M. G., & Aarons, G. A. (2018) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-018-0782-1 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citation
Staff-reported barriers and facilitators to the implementation of healthcare interventions within regional and rural areas: a rapid review
Chapman, A., Buccheri, A., Mohotti, D., Shee, A. W., Huggins, C. E., Alston, L. V., Hutchinson, A. M., Yoong, S. L., Beks, H., Namara, K. M., et al. (2025) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-025-12480-8 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“Regional and rural healthcare services should focus on fostering strong leadership and building internal capacity to drive implementation efforts and ensure that healthcare staff are adequately supported throughout the implementation process [80].”
Implementation of school-based services for students with autism: Barriers and facilitators across urban and rural districts and phases of implementation
Suhrheinrich, J., Melgarejo, M., Root, B. V., Aarons, G. A., & Brookman-Frazee, L. I. (2021) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613211016729 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“The LOCI intervention has been used to train leadership in healthcare organizations to create a climate that supports the use of EBPs in healthcare agencies and to improve implementation outcomes (Aarons et al., 2015, 2017).”
MethodSelf-citation
Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well-being
da Silva, J. A. M., Mininel, V. A., Agreli, H. L. F., Peduzzi, M., Harrison, R., & Xyrichis, A. (2022) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013850.pub2 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
A stepped-wedge randomized trial investigating the effect of the Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) intervention on implementation and transformational leadership, and implementation climate
Skar, A. S., Braathu, N., Peters, N., Bækkelund, H., Endsjø, M., Babaii, A., Borge, R. H., Wentzel‐Larsen, T., Ehrhart, M. G., Sklar, M., et al. (2022) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-022-07539-9 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citation
Implementation Science in School Mental Health: A 10-Year Progress Update and Development of a New Research Agenda
Lyon, A. R., Connors, E. H., Lawson, G. M., Nadeem, E., & Owens, J. S. (2024) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-024-09731-0 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“…Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI)—a complex implementation strategy to support implementation leadership and climate, developed in mental health and substance use treatment settings (Aarons et al., 2015, 2017)—for elementary school principals (Collins et al., 2024).”
Training in Implementation Practice Leadership (TRIPLE): evaluation of a novel practice change strategy in behavioral health organizations
Proctor, E. K., Ramsey, A. T., Brown, M. T., Malone, S. M., Hooley, C., & McKay, V. (2019) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-019-0906-2 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Prior research has highlighted two types of programs in particular—substance use disorder treatment programs delivering motivational interviewing and mental health clinics delivering interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder—in which evidence-based programs require effective leadership for implementation [7, 8].”
Background
Implementation leadership: A concept analysis
Castiglione, S. A. (2019) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/jonm.12899 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Study protocol for a type III hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial of strategies to implement firearm safety promotion as a universal suicide prevention strategy in pediatric primary care
Beidas, R. S., Ahmedani, B. K., Linn, K. A., Marcus, S. C., Johnson, C., Maye, M. P., Westphal, J. A., Wright, L., Beck, A. L., Buttenheim, A. M., et al. (2021) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-021-01154-8 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Comparative case studies in integrated care implementation from across the globe: a quest for action
Stadnick, N. A., Sadler, E., Sandall, J., Turienzo, C. F., Bennett, I. M., Borkan, J., Oladeji, B. D., Gureje, O., Aarons, G. A., & Sklar, M. (2019) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-019-4661-5 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“strengthen alignment across levels of leadership to support integrated care initiatives [66].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Leading the charge in the education sector: development and validation of the School Implementation Leadership Scale (SILS)
Lyon, A. R., Corbin, C. M., Brown, E. C., Ehrhart, M. G., Locke, J., Davis, C., Picozzi, E., Aarons, G. A., & Cook, C. R. (2022) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-022-01222-7 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citation
EBP Implementation Leadership of Frontline Nurse Managers: Validation of the Implementation Leadership Scale in Acute Care
Shuman, C. J., Ehrhart, M. G., Torres, E. M., Veliz, P., Kath, L. M., VanAntwerp, K., Banaszak‐Holl, J., Titler, M. G., & Aarons, G. A. (2020) · Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing · doi:10.1111/wvn.12402 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citation
LLM-based Conversational AI Therapist for Daily Functioning Screening and Psychotherapeutic Intervention via Everyday Smart Devices
Nie, J., Shao, H., Fan, Y., Shao, Q., You, H., Preindl, M., & Jiang, X. (2025) · ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare · doi:10.1145/3712299 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“MI is an evidence-based practice for substance use disorders and other addiction issues [6, 12].”
