Expression of Interneuron Markers in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex of the Developing Human and in Schizophrenia
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The onset of schizophrenia symptoms in late adolescence implies a neurodevelopmental trajectory for the disease. Indeed, the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory system shows protracted development, and GABA-ergic deficits are widely replicated in postmortem schizophrenia studies. The authors examined expression of several interneuron markers across postnatal human development and in schizophrenia to assess whether protracted development of certain interneuron subpopulations may be associated with a particular vulnerability in schizophrenia. METHOD: RNA was extracted postmortem from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of individuals from age 6 weeks to 49 years (N=68) and from a cohort of normal comparison subjects and schizophrenia patients (N=74, 37 pairs). Expression levels of parvalbumin, cholecystokinin, somatostatin, neuropeptide Y, calretinin, calbindin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Changes in calretinin protein levels were examined by Western blot. RESULTS: Interneuron marker genes followed one of three general expression profiles: either increasing (parvalbumin, cholecystokinin) or decreasing (somatostatin, calretinin, neuropeptide Y) in expression over postnatal life, with the most dramatic changes seen in the first few years before reaching a plateau; or increasing to peak expression in the toddler years before decreasing (calbindin, vasoactive intestinal peptide). mRNA expression of all genes, with the exception of calbindin (which increased), showed a reduction (8%-31%) in schizophrenia. Somatostatin showed the most dramatic reduction (31%) in schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that a heterogeneous population of interneurons is implicated in schizophrenia. Further studies are needed to determine whether specific interneuron subpopulations are altered or whether common or distinct upstream pathways are responsible for interneuron deficits in schizophrenia.
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Parvalbumin mRNA is reduced in schizophrenia, with the decrease specific to layers 3 and 4.
“lower levels of PV mRNA specifically in layers 3 and 4 (Fung et al, 2010;Hashimoto et al, 2003)”
From Reduced Labeling of Parvalbumin Neurons and Perineuronal Nets in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex of Subjects with Schizophrenia (2016) · cites this paper as Fung et al, 2010
In humans, mRNA for GABA receptor subunits and markers of inhibitory cell bodies change substantially across postnatal development, with some specific subunits and markers showing either positive or negative inflections around 10 years of age.
“In humans, mRNA for GABA receptor subunits (Duncan et al., 2010; Fillman et al., 2010) and markers of inhibitory cell bodies (Fung et al., 2010) change substantially across postnatal development, with some specific subunits and markers showing either positive or negative inflections around 10 years of age.”
From Does puberty mark a transition in sensitive periods for plasticity in the associative neocortex? (2017) · cites this paper as Fung et al., 2010
GABA receptors in frontal cortex demonstrate peripubertal changes that may influence cortical processing and plasticity.
“GABA receptors in frontal cortex also demonstrate peripubertal changes that may influence cortical processing and plasticity.”
From Does puberty mark a transition in sensitive periods for plasticity in the associative neocortex? (2017) · cites this paper as Fung et al., 2010
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- Authors
- Fung, S. J., Webster, M. J., Sivagnanasundaram, S., Duncan, C., Elashoff, M., & Weickert, C. S.
- Affiliations
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2010-12
- Volume
- 167
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1479-1488
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2125788186
- Cited by
- 366
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 17.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, interneurons, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, postnatal brain development, parvalbumin, somatostatin, cholecystokinin, calretinin, calbindin, neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal peptide, GABAergic system, gene expression, neurodevelopmental hypothesis
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Interneurons, Middle Aged, Neuropeptides, Parvalbumins, Schizophrenia, Prefrontal Cortex, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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