Bridging Consciousness and Cognition in Memory and Perception: Evidence for Both State and Strength Processes
Open accessAbstract
Subjective experience indicates that mental states are discrete, in the sense that memories and perceptions readily come to mind in some cases, but are entirely unavailable to awareness in others. However, a long history of psychophysical research has indicated that the discrete nature of mental states is largely epiphenomenal and that mental processes vary continuously in strength. We used a novel combination of behavioral methodologies to examine the processes underlying perception of complex images: (1) analysis of receiver operating characteristics (ROCs), (2) a modification of the change-detection flicker paradigm, and (3) subjective reports of conscious experience. These methods yielded converging results showing that perceptual judgments reflect the combined, yet functionally independent, contributions of two processes available to conscious experience: a state process of conscious perception and a strength process of knowing; processes that correspond to recollection and familiarity in long-term memory. In addition, insights from the perception experiments led to the discovery of a new recollection phenomenon in a long-term memory change detection paradigm. The apparent incompatibility between subjective experience and theories of cognition can be understood within a unified state-strength framework that links consciousness to cognition across the domains of perception and memory.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes.
Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.3.231 · Cited by 11,317 · cited 1× · see citing works
“To determine whether subjective reports of perceiving are associated with conscious access to veridical information [22], another group of individuals completed the perceive/know”
Background(1966) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 10,293 · see citing works
Signal detection theory and psychophysics
Ingleby, D. (1967) · Journal of Sound and Vibration · doi:10.1016/0022-460x(67)90197-6 · Cited by 8,616 · see citing works
Detection Theory: A User's Guide
Macmillan, N. A., & Creelman, C. D. (1991) · Cited by 5,415 · see citing works
Tulving, E. (1985) · Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/h0080017 · Cited by 4,638 · see citing works
The Nature of Recollection and Familiarity: A Review of 30 Years of Research
Yonelinas, A. P. (2002) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1006/jmla.2002.2864 · Cited by 3,840 · see citing works
Self-citationOn a confusion about a function of consciousness
Block, N. (1995) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00038188 · Cited by 3,364 · see citing works
Recognizing: The judgment of previous occurrence.
Mandler, G. (1980) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.87.3.252 · Cited by 2,753 · see citing works
Towards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: basic evidence and a workspace framework
Dehaene, S. (2001) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(00)00123-2 · Cited by 2,498 · see citing works
To See or not to See: The Need for Attention to Perceive Changes in Scenes
Rensink, R. A., O'Regan, J. K., & Clark, J. J. (1997) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00427.x · Cited by 2,372 · see citing works
Conscious, preconscious, and subliminal processing: a testable taxonomy
Dehaene, S., Changeux, J.-P., Naccache, L., Sackur, J., & Sergent, C. (2006) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.03.007 · Cited by 2,067 · see citing works
Discrete fixed-resolution representations in visual working memory
Zhang, W., & Luck, S. J. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06860 · Cited by 1,624 · see citing works
Decision Processes In Perception.
Swets, J. A., Jr. Tanner Wilson, P., & Birdsall, T. G. (1961) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0040547 · Cited by 1,328 · see citing works
A decision-making theory of visual detection.
Tanner, W. P., & Swets, J. A. (1954) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0058700 · Cited by 1,316 · see citing works
A lifespan database of adult facial stimuli
Minear, M. E., & Park, D. C. (2004) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03206543 · Cited by 1,227 · see citing works
Receiver-operating characteristics in recognition memory: evidence for a dual-process model.
Yonelinas, A. (1994) · Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.20.6.1341 · Cited by 1,193 · see citing works
Self-citationChange blindness: Past, present, and future
Simons, D. J., & Rensink, R. A. (2005) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.11.006 · Cited by 1,153 · see citing works
Receiver-operating characteristics in recognition memory: Evidence for a dual-process model.
