Myokines as possible therapeutic targets in cancer cachexia
Open accessAbstract
Cachexia is an extremely serious syndrome which occurs in most patients with different cancers, and it is characterized by systemic inflammation, a negative protein and energy balance, and involuntary loss of body mass. This syndrome has a dramatic impact on the patient's quality of life, and it is also associated with a low response to chemotherapy leading to a decrease in survival. Despite this, cachexia is still underestimated and often untreated. New research is needed in this area to understand this complex phenomenon and ultimately find treatment methods and therapeutic targets. The skeletal muscle can act as an endocrine organ. Signaling between muscles and other systems is done through myokines, cytokines, and proteins produced and released by myocytes. In this review, we would like to draw attention to some of the most important myokines that could have potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets: myostatin, irisin, myonectin, decorin, fibroblast growth factor 21, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and interleukin-15.
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A few mechanistic studies have demonstrated a potential role of other myokines, including Oncostatin M, irisin, and SPARC in the suppression of breast and colon cancer growth.
“A few mechanistic studies have demonstrated a potential role of other myokines, including Oncostatin M, irisin, and SPARC in the suppression of breast and colon cancer growth (41, 224-227).”
From Muscle–Organ Crosstalk: The Emerging Roles of Myokines (2020) · cites this paper as [227]
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Rütti, S., Dusaulcy, R., Hansen, J. S., Howald, C., Dermitzakis, E. T., Pedersen, B. K., Pinget, M., Plomgaard, P., & Bouzakri, K. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28117-2 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Interleukin-15 Modulates Adipose Tissue by Altering Mitochondrial Mass and Activity
Barra, N. G., Palanivel, R., Denou, E., Chew, M. V., Gillgrass, A. E., Walker, T. D., Kong, J., Richards, C. D., Jordana, M., Collins, S. M., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114799 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Administration of myostatin does not alter fat mass in adult mice
Stolz, L. E., Li, D., Qadri, A., Jalenak, M., Klaman, L. D., & Tobin, J. F. (2006) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2006.00672.x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Association of Interleukin-8 Gene Polymorphism With Cachexia From Patients With Gastric Cancer
Song, B., Dianliang, Z., Hongmei, Z., et al. (2009) · Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research · doi:10.1089/jir.2009.0007 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Assessment of Soluble Angiogenic Markers in Pancreatic Cancer
Pistol-Tanase, C., Răducan, E., Dima, S., et al. (2008) · Biomarkers in Medicine · doi:10.2217/17520363.2.5.447 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Key signaling molecules in pituitary tumors
Tănase, C., Neagu, M. T., & Albulescu, R. (2009) · Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1586/erm.09.60 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Assessment of Tocilizumab in the Treatment of Cancer Cachexia
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Serum interleukin-15 levels in cancer patients with cachexia
Martínez-Hernández, P. L., HERNANZ-MACÍAS, Á., Gómez‐Candela, C., Grande-Aragón, C., Feliú-Batlle, J., de Castro, J., MARTÍNEZ-MUÑOZ, I., ZURITA-ROSA, L., Villarino-Sanz, M., Prados‐Sánchez, C., et al. (2012) · Oncology Reports · doi:10.3892/or.2012.1928 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Mechanism-based therapeutic approaches to cachexia.
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Muscle–Organ Crosstalk: The Emerging Roles of Myokines
Severinsen, M. C. K., & Pedersen, B. K. (2020) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaa016 · Cited by 1,226 · see citing works
“com/edrv A few mechanistic studies have demonstrated a potential role of other myokines, including Oncostatin M, irisin, and SPARC in the suppression of breast and colon cancer growth (41, 224-227).”
BackgroundPhysical Exercise and Myokines: Relationships with Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Complications
Barbalho, S. M., Flato, U. A. P., Tofano, R. J., Goulart, R. D. A., Guiguer, E. L., Detregiachi, C. R. P., Buchaim, D. V., Araújo, A. C., Buchaim, R. L., Reina, F. T. R., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21103607 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Myostatin and its Regulation: A Comprehensive Review of Myostatin Inhibiting Strategies
Baig, M. H., Ahmad, K., Moon, J. S., Park, S.-Y., Ho Lim, J., Chun, H. J., Qadri, A. F., Hwang, Y. C., Jan, A. T., Ahmad, S. S., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.876078 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
The role of FGF21 in the metabolic adjustments required for exercise capacity
Abe, L., & Dantzer, R. (2025) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2025.123940 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Manole, E., Ceafalan, L. C., Popescu, B. O., Dumitru, C., & Bastian, A. E.
- Affiliations
- Spitalul Clinic Colentina (RO)
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy (RO)
- Corresponding author
- Manole, Emilia
- Venue
- Journal of Immunology Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-10-22
- Volume
- 2018
- Pages
- 1-9
- ISSN
- 2314-7156 (ISSN-L)
- 2314-8861
- PMC
- PMC6217752
- OpenAlex
- W2896464059
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 6
- FWCI
- 0.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Immunology Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- REGMED (PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0782, PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0341)
- PATHDERM (PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0782, PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0341)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
- Keywords
- cancer cachexia, myokines, therapeutic target, skeletal muscle endocrine function, myostatin, irisin, myonectin, decorin, FGF21, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, IL-15, systemic inflammation, biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biological Therapy, Cachexia, Humans, Interleukins, Neoplasms, Weight Loss, Muscle, Skeletal, Paracrine Communication, Muscle Cells, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Molecular Targeted Therapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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