The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Improvement in Mood and Fatigue after Dehydroepiandrosterone Replacement in Addison’s Disease in a Randomized, Double Blind Trial
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS) are adrenal precursors of steroid biosynthesis and centrally acting neurosteroids. Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid deficiencies in Addison's disease require life-long hormone replacement, but the associated failure of DHEA synthesis is not corrected. We conducted a randomized, double blind study in which 39 patients with Addison's disease received either 50 mg oral DHEA daily for 12 weeks, followed by a 4-week washout period, then 12 weeks of placebo, or vice versa. After DHEA treatment, levels of DHEAS and Delta(4)-androstenedione rose from subnormal to within the adult physiological range. Total testosterone increased from subnormal to low normal with a fall in serum sex hormone-binding globulin in females, but with no change in either parameter in males. In both sexes, psychological assessment showed significant enhancement of self-esteem with a tendency for improved overall well-being. Mood and fatigue also improved significantly, with benefit being evident in the evenings. No effects on cognitive or sexual function, body composition, lipids, or bone mineral density were observed. Our results indicate that DHEA replacement corrects this steroid deficiency effectively and improves some aspects of psychological function. Beneficial effects in males, independent of circulating testosterone levels, suggest that it may act directly on the central nervous system rather than by augmenting peripheral androgen biosynthesi…
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“In addition, some (but not all) studies have shown that DHEA replacement in adrenal insufficiency may improve HRQoL and mood, with reduced depression and anxiety scores (114 -116).”
From Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline (2016) · cites this paper as [115]
In the citing paper
“Our previous placebo-controlled 3-month crossover trial of 39 patients (including 15 males) with primary adrenal insufficiency showed similar biochemical changes and enhanced psychological well-being, independent of gender (20).”
From Long-Term DHEA Replacement in Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: A Randomized, Controlled Trial (2008) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“score significantly worse than age-and sexmatched population controls on validated psychological tests that measure well-being (20,21).”
From Long-Term DHEA Replacement in Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: A Randomized, Controlled Trial (2008) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“No changes in body composition, BMD or cognition were demonstrated in any of these short-term studies of DHEA replacement.”
From Long-Term DHEA Replacement in Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: A Randomized, Controlled Trial (2008) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“This 12-month study of DHEA replacement in patients with Addison's disease both supports the improved well-being documented in our previous short-term study and adds new information on longer-term effects of DHEA.”
From Long-Term DHEA Replacement in Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: A Randomized, Controlled Trial (2008) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“The hormone profile of DHEA-treated subjects was similar to that observed in our previous study (20) with significant increases in androstenedione in both sexes and testosterone in women but not in men.”
From Long-Term DHEA Replacement in Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: A Randomized, Controlled Trial (2008) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“Twenty-three subjects had taken part in our previous, short-term trial of DHEA (20) but were distributed comparably across DHEA (n ϭ 9) and placebo (n ϭ 14) groups.”
From Long-Term DHEA Replacement in Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: A Randomized, Controlled Trial (2008) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“which is in keeping with observations in some short- (20,48,54) and longer-term trials (25) but differs from observations in women with primary or secondary adrenal failure (23,24).”
From Long-Term DHEA Replacement in Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: A Randomized, Controlled Trial (2008) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“Despite earlier reports suggesting changes in IGF-I with DHEA replacement, both our earlier short-term trial (20) and the present study showed no statistically significant change in circulating IGF-I levels, in agreement with another recent replacement study (50), arguing against a primary role of this hormone in mediating increases in lean muscle mass.”
From Long-Term DHEA Replacement in Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: A Randomized, Controlled Trial (2008) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“Interestingly, similar abnormalities in the self-esteem subscale of GHQ-30 occurred in both of our studies [this one and an earlier shorter-term replacement study (20)]”
From Long-Term DHEA Replacement in Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: A Randomized, Controlled Trial (2008) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“suggesting there may be a disorderspecific profile of psychological deficit in Addison's disease.”
From Long-Term DHEA Replacement in Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: A Randomized, Controlled Trial (2008) · cites this paper as [20]
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“tive function, with three months of DHEA treatment [131].”
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“On the other hand, mood and fatigue were significantly improved after DHEA replacement therapy in Addison’s disease (70).”
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“Our findings that DHEA increases total and free T levels and decreases sex hormone–binding globulin levels in women and increases levels of the androgen metabolites androstenedione and 3 -androstanediol glucuronide in both sexes are consistent with several previous reports.(7,11,32,33,35,37-41) A DHEA-related increase…”
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“Wichers et al. (1999) studied the influence of three cortisol substitution doses on the SHS in nine patients with complete secondary hypocortisolism, using a similar crossover design.”
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“Finally, the increase in physical well-being after DHEAS administration reported by some authors (78) was not confirmed by others (79), but there is some evidence that DHEAS administration to men with Addison’s disease improves general well-being (80, 81).”
