The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Paranoid Cognition in Social Systems: Thinking and Acting in the Shadow of Doubt
Abstract
Distrust and suspicion are common and recurring problems at all levels of social organization, ranging from the interpersonal to the collective. Unfortunately, our understanding of the origins and dynamics of such distrust and suspicion remains far from complete. A primary aim of this research, accordingly, was to articulate a new framework for conceptualizing a form of exaggerated distrust and suspicion termed paranoid social cognition. Drawing on recent psychological theory and research, this framework identifies the social cognitive underpinnings of paranoid cognitions. It also specifies some of the situational determinants of such cognition and elaborates on the psychological, behavioral, and social dynamics that sustain them.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Lord, C. G., Ross, L., & Lepper, M. R. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.11.2098 · Cited by 4,583
Lewis, J. D., & Weigert, A. (1985) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2578601 · Cited by 4,163
The processes of causal attribution.
Kelley, H. H. (1973) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/h0034225 · Cited by 4,025
Some Effects of Proportions on Group Life: Skewed Sex Ratios and Responses to Token Women
Kanter, R. M. (1977) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/226425 · Cited by 3,154
Deutsch, M. (1958) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/002200275800200401 · Cited by 2,077
Swift Trust and Temporary Groups
Meyerson, D., Weick, K. E., & Kramer, R. M. (1996) · Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research · doi:10.4135/9781452243610.n9 · Cited by 1,982
Self-citationThe totalitarian ego: Fabrication and revision of personal history.
Greenwald, A. G. (1980) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.35.7.603 · Cited by 1,942
Explaining the Limited Effectiveness of Legalistic ‘Remedies’ for Trust/Distrust
Sitkin, S. B., & Roth, N. L. (1993) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.4.3.367 · Cited by 1,545
Goertzel, T. (1994) · Political Psychology · doi:10.2307/3791630 · Cited by 1,094 · cited 1×
“Conspiracy perceptions are complex cognitions and have been the subject of considerable study by social scientists representing a variety of disciplines (Baker & Faulkner, 1993; Goertzel, 1997; Graumann, 1987; Graumann & Moscovici, 1987; Harrison & Thomas, 1997; Johnson, 1983; Kramer & Messick, 1997; Pipes, 1997; Robi…”
BackgroundPyszczynski, T., & Greenberg, J. (1987) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.102.1.122 · Cited by 825
Cited by
The Paranoid Optimist: An Integrative Evolutionary Model of Cognitive Biases
Haselton, M. G., & Nettle, D. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr1001_3 · Cited by 838
The defensive consumer: Advertising deception, defensive processing, and distrust
Darke, P. R., & Ritchie, R. J. B. (2007) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1509/jmkr.44.1.114 · Cited by 609
Schmitt, M. T., & Branscombe, N. R. (2002) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/14792772143000058 · Cited by 532
Reversing the extraverted leadership advantage: The role of employee proactivity
Grant, A. M., Gino, F., & Hofmann, D. A. (2011) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2011.61968043 · Cited by 530
The Influence of Control on Belief in Conspiracy Theories: Conceptual and Applied Extensions
van Prooijen, J., & Acker, M. (2015) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.3161 · Cited by 407
Belief in conspiracy theories: The influence of uncertainty and perceived morality
van Prooijen, J., & Jostmann, N. B. (2013) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.1922 · Cited by 403
Repairing and Enhancing Trust: Approaches to Reducing Organizational Trust Deficits
Kramer, R. M., & Lewicki, R. J. (2010) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.1080/19416520.2010.487403 · Cited by 398
Self-citationBartel, C. A., Wrzesniewski, A., & Wiesenfeld, B. M. (2012) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1110.0661 · Cited by 331
Kofta, M., Soral, W., & Bilewicz, M. (2020) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspa0000183 · Cited by 182
The Many Ways to Be Marginal in a Group
Ellemers, N., & Jetten, J. (2013) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868312453086 · Cited by 139
Examining conspiracist beliefs about the disappearance of Amelia Earhart
Swami, V., & Furnham, A. (2012) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.2012.697932 · Cited by 88
Collective Trust within Organizations: Conceptual Foundations and Empirical Insights
Kramer, R. M. (2010) · Corporate Reputation Review · doi:10.1057/crr.2010.9 · Cited by 84
Self-citationSuspicious spirits, flexible minds: when distrust enhances creativity
Mayer, J., & Mussweiler, T. (2011) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0024407 · Cited by 78
Who is to blame? Oxytocin promotes nonpersonalistic attributions in response to a trust betrayal
Klackl, J., Pfundmair, M., Agroskin, D., & Jonas, E. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.11.010 · Cited by 47
Pinciotti, C. M., Nuñez, M., Riemann, B. C., & Bailey, B. E. (2022) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/jcpsy-d-20-00022 · Cited by 28
A call to action for librarians: Countering conspiracy theories in the age of QAnon
Beene, S., & Greer, K. (2021) · The Journal of Academic Librarianship · doi:10.1016/j.acalib.2020.102292 · Cited by 28
Masson, T., & Fritsche, I. (2019) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2501 · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- Kramer, R. M.
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1998-11
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 251-275
- ISSN
- 1088-8683 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7957
- OpenAlex
- W2095190268
- Cited by
- 302
- References
- 15
- FWCI
- 12.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.