Yonelinas, A. P. (1994) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.20.6.1341 · Cited by 1,152 · see citing works
Self-citationDynamic Shifts of Limited Working Memory Resources in Human Vision
Bays, P. M., & Husain, M. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1158023 · Cited by 1,111 · see citing works
The Dynamic Representation of Scenes
Rensink, R. A. (2000) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/135062800394667 · Cited by 1,079 · see citing works
Rossion, B., & Pourtois, G. (2004) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p5117 · Cited by 978 · see citing works
A detection theory account of change detection
Wilken, P., & Ma, W. J. (2004) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/4.12.11 · Cited by 775 · see citing works
Change-blindness as a result of ‘mudsplashes’
O'Regan, J. K., Rensink, R. A., & Clark, J. J. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/17953 · Cited by 679 · see citing works
Brodeur, M. B., Dionne-Dostie, E., Montreuil, T. C., & Lepage, M. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010773 · Cited by 666 · see citing works
Jones, L., Holmans, P. A., Hamshere, M. L., Harold, D., Moskvina, V., Ivanov, D., Pocklington, A., Abraham, R., Hollingworth, P., Sims, R., et al. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013950 · Cited by 606 · see citing works
Recollection and familiarity: Examining controversial assumptions and new directions
Yonelinas, A. P., Aly, M., Wang, W., & Koen, J. D. (2010) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20864 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
Self-citationComponents of episodic memory: the contribution of recollection and familiarity
Yonelinas, A. P. (2001) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0939 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Relation between Remembering and Knowing as Bases for Recognition: Effects of Size Congruency
Yonelinas, A., & Jacoby, L. (1995) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1006/jmla.1995.1028 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Self-citationSignal detection theory and human memory.
Banks, W. P. (1970) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0029531 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Seeing, sensing, and scrutinizing
Rensink, R. A. (2000) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(00)00003-1 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Recollection-like memory retrieval in rats is dependent on the hippocampus
Fortin, N. J., Wright, S. P., & Eichenbaum, H. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02853 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) in recognition memory: A review.
Yonelinas, A. P., & Parks, C. M. (2007) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.5.800 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Self-citationConsciousness, control, and confidence: the 3 Cs of recognition memory.
Yonelinas, A. (2001) · Journal of experimental psychology. General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.130.3.361 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Self-citationConsciousness, control, and confidence: The 3 Cs of recognition memory.
Yonelinas, A. P. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.130.3.361 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Self-citationAn assessment of fixed-capacity models of visual working memory
Rouder, J. N., Morey, R. D., Cowan, N., Zwilling, C. E., Morey, C. C., & Pratte, M. S. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0711295105 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Swets, J. A. (1961) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.134.3473.168 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Causal role of prefrontal cortex in the threshold for access to consciousness
Del Cul, A., Dehaene, S., Reyes, P., Bravo, E., & Slachevsky, A. (2009) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awp111 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Recognition memory and the operating characteristic.
Egan, J. P. (1958) · Cited by 315 · see citing works
A Threshold Theory for Simple Detection Experiments.
Luce, R. D. (1963) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0039723 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Signal-detectability theory of recognition-memory performance.
Parks, T. E. (1966) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0022662 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Rensink, R. A. (2004) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.01501005.x · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Theremember response: Subject to bias, graded, and not a process-pure indicator of recollection
Rotello, C. M., Macmillan, N., Reeder, J., & Wong, M. (2005) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03196778 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Remember/Know Judgments Probe Degrees of Recollection
Wais, P. E., Mickes, L., & Wixted, J. T. (2007) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2008.20041 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
The Medial Temporal Lobe Supports Conceptual Implicit Memory
Wang, W.-C., Lazzara, M. M., Ranganath, C., Knight, R., & Yonelinas, A. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.009 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationHow Are Different Properties of a Scene Encoded in Visual Memory?
Aginsky, V., Brown University, & Tarr, M. J. (2000) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/135062800394739 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Simons, D. J., Nevarez, G., & Boot, W. R. (2005) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01568.x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [13]Fechner GT 1860 Elemente der Psychophysik (Breitkopf & Hartel, Leipzig). English translation of Volume 1, HE Adler, Elements of Psychophysics, Eds Howes DH, Boring EG. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston. Reviewed by Swets JA (1961) Is there a sensory threshold? Science 134 168 177 13774294
Cited by
Sorted by citations
What is consciousness, and could machines have it?
