A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial of transcranial direct current stimulation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Current standardized treatments for cognitive impairment in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder remain limited and their efficacy restricted. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising tool for enhancing cognitive performance in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, the effects of tDCS in reducing cognitive impairment in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have not yet been investigated. METHODS: A parallel, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial was conducted to examine the efficacy of tDCS on the modulation of inhibitory control in adults with ADHD. Thirty patients were randomly allocated to each group and performed a go/no-go task before and after a single session of either anodal stimulation (1 mA) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or sham stimulation. RESULTS: A nonparametric two-sample Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann-Whitney) test revealed no significant differences between the two groups of individuals with ADHD (tDCS vs. sham) in regard to behavioral performance in the go/no go tasks. Furthermore, the effect sizes of group differences after treatment for the primary outcome measures-correct responses, impulsivity and omission errors--were small. No adverse events resulting from stimulation were reported. CONCLUSION: According to these findings, there is no evidence in support of the use of anodal stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as an approach for improving inhibitory control in ADHD patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical study to assess the cognitive effects of tDCS in individuals with ADHD. Further research is needed to assess the clinical efficacy of tDCS in this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01968512.
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The largest study in adult ADHD applied one single session of 20 min of tDCS over left DLPFC with 1 mA in 60 ADHD adults randomized into sham or real tDCS and measured performance in a Go/no-go motor inhibition task, which was not improved by tDCS.
“The largest study in adult ADHD applied one single session of 20 min of tDCS over left DLPFC with 1 mA in 60 ADHD adults randomized into sham or real tDCS and measured performance in a Go/no-go motor inhibition task, which was not improved by tDCS (Cosmo et al., 2015).”
From Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation (2018) · cites this paper as Cosmo et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Cosmo, C., Baptista, A. F., de Araújo, A. N., do Rosário, R. S., Miranda, J. G. V., Montoya, P., & de Sena, E. P.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal da Bahia (BR)
- Research Institute of Health Sciences (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Cosmo, Camila
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2015-08-12
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e0135371
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4534404
- OpenAlex
- W1493163011
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9
- FWCI
- 3.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Docusalut (Conselleria de Salut i Consum del Govern de les Illes Balears) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Hispana (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Keywords
- transcranial direct current stimulation, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, inhibitory control, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anodal stimulation, go/no-go task, impulsivity, cognitive impairment, non-invasive brain stimulation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prefrontal Cortex, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
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