Effects of Testosterone and Progressive Resistance Exercise in Healthy, Highly Functioning Older Men With Low-Normal Testosterone Levels
Open accessAbstract
Aging in men is associated with reduced testosterone (T) levels and physiological changes leading to frailty, but the benefits of T supplementation are inconclusive. We studied the effects of T supplementation with and without progressive resistance training (PRT) on functional performance, strength, and body composition. We recruited 167 generally healthy community-dwelling older men (66 ± 5 years) with low-normal baseline total T levels (200–350 ng/dL). Subjects were randomized to placebo or transdermal T gel [2 doses targeting either a lower (400–550 ng/dL) or higher (600–1000 ng/dL) T range] and to either PRT or no exercise for 12 months. The primary outcome was functional performance, whereas secondary outcomes were strength and body composition. A total of 143 men completed the study. At 12 months, total T was 528 ± 287 ng/dL in subjects receiving any T and 287 ± 65 ng/dL in the placebo group. In the PRT group, function and strength were not different between T- and placebo-treated subjects, despite greater improvements in fat mass (P = .04) and fat-free mass (P = .01) with T. In the non-PRT group, T did not improve function but improved fat mass (P = .005), fat-free mass (P = .03), and upper body strength (P = .03) compared with placebo. There were fewer cardiovascular events in the T-treated groups compared with placebo. T supplementation was well tolerated and improved body composition but had no effect on functional performance. T supplementation improved upper body strength only in nonexercisers compared with placebo.
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Adding testosterone supplementation to progressive resistance training improved body composition, including reduced fat mass and improved lean mass.
“The addition of pharmacotherapy, such as testosterone supplementation, to progressive resistance training augmented the improvements in body composition, including reduced fat mass and improved lean mass357.”
From Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [357]
Data on the effect of testosterone supplementation on muscle strength and function are conflicting.
“There are conflicting data on the effect of testosterone supplementation on muscle strength and function50,51,357,414.”
From Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [357]
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- Authors
- Hildreth, K. L., Barry, D. W., Moreau, K. L., Vande Griend, J., Meacham, R. B., Nakamura, T., Wolfe, P., Kohrt, W. M., Ruscin, J. M., Kittelson, J., Cress, M. E., Ballard, R., & Schwartz, R. S.
- Affiliations
- Department of Medicine (K.L.H., K.L.M., T.N., W.M.K., R.S.S.),Aurora, Colorado 80045;
- Kaiser Permanente (US)
- University of Colorado School of Medicine; University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (J.V.G.); Aurora, Colorado 80045;
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, and Division of Urology (R.B.M.), Aurora, Colorado 80045;
- Colorado School of Public Health (US)
- Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (US)
- University of Georgia (US)
- Colorado Sleep Medicine (R.B.), Denver, Colorado 80218
- Corresponding author
- Hildreth, Kerry L.
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2013-05-01
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1891-1900
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- PMC
- PMC3644594
- OpenAlex
- W2128339742
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 9.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- testosterone supplementation, transdermal testosterone gel, progressive resistance training, older men, functional performance, muscle strength, body composition, fat-free mass, fat mass, frailty, cardiovascular events, aging
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