The Role of Leadership in Organizational Implementation and Sustainment in Service Agencies
Moullin, J. C., Ehrhart, M. G., & Aarons, G. A. (2017) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731517718361 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citation
Understanding implementation science from the standpoint of health organisation and management: an interdisciplinary exploration of selected theories, models and frameworks
Sarkies, M., Robinson, S., Ludwick, T., Braithwaite, J., Nilsén, P., Aarons, G. A., Weiner, B. J., & Moullin, J. C. (2021) · Journal of Health Organization and Management · doi:10.1108/jhom-02-2021-0056 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citation
Identifying strategies to promote team science in dissemination and implementation research
Aarons, G. A., Reeder, K., Miller, C. J., & Stadnick, N. A. (2019) · Journal of Clinical and Translational Science · doi:10.1017/cts.2019.413 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“For example, the Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation intervention, 56 while designed to create a climate for implementation of evidence-based practices, could be adapted to create a climate for team science in academic settings and in community academic partnerships.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
An observational study of the impact of COVID-19 and the rapid implementation of telehealth on community mental health center providers
Sklar, M., Reeder, K., Carandang, K. M., Ehrhart, M. G., & Aarons, G. A. (2021) · Implementation Science Communications · doi:10.1186/s43058-021-00123-y · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Method Participants and setting Data were collected as part of an ongoing service contract between the UC San Diego and the statewide behavioral health services system in one Midwest state to engage the state and their CMHCs in the Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation strategy [8, 9].”
MethodSelf-citation
Improving measurement-based care implementation in youth mental health through organizational leadership and climate: a mechanistic analysis within a randomized trial
Williams, N. J., Ehrhart, M. G., Aarons, G. A., Esp, S. M., Sklar, M., Carandang, K. M., Vega, N. R., Brookman-Frazee, L. I., & Marcus, S. C. (2024) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-024-01356-w · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citation
Leadership profiles associated with the implementation of behavioral health evidence-based practices for autism spectrum disorder in schools
Stadnick, N. A., Meza, R. D., Suhrheinrich, J., Aarons, G. A., Brookman-Frazee, L. I., Lyon, A. R., Mandell, D. S., & Locke, J. J. (2019) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361319834398 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citation
Implementation Science and Human Service Organizations Research: Opportunities and Challenges for Building on Complementary Strengths
Bunger, A. C., & Lengnick‐Hall, R. (2019) · Human Services Organizations Management Leadership & Governance · doi:10.1080/23303131.2019.1666765 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Otago exercise programme—from evidence to practice: a qualitative study of physiotherapists’ perceptions of the importance of organisational factors of leadership, context and culture for knowledge translation in Norway
Worum, H., Lillekroken, D., Ahlsen, B., Roaldsen, K. S., & Bergland, A. (2020) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-020-05853-8 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Leader–member exchange and organizational climate effects on clinician turnover intentions
Aarons, G. A., Conover, K. L., Ehrhart, M. G., Torres, E. M., & Reeder, K. (2020) · Journal of Health Organization and Management · doi:10.1108/jhom-10-2019-0311 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citation
Linking organizational climate for evidence-based practice implementation to observed clinician behavior in patient encounters: a lagged analysis
Williams, N. J., Becker‐Haimes, E. M., Schriger, S. H., & Beidas, R. S. (2022) · Implementation Science Communications · doi:10.1186/s43058-022-00309-y · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Who Wants Feedback? Effects of Transformational Leadership and Leader-Member Exchange on Mental Health Practitioners’ Attitudes Toward Feedback
Fenwick, K. M., Brimhall, K. C., Hurlburt, M. S., & Aarons, G. A. (2018) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201800164 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Since ongoing supervisory monitoring and feedback are critical for implementation of EBPs and high quality clinical practice, fostering an environment that encourages openness to feedback is essential (3,10).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Implementing a case management intervention for frequent users of the emergency department (I-CaM): an effectiveness-implementation hybrid trial study protocol
Grazioli, V., Moullin, J., Kasztura, M., Canepa-Allen, M., Hugli, O., Griffin, J., Vu, F., Hudon, C., Jackson, Y., Wolff, H., et al. (2019) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-018-3852-9 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citation
Validation of the Implementation Climate Scale in Nursing
Ehrhart, M. G., Shuman, C. J., Torres, E. M., Kath, L. M., Prentiss, A. S., Butler, E., & Aarons, G. A. (2021) · Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing · doi:10.1111/wvn.12500 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citation
Organizational evidence‐based practice culture, implementation leadership, and nurses: A bidirectional mediation model
Hu, S., Liu, S., Xian-feng, L., Zhao, J., Chen, J., Chen, W., & Hu, J. (2024) · International Nursing Review · doi:10.1111/inr.13054 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Moreover, the head nurse’s implementation leadership mutually influences organizational EBP culture (Aarons et al., 2017).”