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“Patients with Addison’s disease on optimal glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement therapy still report a reduced quality of life when compared with normal individuals (19) and score significantly worse than age- and sexmatched population controls on validated psychological tests that measure well-being (20,…”
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“…1997b) and dysthymia (Bloch et al 1999), mildly and transiently improves cognitive performance in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (Wolkowitz et al 2000b) and enhances well-being, energy and libido in hypo-adrenal patients with Addison’s disease (Arlt et al 1999; Arlt et al 1998; Hunt et al 2000).”
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“(11, 26) or in glucocorticoid-treated patients with systemic”
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“However, two studies that did include DHEAS supplementation demonstrated improved self-esteem (Hunt et al., 2000) and increased sexuality (Arlt et al., 2000) among women with adrenal insufficiency.”
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“Arlt, 1999 (2) 24 42 Primary and secondary 50 4 Normal Bilger, 2005 (11) 5 19 Secondary 50 6 Normal Hunt, 2000 (3) 24 40 Primary 50 3 Normal Libe, 2004 (17) 7 45 Primary and secondary 50 4 Normal Lovas, 2003 (4) 36 46 Primary and secondary 25 9 Most reached normal Johannsson, 2002 (5) 38 51 Secondary 20 ( 45 yr old) o…”
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“There is a modest literature suggesting that oral DHEA may have beneficial effects on well-being, perhaps by elevating mood (Reus et al. 1997; Wolkowitz et al. 1999; Hunt et al. 2000), although there is no evidence that there are direct beneficial effects on cognition (Hunt et al.”
BackgroundSelf-citationLøvås, K., Gebre-Medhin, G., Trovik, T. S., Fougner, K. J., Uhlving, S., Nedrebø, B. G., Myking, O. L., Kämpe, O., & Husebye, E. S. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-020769 · Cited by 144
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“DHEA replacement in patients with Addison's disease (primary adrenal insufficiency) who were on standard glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement has been shown to improve selfesteem and mood, and a decrease in fatigue (Hunt et al., 2000).”
BackgroundKenny, A. M., Boxer, R. S., Kleppinger, A., Brindisi, J., Feinn, R., & Burleson, J. A. (2010) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03019.x · Cited by 125
“Preliminary studies found beneficial effects of DHEA on sense of well-being and energy in young individuals with primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency.(6,7) The studies evaluating the effects of DHEA supplementation in older adults are few, and the effects on bone and muscle function have been variable.”
BackgroundEffect of Dehydroepiandrosterone Replacement on Insulin Sensitivity and Lipids in Hypoadrenal Women
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Effect of DHEAS on skeletal muscle over the life span: the InCHIANTI study.
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Endocrine Aspects of Women’s Sexual Function
Wierman, M. E., Nappi, R. E., Avis, N. E., Davis, S. R., Labrie, F., Rosner, W., & Shifren, J. L. (2010) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01629.x · Cited by 134
DHEA therapy for women: effect on sexual function and wellbeing
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“In contrast, Hunt et al. (2000) found no effect of the same dose of DHEA on sexual function, cognition, body composition or bone mineral density.”
Steroid and sterol 7-hydroxylation: ancient pathways.
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“However, oral DHEA replacement has not brought 150 the hoped-for improvements in cognitive function [66,70,71] 151 although beneficial effects are reported in adrenal dysfunc152 tion [72].”
DHEA for postmenopausal women: A review of the evidence
Panjari, M., & Davis, S. R. (2010) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.12.017 · Cited by 93
Rabkin, J., McElhiney, M., Rabkin, R., McGrath, P., & Ferrando, S. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.1.59 · Cited by 101
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Self-citationEvo-devo of human adolescence: beyond disease models of early puberty
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“DHEA in humans operates as a neurosteroid, affecting neurological functions and modulating mood [27,28].”
Backgroundvon Mühlen, D. G., Laughlin, G. A., Kritz‐Silverstein, D. C., Bergstrom, J., & Bettencourt, R. (2007) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-007-0520-z · Cited by 101
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“Hunt et al. ( 44 ) Women with primary adrenal insufficiency (26–59 yrs) ( n ¼ 24) Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study DHEA 50 mg/day vs placebo for 3 months each ( n ¼ 24) Self-esteem " , mood " , fatigue # , cognition ! ,n o change in sexual function; no change in BC and BMD (DXA); HDL ! , L…”
Subjective Sleep Quality and hormonal modulation in long-term yoga practitioners
Vera, F. M., Manzaneque, J. M., Maldonado, E., Carranque, G. A., Rodríguez, F. M., Blanca, M. J., & Morell, M. (2009) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.03.008 · Cited by 81
“…the contrary, DHEA (and its sulphate form DHEA-S), another hormone released from the adrenal gland under the influence of ACTH like cortisol, have been associated with improvement in psychological well-being (Ceballos et al., 2007; Hunt et al., 2000; Van Niekerk et al., 2001), among other effects.”