Dehaene, S., Lau, H., & Kouider, S. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aan8871 · Cited by 855 · see citing works
Anterior hippocampus: the anatomy of perception, imagination and episodic memory
Zeidman, P., & Maguire, E. A. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2015.24 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Yonelinas, A. P. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.05.030 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Self-citationDistinct brain mechanisms for conscious versus subliminal error detection
Charles, L., Van Opstal, F., Marti, S., & Dehaene, S. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.01.054 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Constructing, Perceiving, and Maintaining Scenes: Hippocampal Activity and Connectivity
Zeidman, P., Mullally, S. L., & Maguire, E. A. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu266 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Yonelinas, A., & Jacoby, L. (2012) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-012-0205-5 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Self-citationDetecting Changes in Scenes: The Hippocampus Is Critical for Strength-Based Perception
Aly, M., Charan Ranganath, A., & Yonelinas, A. P. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.04.018 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationSpontaneous Fluctuations and Non-linear Ignitions: Two Dynamic Faces of Cortical Recurrent Loops
Moutard, C., Dehaene, S., & Malach, R. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.018 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Koen, J., Barrett, F., Harlow, I., & Yonelinas, A. (2016) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-016-0796-z · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationFamiliarity increases the number of remembered Pokémon in visual short-term memory
Xie, W., & Zhang, W. (2016) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-016-0679-7 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Developmental changes in visual short-term memory in infancy: evidence from eye-tracking
Oakes, L. M., Baumgartner, H. A., Barrett, F. S., Messenger, I. M., & Luck, S. J. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00697 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
What Is Consciousness, and Could Machines Have It?
Dehaene, S., Lau, H. C., & Kouider, S. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54173-6_4 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Koen, J. D., Borders, A. A., Petzold, M. T., & Yonelinas, A. P. (2016) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22682 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationXie, W., & Zhang, W. (2017) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-017-0739-7 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
von Braun, J., Archer, M. S., Reichberg, G. M., & Sorondo, M. S. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54173-6 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The role of recollection, familiarity, and the hippocampus in episodic and working memory
Yonelinas, A. P., Hawkins, C., Abovian, A., & Aly, M. (2023) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108777 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationElfman, K. W., Aly, M., & Yonelinas, A. (2014) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22345 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Irrationality of Categorical Perception
Fleming, S. M., Maloney, L. T., & Daw, N. D. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1263-13.2013 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Flexible weighting of diverse inputs makes hippocampal function malleable
Aly, M., & Turk-Browne, N. B. (2018) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.05.063 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationTowards an integrative theory of consciousness: Part 1 (Neurobiological and cognitive models)
De Sousa, A. (2013) · Mens Sana Monographs · doi:10.4103/0973-1229.109335 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Visual working memory impairments for single items following medial temporal lobe damage
Goodrich, R. I., Baer, T. L., Quent, J. A., & Yonelinas, A. P. (2019) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107227 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationKoen, J., Aly, M., Wang, W.-C., & Yonelinas, A. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0033671 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationFocusing on what matters: Modulation of the human hippocampus by relational attention
Córdova, N. I., Turk‐Browne, N. B., & Aly, M. (2019) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.23082 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationDoss, M. K., Samaha, J., Barrett, F. S., Griffiths, R. R., de Wit, H., Gallo, D. A., & Koen, J. D. (2023) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/rev0000455 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The medial temporal lobe supports sensing-based visual working memory
Goodrich, R. I., & Yonelinas, A. P. (2016) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.07.011 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationImpaired recollection of visual scene details in adults with autism spectrum conditions.
Cooper, R. A., Plaisted-Grant, K. C., Hannula, D. E., Charan Ranganath, A., Baron‐Cohen, S., & Simons, J. S. (2015) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000070 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Hannula, D. E., Ryan, J. D., & Warren, D. E. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-50406-3_10 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Dynamic by Design: How Incorporating Dynamism in Advertising Affects Evaluations
Mourey, J. A., & Elder, R. (2019) · Journal of the Association for Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/705035 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Yonelinas, A. P. (2023) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/rev0000432 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationControlling for performance capacity confounds in neuroimaging studies of conscious awareness
Morales, J., Chiang, J. N., & Lau, H. C. (2015) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niv008 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Prefrontal and Medial Temporal Lobe Cortical Contributions to Visual Short-Term Memory
Wu, Z., & Buckley, M. J. (2022) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01937 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Discrete item-based and continuous configural representations in visual short-term memory
Xie, W., & Zhang, W. (2017) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506285.2017.1339157 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Change detection on a hunch: Pre-attentive vision allows “sensing” of unique feature changes
Ball, F., & Busch, N. A. (2015) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-015-0963-9 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Neural Correlates of State- and Strength-based Perception
Aly, M., Ranganath, C., & Yonelinas, A. P. (2013) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00532 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationA systematic approach to brain dynamics: cognitive evolution theory of consciousness
Yurchenko, S. B. (2022) · Cognitive Neurodynamics · doi:10.1007/s11571-022-09863-6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Lewandowska, K., Gągol, A., Sikora-Wachowicz, B., Marek, T., & Fąfrowicz, M. (2019) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.03.001 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The effects of face inversion on perceiving- and sensing-based change detection.