Translation and linguistic validation of the implementation leadership scale in Chinese nursing context
Hu, J., Gifford, W., Ruan, H., Harrison, D. M., Li, Q., Ehrhart, M. G., & Aarons, G. A. (2019) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/jonm.12768 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citation
Outer-context determinants in the sustainment phase of a reimbursement-driven implementation of evidence-based practices in children’s mental health services
Lui, J. H. L., Brookman-Frazee, L. I., Lind, T., Le, K., Roesch, S. C., Aarons, G. A., Innes-Gomberg, D., Pesanti, K., & Lau, A. S. (2021) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-021-01149-5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
Applying human-centered design to maximize acceptability, feasibility, and usability of mobile technology supervision in Kenya: A mixed methods pilot study protocol
Triplett, N. S., Munson, S., Mbwayo, A., Mutavi, T., Weiner, B. J., Collins, P., Amanya, C., & Dorsey, S. (2021) · Implementation Science Communications · doi:10.1186/s43058-020-00102-9 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Cross-cultural adaption and psychometric investigation of the German version of the Evidence Based Practice Attitude Scale (EBPAS-36D)
Szota, K., Thielemann, J. F. B., Christiansen, H., Rye, M., Aarons, G. A., & Barke, A. (2021) · Health Research Policy and Systems · doi:10.1186/s12961-021-00736-8 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citation
Randomized trial of the leadership and organizational change for implementation (LOCI) strategy in substance use treatment clinics
Aarons, G. A., Sklar, M., Ehrhart, M. G., Roesch, S., Moullin, J. C., & Carandang, K. M. (2024) · Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.josat.2024.209437 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
Organization-level variation in therapists’ attitudes toward and use of measurement-based care
Williams, N. J., Vega, N. R., Esp, S. M., Watts, A., & Marcus, S. C. (2022) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-022-01206-1 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Clinical trials are also underway testing strategies that help leaders and organizations develop climates that support the effective implementation of evidence-based practices (Aarons et al., 2017).”
Background
Required sample size to detect mediation in 3-level implementation studies
Williams, N. J., Preacher, K. J., Allison, P. D., Mandell, D. S., & Marcus, S. C. (2022) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-022-01235-2 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Similar to a protocol by Aarons et al. [39], in this example, an organization-level implementation strategy ( X ) at level 3, is designed to influence a patient-level implementation outcome at level 1 ( Y ) through its effects on a level 2 clinician mediator ( M ).”
BackgroundMethod
Implementation Climate and Time Predict Intensity of Supervision Content Related to Evidence Based Treatment
Pullmann, M. D., Lucid, L., Harrison, J. P., Martin, P., Deblinger, E., Benjamin, K. S., & Dorsey, S. (2018) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2018.00280 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“, (67)], and more studies are needed to further unpack the relationship between supervision and implementation climate.”
Background
Why Motivational Interviewing Is a Person-Centered Approach
Miller, W. R., & Rollnick, S. (2024) · SUCHT - Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft und Praxis / Journal of Addiction Research and Practice · doi:10.1024/0939-5911/a000862 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Toward high‐fidelity treatment as usual: Evidence‐based intervention structures to improve usual care psychotherapy.
