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COVID-19 pandemic effects on health worker's mental health: systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers (HCWs) exposed to coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) are at high risk of developing mental health concerns across several domains. The aim of this study is to determine the updated, global frequency of these outcomes. METHODS: A multistep literature search was performed from database inception until March 1, 2021. PRISMA/MOOSE-compliant systematic review and PROSPERO protocol were used to identify studies reporting on depression, anxiety, acute stress, post-traumatic symptoms, insomnia, and burnout in HCWs exposed to COVID-19. A quantitative meta-analysis with random effects was conducted to analyze the proportion rate of the mental health disorders. Sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate the effect of the different continents and scales. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to examine the effect of gender, age, and work position. RESULTS: 239 articles were included (n = 271,319 HCWs, mean age = 36.08 ± 8.33 (66.99% female). 33% HCWs exposed to COVID-19 reported depressive symptoms (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 28-38%), 42% anxiety features (95% CI = 35-48), 40% acute stress (95% CI = 32-47), 32% post-traumatic symptoms (95% CI = 26-37%), 42% insomnia (95% CI = 36-48), 37% burnout (95% CI = 31-42). Sensitivity analyses did not show statistically significant differences. Meta-regressions found a statistically significant lower prevalence of post-traumatic symptoms in Asia. CONCLUSIONS: HCWs exposed to COVID-19 were found to have a significant prevalence of mental health concerns in all domains analyzed. The effects of COVID-19 on HCWs' mental health could be underestimated and the future consequences dismissed.
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“Studies reported that a considerable proportion of nurses were experiencing high levels of depression, anxiety, psychological distress, post-traumatic symptoms, burnout, and insomnia (4–6).”
From Translation, adaptation, and initial evaluation of a guided self-help intervention to reduce psychological distress among nurses during COVID-19 in China (2023) · cites this paper as [4]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Aymerich, C., Pedruzo, B., Pérez, J. L., Laborda, M., Herrero, J., Blanco, J., Mancebo, G., Andrés, L., Estévez, O., Fernandez, M., Salazar de Pablo, G., Catalan, A., & González-Torres, M. Á.
- Affiliations
- Hospital de Basurto (ES)
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2022
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e10-e10
- ISSN
- 0924-9338 (ISSN-L)
- 1778-3585
- PMC
- PMC8828390
- OpenAlex
- W4205390693
- Cited by
- 234
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 26
- FWCI
- 9.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Communities in ADDI (Universidad del Pais Vasco) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Communities in ADDI (University of the Basque Country) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Hispana (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers, mental health, depression, anxiety, acute stress, posttraumatic stress symptoms, insomnia, burnout, prevalence, occupational exposure
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Pandemics
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