Neural mechanisms of saccade target selection: gated accumulator model of the visual-motor cascade
Open accessAbstract
We review a new computational model developed to understand how evidence about stimulus salience in visual search is translated into a saccade command. The model uses the activity of visually responsive neurons in the frontal eye field as evidence for stimulus salience that is accumulated in a network of stochastic accumulators to produce accurate and timely saccades. We discovered that only when the input to the accumulation process was gated could the model account for the variability in search performance and predict the dynamics of movement neuron discharge rates. This union of cognitive modeling and neurophysiology indicates how the visual-motor transformation can occur, and provides a concrete mapping between neuron function and specific cognitive processes.
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A shift of attention can remain covert or be accompanied by saccades generated by a network including portions of the basal ganglia, superior colliculus, and frontal eye field.
“A shift of attention can remain covert – generating only an improvement in perceptual discrimination – or can be accompanied by saccades – rapid eye movements that are generated by a network of cortical and subcortical structures that includes portions of the basal ganglia, the superior colliculus and the frontal eye field (Schall et al., 2011; Stanford et al., 2010).”
From Attention, learning, and the value of information (2012) · cites this paper as Schall et al., 2011
Recent models of sensorimotor transformation for eye movement control propose a process of gated accumulation, whereby accumulation in saccade movement cells is insulated from visual selection until an eye movement becomes appropriate.
“Recent models synthesizing these findings have proposed a process of gated accumulation, whereby the accumulation of information in saccade movement cells is insulated from visual selection unless (or until) an eye movement becomes appropriate (Lo and Wang, 2006; Purcell et al., 2012; Schall et al., 2011).”
From Attention, learning, and the value of information (2012) · cites this paper as Schall et al., 2011
Neural responses to target selection can be flexibly linked with action, being coupled with a shift of gaze, a skeletal response, or no immediate motor action.
“Experiments that dissociate visual selection from motor output show that neural responses to target selection can be flexibly linked with action – for example, being coupled with a shift of gaze, with a skeletal response or with no immediate motor action (Balan et al., 2008; Bisley and Goldberg, 2003; Schall et al., 2011).”
From Attention, learning, and the value of information (2012) · cites this paper as Schall et al., 2011
The capacity for covert attention has been well-established in psychophysical research, and its correlates are found also in the frontal eye field.
“These neural responses are in some respect not surprising because the capacity for covert attention has been well-established in psychophysical research, and its correlates are found also in the frontal eye field (Schall et al., 2011; Thompson et al., 2005).”
From Attention, learning, and the value of information (2012) · cites this paper as Schall et al., 2011
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Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Munoz DP Schall JD Hall WC Moschovakis AK 2003 Concurrent distributed control of saccades The Oculomotor System: New Approaches for Studying Sensorimotor Integration CRC Press Boca Raton, FL 52 82
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Distinct neural mechanisms of distractor suppression in the frontal and parietal lobe
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Attention, learning, and the value of information
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“These neural responses are in some respect not surprising because the capacity for covert attention has been well-established in psychophysical research, and its correlates are found also in the frontal eye field (Schall et al., 2011; Thompson et al., 2005).”
BackgroundInfluentialSpatial attention, precision, and Bayesian inference: a study of saccadic response speed
Vossel, S., Mathys, C., Daunizeau, J., Bauer, M., Driver, J., Friston, K. J., & Stephan, K. E. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs418 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
- Authors
- Schall, J. D., Purcell, B. A., Heitz, R. P., Logan, G. D., & Palmeri, T. J.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schall, Jeffrey D.
- Venue
- European Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-06
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1991-2002
- ISSN
- 0953-816X (ISSN-L)
- 1460-9568
- PMC
- PMC3111938
- OpenAlex
- W2157721647
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 168
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 0.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- European Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute (F32EY019851, R01EY008890, P30EY008126)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P30HD015052)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- saccade target selection, visual search, stimulus salience, frontal eye field
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Macaca mulatta, Models, Neurological, Neurons, Saccades, Visual Fields, Visual Pathways, Visual Perception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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