Lyon, A. R., Stanick, C., & Pullmann, M. D. (2018) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12265 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
After-School Programs and Children’s Mental Health: Organizational Social Context, Program Quality, and Children’s Social Behavior
Frazier, S. L., Rusch, D. B., Coxe, S. J., Stout, T. J., Helseth, S. A., Dirks, M. A., Bustamante, E. E., Atkins, M. S., Glisson, C. A., Green, P. D., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2019.1683849 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“…documenting associations among social context, service quality and client outcomes, several organizational intervention models have emerged (e.g., Aarons et al., 2017; Glisson & Schoenwald, 2005) to target service provider, organization, and community level variables that influence service…”
Background
Implementation readiness for evidence-based autism practices in school systems
Stahmer, A. C., Suhrheinrich, J., Yu, Y., Melgarejo, M., Schetter, P. L., & Young, G. (2023) · Implementation Research and Practice · doi:10.1177/26334895231199465 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Validating the Implementation Leadership Scale in Chinese nursing context: A cross‐sectional study
Hu, J., Gifford, W., Ruan, H., Harrison, D. M., Li, Q., Ehrhart, M. G., Harrison, M., Barrowman, N., & Aarons, G. A. (2021) · Nursing Open · doi:10.1002/nop2.888 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Leadership development interventions have also been developed and studied to strengthen the implementation leadership of nurses and other healthcare providers (Aarons et al., 2017; Gifford et al., 2019; Richter et al., 2016; Välimäki et al., 2018).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Evaluation of an Implementation Intervention to Increase Reach of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for PTSD in US Veterans Health Administration PTSD Clinics
Sayer, N. A., Bernardy, N. C., Yoder, M. S., Hamblen, J. L., Rosen, C. S., Ackland, P. E., Kehle‐Forbes, S., Clothier, B. A., Schnurr, P. P., Orazem, R. J., et al. (2020) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-020-01086-3 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Individual-level associations between implementation leadership, climate, and anticipated outcomes: a time-lagged mediation analysis
Egeland, K. M., Borge, R. H., Peters, N., Bækkelund, H., Braathu, N., Sklar, M., Aarons, G. A., & Skar, A. S. (2023) · Implementation Science Communications · doi:10.1186/s43058-023-00459-7 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citation
Development of the Motivational Interviewing Coach Rating Scale (MI-CRS) for health equity implementation contexts.
Naar, S., Chapman, J. E., Cunningham, P. B., Ellis, D. A., MacDonell, K. K., & Todd, L. (2021) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0001064 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Helping Educational Leaders Mobilize Evidence (HELM): The iterative redesign of the Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) intervention for use in schools
Locke, J. J., Corbin, C. M., Collins, V. K., Ehrhart, M. G., Goosey, R., Hatch, K., Espeland, C., Cook, C. R., & Lyon, A. R. (2024) · Implementation Research and Practice · doi:10.1177/26334895241242523 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“LOCI also has recently been used in mental health and school programs to support therapists and teachers to deliver EBPs for autistic youth (Brookman-Frazee & Stahmer, 2018); however, LOCI was not systematically adapted or iteratively redesigned for use in schools, which is a unique implementation context.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
En Route to Implementation Science 3.0
Albers, B., Shlonsky, A., & Mildon, R. L. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03874-8_1 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Measuring implementation climate: psychometric properties of the Implementation Climate Scale (ICS) in Norwegian mental health care services
Peters, N., Borge, R. H., Skar, A. S., & Egeland, K. M. (2022) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-021-07441-w · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Testing the leadership and organizational change for implementation (LOCI) inter‑ vention in substance abuse treatment: a cluster randomized trial study protocol.”