Goodrich, R. I., & Yonelinas, A. P. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0000618 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationEye movements dissociate between perceiving, sensing, and unconscious change detection in scenes
Ramey, M. M., Henderson, J. M., & Yonelinas, A. P. (2022) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-022-02122-z · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationUnfamiliar face matching ability predicts the slope of face learning
Baker, K. A., & Mondloch, C. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-32244-w · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Cortical and subcortical contributions to state- and strength-based perceptual judgments
Aly, M., Wansard, M., Segovia, F., Yonelinas, A. P., & Bastin, C. (2014) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.09.025 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationGuillaume, F., Thomas, E. M., Faget, C., Richieri, R. M., & Lançon, C. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.060 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Unsupervised visual discrimination learning of complex stimuli: Accuracy, bias and generalization
Montefusco‐Siegmund, R., Toro, M., Maldonado, P., & Aylwin, M. D. L. L. (2018) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2018.05.002 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Hawkins, C., Venezia, J. H., Jenkins, E., Li, S., & Yonelinas, A. P. (2024) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105987 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationEarly Visual Processing and Perception Processes in Object Discrimination Learning
Quiñones, M., Gomez, D. M., Montefusco‐Siegmund, R., & Aylwin, M. D. L. L. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.617824 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Contributions of global and local processing on medical image perception
Park, H.-B., Azer, L., Ahn, S., Dinh, T.-D., Macias, G., Zhang, G., Chen, B. B., Ma, H., Botejue, M., Choi, E. H., et al. (2023) · Journal of medical imaging · doi:10.1117/1.jmi.10.s1.s11911 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Complex visual discrimination is impaired after right, but not left, anterior temporal lobectomy
Gardette, J., Mosca, C., Asien, C., Borg, C., Mazzola, L., Convers, P., Gal, G., Banjac, S., Baciu, M. V., Durocher, B., et al. (2023) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.23569 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Norris, S., & Yonelinas, A. P. (2025) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-025-01749-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychologie cognitive expérimentale
Dehaene, S. (2013) · L’annuaire du Collège de France · doi:10.4000/annuaire-cdf.1011 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dramatic changes to well-known places go unnoticed
Rosenbaum, R. S., Halilova, J. G., Agnihotri, S., D’angelo, M., Winocur, G., Ryan, J. D., & Moscovitch, M. (2024) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108818 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dramatic changes to well-known places go unnoticed
Rosenbaum, R. S., Halilova, J. G., Agnihotri, S., D'Angelo, M. C., Winocur, G., Ryan, J. D., & Moscovitch, M. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ypg96 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hawkins, C., & Yonelinas, A. P. (2024) · Frontiers in Cognition · doi:10.3389/fcogn.2024.1497281 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationWiegand, I., Utochkin, I., Mitra, A., Wu, C.-C., & Wolfe, J. M. (2026) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2026.106454 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
de Antioquia, U., Zapata, J. A. V., Castaño, L. C., & Vallejo, V. J. (2014) · Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana · doi:10.12804/apl32.2.2014.11
Neurocognitive networks in higher-level visual perception
Postans, M. (2015) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)
Age Differences in the Effects of Semantic Context on Speech Perception: The Role of Uncertainty.
Morton, J. R. (2016) · Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) · doi:10.7936/k737771k
Differences in the detail: Metacognition is better for seen than sensed changes to visual scenes
Salzman, K. D., Allen, K. R., & McAnally, K. I. (2023) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2023.103533
Cognitive modeling of lure discriminability in the Mnemonic Similarity Task
Ma, T., & Zhang, W. (2025) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-025-02785-1
Fisk, G. D. (2026) · Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s12124-026-09993-0
Memory’s double take: Dissociating two forms of recollection in visual working memory
Norris, S., & Yonelinas, A. (2026) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-026-01890-6
Self-citation
- Authors
- Aly, M., & Yonelinas, A. P.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Aly, Mariam
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2012-01-17
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e30231
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3260249
- OpenAlex
- W2048889396
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- University of California, Davis
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH083734, MH083734)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- conscious perception, state processes, recollection, familiarity, long-term memory, change detection, flicker paradigm, subjective experience, epiphenomenalism, receiver operating characteristic
- MeSH terms
- Cognition, Consciousness, Humans, Memory, Psychomotor Performance, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Young Adult, Memory, Long-Term
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