BackgroundDHEAS as a new diagnostic tool
Leowattana, W. (2004) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cccn.2003.10.031 · Cited by 99
What Affects the Quality of Life in Autoimmune Addison's Disease?
Meyer, G., Hackemann, A., Penna-Martinez, M., & Badenhoop, K. (2013) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-0032-1331766 · Cited by 88
Pérez-Neri, I., Montes, S., Ojeda-López, C., Ramírez-Bermúdez, J., & Ríos, C. (2008) · Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.12.001 · Cited by 87
Intrinsic imperfections of endocrine replacement therapy
Romijn, J., Smit, J., & Lamberts, S. (2003) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.0.1490091 · Cited by 85
“The results of randomised, double-blind controlled trials indicate that DHEA improves mood, wellbeing and, in women, libido, in the absence of significant short-term side effects (13, 14 ).”
BackgroundAndrogen therapy with dehydroepiandrosterone
Buvat, J. (2003) · World Journal of Urology · doi:10.1007/s00345-003-0367-7 · Cited by 87
“In both genders circulating androstenedione and IGF1 and in women testosterone and estradiol also increase to young adult levels [38, 56].”
BackgroundResultThe risk of affective disorders in patients with adrenocortical insufficiency
Thomsen, A. F., Kvist, T. K., Andersen, P. K., & Kessing, L. V. (2006) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2006.01.003 · Cited by 79
Recent advances in women’s sexual function and dysfunction
Basson, R. J. (2004) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/01.gme.0000138542.65917.fb · Cited by 85
Reisch, N., Hahner, S., Bleicken, B., Flade, L., Pedrosa Gil, F., Loeffler, M., Ventz, M., Hinz, A., Beuschlein, F., Allolio, B., et al. (2011) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03920.x · Cited by 78
Sex steroids in Sjögren’s syndrome
Konttinen, Y. T., Fuellen, G., Bing, Y., Porola, P., Stegaev, V., Trokovic, N., Falk, S. S. I., Liu, Y., Szodoray, P., & Takakubo, Y. (2012) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2012.01.004 · Cited by 78
“, 1994) and in Addison’s disease (Arlt et al., 1999; Hunt et al., 2000).”
Development of a disease-specific quality of life questionnaire in Addison's disease.
Løvås, K., Curran, S., Oksnes, M., Husebye, E., Huppert, F., & Chatterjee, V. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1711 · Cited by 78
“Development of a Disease-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire in Addison’s Disease Kristian Løvås, Suzanne Curran, Marianne Øksnes, Eystein S. Husebye, Felicia A. Huppert, and V. Krishna K. Chatterjee Department of Medicine (K.L., S.C., V.K.K.C.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Institute…”
InfluentialSelf-citationDehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy.
Gurnell, E. M., & Chatterjee, V. (2001) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.0.1450103 · Cited by 78
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Fatigue in progressive multiple sclerosis is associated with low levels of dehydroepiandrosterone
Téllez, N., Comabella, M., Julià, E., Río, J., Tintoré, M., Brieva, L., Nos, C., & Montalbán, X. (2006) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1191/135248505ms1322oa · Cited by 71
Adrenal Insufficiency in Adults: A Review
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Therapeutic options for postmenopausal female sexual dysfunction
Al-Azzawi, F., Bitzer, J., Brandenburg, U., Castelo-Branco, C., Graziottin, A., Kenemans, P., Lachowsky, M., Mimoun, S., Nappi, R., Palacios, S., et al. (2010) · Climacteric · doi:10.3109/13697130903437615 · Cited by 73
The Role of Androgens in Female Sexual Dysfunction
Shifren, J. L. (2004) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(19)30668-8 · Cited by 73
Sexual Symptoms in Endocrine Diseases: Psychosomatic Perspectives
Balercia, G., Boscaro, M., Lombardo, F., Carosa, E., Lenzi, A., & Jannini, E. (2007) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000099840 · Cited by 71
Dehydroepiandrosterone: Is There a Role for Replacement?
Dhatariya, K., & Nair, K. S. (2003) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/78.10.1257 · Cited by 72
Pharmacology And Therapeutic Effects of Dehydroepiandrosterone In Older Subjects
Legrain, S., & Girard, L. (2003) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/00002512-200320130-00001 · Cited by 54
van Thiel, S. W., Romijn, J. A., Pereira, A. M., Biermasz, N. R., Roelfsema, F., van Hemert, A., Ballieux, B., & Smit, J. W. A. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1802 · Cited by 66
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Sexuality and Fertility in Women with Addison’s Disease
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Dehydroepiandrosterone upregulates neural androgen receptor level and transcriptional activity.