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Applying dissemination and implementation research methods to translate a school-based asthma program
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Navigating the storm: How proficient organizational culture promotes clinician retention in the shift to evidence-based practice
Williams, N. J., & Beidas, R. S. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209745 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Exploring individual and organizational mechanisms of implementation of evidence-based practices for the inclusion of elementary students with autism: Study protocol
Locke, J. J., Hugh, M. L., Pullmann, M. D., Cook, H., Coifman, J., McRee, E., Joshi, M., Lyon, A. R., & Schwartz, I. S. (2021) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2021.101779 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Barriers to implementing motivational interviewing in addiction treatment: A nominal group technique process evaluation
Hatch, M. R., Carandang, K. M., Moullin, J. C., Ehrhart, M. G., & Aarons, G. A. (2021) · Implementation Research and Practice · doi:10.1177/26334895211018400 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“…evaluation, which used a modified nominal group technique (NGT) and interviews, to identify emergent and persistent barriers that impacted the implementation of an EBP during an effectiveness trial of the Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) strategy (Aarons et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Developing a tailored implementation action plan for a suicide prevention clinical intervention in an Australian mental health service: A qualitative study using the EPIS framework
Zbukvic, I., Rheinberger, D., Rosebrock, H., Lim, J., McGillivray, L., Mok, K., Stamate, E., McGill, K., Shand, F., Torok, M., et al. (2022) · Implementation Research and Practice · doi:10.1177/26334895211065786 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“, 2006), for example, developing a positive implementation climate whereby managers and team leaders communicate the value of CAMS, conduct regular progress reviews and supervision in using CAMS and establish structures to review fidelity (Aarons et al., 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
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Borge, R. H., Egeland, K. M., Aarons, G. A., Ehrhart, M. G., Sklar, M., & Skar, A. S. (2022) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-022-01199-x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation
Sustaining HIV Research in Resource-Limited Settings Using PLAN (People, Learning, Adapting, Nurturing): Evidence from the 4 Youth by Youth Project in Nigeria
Iwelunmor, J., Tucker, J. D., Ezechi, O., Nwaozuru, U., Obiezu‐Umeh, C., Gbaja-Biamila, T. A., Oladele, D. A., Musa, A. Z., & Airhihenbuwa, C. O. (2023) · Current HIV/AIDS Reports · doi:10.1007/s11904-023-00652-2 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“In alignment with the tenets of DSF, PLAN seeks to continuously engage key stakeholders to not only increase the fit between the intervention and the local context but also to build the buy-in necessary with relevant people, including the effective leadership, alignment of leadership, and organizational support across…”
Background
Measuring change attitudes in health care organizations
Hower, K. I., Pfaff, H., Kowalski, C., Wensing, M., & Ansmann, L. (2019) · Journal of Health Organization and Management · doi:10.1108/jhom-06-2018-0177 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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Doval, R. V., Gastelurrutia, M. Á., Benrimoj, S. I., Zarzuelo-Romero, M. J., García‐Cárdenas, V., Pérez-Escamilla, B., & Martínez‐Martínez, F. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036669 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
A longitudinal mixed method approach for assessing implementation context and process factors: Comparison of three sites from a Housing First implementation strategy pilot
Watson, D. P., Snow‐Hill, N. L., Saldana, L., Walden, A. L., Staton, M. D., Kong, A., & Donenberg, G. R. (2020) · Implementation Research and Practice · doi:10.1177/2633489520974974 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“…use of the SIC with either CFIR (Albers et al., 2020; Ford et al., 2018; Kairy et al., 2019; Spoelstra et al., 2019) or EPIS (Aalsma et al., 2019; Aarons et al., 2017; Bowser et al., 2019; Dickson et al., 2020; Hartzler et al., 2017; Nadeem et al., 2018; Stadnick et al., 2019; Willging et al.,…”
Method
An Observational Study of the Impact of COVID-19 and the Transition to Telehealth on Community Mental Health Center ProvidersPreprint
Sklar, M., Reeder, K., Carandang, K. M., Ehrhart, M. G., & Aarons, G. A. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-48767/v1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citation
The impact of implementation climate on community mental health clinicians’ attitudes toward exposure: An evaluation of the effects of training and consultation
Woodard, G. S., Triplett, N. S., Frank, H. E., Harrison, J. P., Robinson, S., & Dorsey, S. (2021) · Implementation Research and Practice · doi:10.1177/26334895211057883 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Interventions aimed at enhancing implementation climate specifically are currently being evaluated (e.g., Aarons et al., 2015; Aarons et al., 2017).”
Background
Concept mapping study of stakeholder perceptions of implementation of cognitive-behavioral social skills training on assertive community treatment teams.
