Cited by 189Exercise and Physiological ResponsesMuscle Physiology and DisordersAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases

Skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ

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Iizuka, Kenji, Machida, Takuji, Hirafuji, Masahiko·2014·Journal of Pharmacological Sciences

Abstract

Skeletal muscle plays a key role in postural retention as well as locomotion for maintaining the physical activities of human life. Skeletal muscle has a second role as an elaborate energy production and consumption system that influences the whole body's energy metabolism. Skeletal muscle is a specific organ that engenders a physical force, and exercise training has been known to bring about multiple benefits for human health maintenance and/or improvement. The mechanisms underlying the improvement of the human physical condition have been revealed: skeletal muscle synthesizes and secretes multiple factors, and these muscle-derived factors, so-called as myokines, exert beneficial effects on peripheral and remote organs. In this short review, we focus on the third aspect of skeletal muscle function - namely, the release of multiple types of myokines, which constitute a broad network for regulating the function of remote organs as well as skeletal muscle itself. We conclusively show that skeletal muscle is one of the endocrine organs and that understanding the mechanisms of production and secretion of myokines may lead to a new pharmacological approach for treatment of clinical disorders.

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  1. Demontis F, Piccirillo R, Goldberg AL, Perrimon N. The influ- ence of skeletal muscle on systemic aging and lifespan. Aging Cell. 2013;12:943-949.
  2. Sheehan SM, Tatsumi R, Temm-Grove CJ, Allen RE. HGF is an autocrine growth factor for skeletal muscle satellite cells in vitro. Muscle Nerve. 2000;23:239-245.

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Authors
Iizuka, K., Machida, T., & Hirafuji, M.
Affiliations
Health Sciences University of Hokkaido (JP)
Venue
Journal of Pharmacological Sciences
Published
2014
Volume
125
Issue
2
Pages
125-131
ISSN
  • 1347-8613 (ISSN-L)
  • 1347-8648
OpenAlex
W2088924661
Cited by
189
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 3
FWCI
1.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Pharmacological Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Keywords
skeletal muscle, myokines, exercise training, energy metabolism
MeSH terms
Collagen, Energy Metabolism, Fibronectins, Humans, Inhibins, Interleukins, Exercise, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Muscle, Skeletal, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Activins, Follistatin, Adipokines, Myostatin

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