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A computational analysis of the relationship between neuronal and behavioral responses to visual motion
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We have documented previously a close relationship between neuronal activity in the middle temporal visual area (MT or V5) and behavioral judgments of motion (Newsome et al., 1989; Salzman et al., 1990; Britten et al., 1992; Britten et al., 1996). We have now used numerical simulations to try to understand how neural signals in area MT support psychophysical decisions. We developed a model that pools neuronal responses drawn from our physiological data set and compares average responses in different pools to produce psychophysical decisions. The structure of the model allows us to assess the relationship between "neuronal" input signals and simulated psychophysical performance using the same methods we have applied to real experimental data. We sought to reconcile three experimental observations: psychophysical performance (threshold sensitivity to motion stimuli embedded in noise), a trial-by-trial covariation between the neural response and the monkey's choices, and a modest correlation between pairs of MT neurons in their variable responses to identical visual stimuli. Our results can be most accurately simulated if psychophysical decisions are based on pools of at least 100 weakly correlated sensory neurons. The neurons composing the pools must include a broader range of sensitivities than we encountered in our MT recordings, presumably because of the inclusion of neurons whose optimal stimulus is different from the one being discriminated. Central sources of noise degrade the signal-to-noise ratio of the pooled signal, but this degradation is relatively small compared with the noise typically carried by single cortical neurons. This suggests that our monkeys base near-threshold psychophysical judgments on signals carried by populations of weakly interacting neurons; these populations include many neurons that are not tuned optimally for the particular stimuli being discriminated.
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The observed weak trial-by-trial correlations between neural activity and decisions are probably explained by the tendency of neurons with similar response characteristics (in this case, RFs) to covary in their variable discharge.
“the observed correlations are probably explained by the tendency of neurons with similar response characteristics (in this case, RFs) to covary in their variable discharge (Zohary et al., 1994;Shadlen et al., 1996;Parker and Newsome, 1998;Pezaris et al., 1999).”
From Bounded Integration in Parietal Cortex Underlies Decisions Even When Viewing Duration Is Dictated by the Environment (2008) · cites this paper as Shadlen et al., 1996
The influence of a single neuron on the probability of a post-decision wager is expected to be small because it is one member of a large population of neurons that govern behavior.
“The influence of a single neuron on the probability of a post-decision wager is expected to be small because it is but one member of a large population of neurons that govern the behavior, presumably (33–35).”
From Representation of Confidence Associated with a Decision by Neurons in the Parietal Cortex (2009) · cites this paper as [35]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Shadlen, M., Britten, K., Newsome, W., & Movshon, J.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- ORCID
- Movshon, JA
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 1996-02-15
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1486-1510
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6578557
- OpenAlex
- W1765390228
- Cited by
- 824
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 54 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 9.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute (EY 05603, R01EY002017, EY 02017)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (T32NS007158, NS-07158)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Keywords
- middle temporal area, MT neurons, visual motion perception, motion direction discrimination, population coding, decision-making, neural noise, signal-to-noise ratio, neuronal response variability, psychophysical thresholds
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Macaca mulatta, Models, Neurological, Neuronal Plasticity, Statistics as Topic, Visual Cortex, Visual Perception
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