Sommerfeld, D. H., Granholm, E. L., Holden, J. L., Seijo, C., Rapoport, C. S., Mueser, K. T., Naqvi, J. B., & Aarons, G. A. (2019) · Psychological Services · doi:10.1037/ser0000335 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
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Self-citation
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Byeon, Y. V., Lau, A. S., Lind, T., Hamilton, A. B., & Brookman-Frazee, L. I. (2022) · Implementation Research and Practice · doi:10.1177/26334895221110263 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
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Background
Rationale and protocol for a cluster randomized pragmatic clinical trial testing behavioral economic implementation strategies to improve tobacco treatment rates for cancer patients who smoke
Jenssen, B. P., Schnoll, R. A., Beidas, R. S., Bekelman, J. E., Bauer, A., Scott, C. A., Evers‐Casey, S., Nicoloso, J., Gabriel, P. E., Asch, D. A., et al. (2021) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-021-01139-7 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
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Centering School Leaders’ Expertise: Usability Evaluation of a Leadership-Focused Implementation Strategy to Support Tier 1 Programs in Schools
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“Although multifaceted and multilevel strategies are common (Aarons et al., 2017; Glisson & Schoenwald, 2005; Kilbourne et al., 2007), implementation strategies vary in complexity (Proctor et al., 2013), and many are bulky, expensive, and/or not usable by implementation practitioners or other…”
InfluentialSelf-citation
Discrepancies and Agreement in Perceptions of Implementation Leadership: Associations with Dosage of School-Based Evidence-Based Practices for Children with Autism
Meza, R. D., Beidas, R. S., Ehrhart, M. G., Mandell, D. S., Dorsey, S., Frederick, L., Oh, C., & Locke, J. J. (2019) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-019-00932-3 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation
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Vaskinn, L., Mellblom, A. V., Waaler, P. M., Skagseth, O., Bjørkli, C. A., & Kjøbli, J. (2020) · Residential Treatment for Children & Youth · doi:10.1080/0886571x.2020.1774464 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“The Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) is a leadership capacity that aims to improve general and implementation leadership (Aarons et al., 2015, 2017).”
Background
Sticking with Programs That Do Not Work: The Role of Escalation of Commitment in Schools
Barrett, C. A., Sleesman, D. J., Spear, S. E., Clinkscales, A., & Amin, T. (2023) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-023-01510-8 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Leaders’ experiences of successfully implementing health and welfare technology in sparsely populated Nordic areas
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“Theories in the field of organisation suggest that the implementation climate operates as a mechanism between implementation leadership and implementation outcomes [48,49].”
Testing an Organizational Implementation Process Model Related to Teachers’ Implementation-Related Attitudes and Behaviors: a Multilevel Mediation Analysis
Corbin, C. M., Zhang, Y., Ehrhart, M. G., Locke, J. J., & Lyon, A. R. (2024) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-024-01722-6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“A critical next step will be to test whether the multilevel organizational implementation process leads to changes in implementation outcomes like fidelity (Aarons et al., 2017; Williams et al., 2024).”
InfluentialSelf-citation
Not getting better but not getting worse: A cluster randomized controlled pilot trial of a leadership implementation strategy
Locke, J. J., Corbin, C. M., Goosey, R., Collins, V. K., Ehrhart, M. G., Hatch, K., Espeland, C., & Lyon, A. R. (2025) · Implementation Research and Practice · doi:10.1177/26334895241312405 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
Disseminating online parenting resources in the community during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Lessons learned
Lasecke, M., Baeza‐Hernandez, K., Dosovitsky, G., DeBellis, A., Bettencourt, B., Park, A. L., & Bunge, E. L. (2022) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22788 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“…factors have been shown to influence successful implementation, openness to organizational change, receptivity to the intervention, and intervention sustainment (Lesson Learned #3; Aarons et al., 2015, 2017; Aarons & Sawitzky, 2006; Mendel et al., 2008; Novins et al., 2013; Williams et al., 2019).”
Background
The Role of Organizational Processes in Dissemination and Implementation Research
Aarons, G. A., Ehrhart, M. G., Lengnick‐Hall, R., & Moullin, J. C. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197660690.003.0009 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
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“…to improve implementation leadership and climate, the leadership and organizational change for implementation strategy (LOCI; Aarons et al., 2015; Aarons, Ehrhart, Moullin, et al., 2017; Skar et al., 2022) and the training in implementation practice leadership (TRIPLE; Proctor et al., 2019)…”
Background
Good soldiers in implementation: validation of the Implementation Citizenship Behavior Scale and its relation to implementation leadership and intentions to use evidence-based practices
Borge, R. H., Skar, A. S., Endsjø, M., & Egeland, K. M. (2021) · Implementation Science Communications · doi:10.1186/s43058-021-00240-8 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Individual and organizational factors as predictors of early evidence-based practice adoption in Michigan high schools: Baseline data from an implementation trial
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Self-citation
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Jerome, G. J., Goldsholl, S., Dalcin, A., Gennusa, J. V., Yuan, C. T., Brown, K. L., Fink, T., Minahan, E., Wang, N., Daumit, G. L., et al. (2023) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/45802 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Therefore, to enhance curriculum uptake and increase engagement from site leadership [36], we will hold monthly organizational strategy meetings (30-60 minutes each month).”