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Dehydroepiandrosterone and age-related cognitive decline
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“…supplementation can exert beneficial effects on mood and well-being in populations with adrenal insufficiency (Arlt et al. 1999; Bloch et al. 1999; Hunt et al. 2000) and depression (Wolkowitz et al. 1999; Schmidt et al. 2005), and that it shows some benefit in a primate model of Parkinson’s…”
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“, 1998) and correcting hormone levels in patients with adrenal deficiencies (Hunt et al., 2000).”
BackgroundTherapeutic management of adrenal insufficiency
Hahner, S., & Allolio, B. (2009) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2008.09.009 · Cited by 61
Brooke, A., Kalingag, L. A., Miraki-Moud, F., Camacho-Hübner, C., Maher, K., Walker, D., Hinson, J., & Monson, J. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0316 · Cited by 61
Dehydroepiandrosterone: a springboard hormone for female sexuality
Spark, R. F. (2002) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(02)02987-4 · Cited by 47
Uses of DHEA in aging and other disease states
JOHNSON, M., Bebb, R. A., & Sirrs, S. M. (2002) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(01)00369-4 · Cited by 66
Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypopituitarism: An Update
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Jędrzejuk, D., Mędraś, M., Milewicz, A., & Demissie, M. (2003) · The Aging Male · doi:10.1080/tam.6.3.151.156 · Cited by 53
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Screening studies for fatigue and laboratory correlates in cancer patients undergoing treatment.
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Therapy of adrenal insufficiency: an update
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Virkki, L., Porola, P., Forsblad-d'Elia, H., Valtýsdóttir, S., Solovieva, S., & Konttinen, Y. (2010) · Arthritis care & research · doi:10.1002/acr.20022 · Cited by 54
“50 mg/day of DHEA to glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid substitution treatment was reported to improve psychological well-being, mood, and fatigue (4,5).”
BackgroundBell, R. J., Donath, S. M., Davison, S. L., & Davis, S. R. (2006) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/01.gme.0000191212.58856.96 · Cited by 57
“Studies of DHEA therapy in women with adrenal insufficiency support the use of DHEA to promote positive well-being.(3,4) Conversely, Barnhart et al(22) did not find a benefit of DHEA on well-being in perimenopausal women.”
MethodMiller, K. K. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.6.7610 · Cited by 70
“demonstrated a significant improvement in evening mood and fatigue in a group of 44 men and women with Addison’s disease after administration of this same dose of DHEA (12).”
BackgroundInfluentialBinder, G., Weber, S., Ehrismann, M., Zaiser, N., Meisner, C., Ranke, M. B., Maier, L., Wudy, S. A., Hartmann, M. F., Heinrich, U., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1982 · Cited by 52
Libè, R., Barbetta, L., Dall’Asta, C., Salvaggio, F., Gala, C., Beck-Peccoz, P., & Ambrosi, B. (2004) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03347515 · Cited by 51
Coles, A. J., Thompson, S. A. J., Cox, A., Curran, S., Gurnell, E. M., & Chatterjee, V. K. (2005) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.200526128 · Cited by 51
Self-citationGenazzani, A. R., Inglese, S., Lombardi, I., Pieri, M., Bernardi, F., Genazzani, A. D., Rovati, L. C., & Luisi, M. (2004) · The Aging Male · doi:10.1080/13685530412331284669 · Cited by 46
Management of adrenal insufficiency in different clinical settings
Hahner, S., & Allolio, B. (2005) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.6.14.2407 · Cited by 49
“4 Dehydroepiandosterone Recent studies have demonstrated significant beneficial effects of DHEA replacement on mood, sexuality and health-related quality of life [28-30], which remain impaired in patients with both primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency, despite adequate glucocorticoid/mineralocorticoid replaceme…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Hunt, P. J., Gurnell, E. M., Huppert, F. A., Richards, C., Prevost, A. T., Wass, J. A. H., Herbert, J., & Chatterjee, V. K. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Community Medicine (A.T.P.), Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 2QQ
- Departments of Medicine (E.M.G., C.R., V.K.K.C.), Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 2QQ
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2000-12-01
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 4650-4656
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2138758697
- Cited by
- 386
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 16.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Hologic
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- dehydroepiandrosterone, Addison's disease, DHEA replacement therapy, DHEA sulfate, adrenal insufficiency, mood, fatigue, self-esteem, well-being, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, androstenedione, neurosteroids, central nervous system effects, glucocorticoid deficiency, mineralocorticoid deficiency
- MeSH terms
- Addison Disease, Adult, Affect, Aged, Body Composition, Cognition, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Double-Blind Method, Fatigue, Female, Hormones, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sexual Behavior, Bone Density, Cross-Over Studies, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate, Hormone Replacement Therapy
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