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ResultInfluential
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“Importantly, others have evaluated effective interventions for improving and sustaining improvement in implementation [23].”
Background
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Sklar, M., Ehrhart, M. G., Ramirez, N., Carandang, K. M., Kuhn, N., Day, A., Aarons, G. A., & Williams, N. J. (2024) · Implementation Research and Practice · doi:10.1177/26334895241236680 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“…cluster-randomized hybrid type III effectiveness-implementation trial designed to test the effects of the Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI; Aarons et al., 2015, 2017) strategy on youth-level ﬁ delity and clinical outcomes of digital measurement-based care (R01MH119127).”
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“…to ensure a deeper understanding of the EBP; train leadership to be knowledgeable about the EBP and promote an autonomy supportive style (Aarons et al., 2017); identification of an MI champion at each level of leadership including middle management (Birken et al., 2018); and increase…”
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“First, there are several leadership strategies emerging in the implementation science literature such as the leadership and organizational change for implementation 27 and the training for implementation practice leadership.”
Background
Substance Use Decision-Making – Are Clinicians Using the Evidence?
Stokes, J. (2018) · Journal of Social Service Research · doi:10.1080/01488376.2018.1479337 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Randomized trial of the leadership and organizational change for implementation (LOCI) strategy in substance use treatment clinics
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Self-citation
Additional file 1: of Testing the leadership and organizational change for implementation (LOCI) intervention in substance abuse treatment: a cluster randomized trial study protocol
Aarons, G., Ehrhart, M., Moullin, J. C., Torres, E., & Green, A. (2017) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3708163_d1
Self-citation
Leadership and organizational change for implementation (LOCI): a randomized mixed method pilot study of a leadership and organization development intervention for evidence-based practice implementation
Aarons, G. A., Ehrhart, M. G., Farahnak, L. R., & Hurlburt, M. S. (2015) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-014-0192-y · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Self-citation
A stepped-wedge randomized trial investigating the effect of the Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) intervention on implementation and transformational leadership, and implementation climate
Skar, A. S., Braathu, N., Peters, N., Bækkelund, H., Endsjø, M., Babaii, A., Borge, R. H., Wentzel‐Larsen, T., Ehrhart, M. G., Sklar, M., et al. (2022) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-022-07539-9 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citation
Utility of the Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation-Systems Level (LOCI-SL) strategy for a statewide substance use treatment implementation effort
Crable, E. L., Sklar, M., Kandah, A., Samuels, H. C., Ehrhart, M. G., Aalsma, M. C., Hulvershorn, L. A., Willging, C. E., & Aarons, G. A. (2024) · Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.josat.2024.209433 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation

Authors: Aarons, G. A., Ehrhart, M. G., Moullin, J. C., Torres, E. M., & Green, A. E.
Affiliations: University of California San Diego (US)
San Diego State University (US)
Corresponding author: Aarons, Gregory A.
ORCID: Aarons, Gregory A.
Ehrhart, Mark G.
Moullin, Joanna C.
Torres, Elisa M.
Green, Amy E.
Venue: Implementation Science
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2017-03-03
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Pages: 29-29
ISSN: 1748-5908 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/s13012-017-0562-3
PMC: PMC5335741
OpenAlex: W2592610820
Cited by: 159
References: 102
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 1
FWCI: 19.50
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Implementation Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA038466)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Organizational Change and Leadership
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Keywords: implementation leadership, organizational change, evidence-based practice implementation, addiction treatment, motivational interviewing, leadership coaching, 360-degree assessment, implementation climate, organizational climate, employee attitudes, organizational support
MeSH terms: Attitude of Health Personnel, Diffusion of Innovation, Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Inservice Training, Leadership, Male, Motivation, Organizational Innovation, Substance-Related Disorders, Evidence-Based Practice

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Testing the leadership and organizational change for implementation (LOCI) intervention in substance abuse treatment: a cluster randomized trial study protocol

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