Activation of prefrontal cortex by transcranial direct current stimulation reduces appetite for risk during ambiguous decision making
Open accessAbstract
As adult humans, we are continuously faced with decisions in which proper weighing of the risk involved is critical. Excessively risky or overly cautious decision making can both have disastrous real-world consequences. Weighing of risks and benefits toward decision making involves a complex neural network that includes the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), but its role remains unclear. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation studies have shown that disruption of the DLPFC increases risk-taking behavior. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) allows upregulation of activity in the DLPFC, and we predicted that it might promote more cautious decision making. Healthy participants received one of the following treatments while they performed the Balloon Analog Risk Task: (1) right anodal/left cathodal DLPFC tDCS, (2) left anodal/right cathodal DLPFC tDCS, or (3) sham tDCS. This experiment revealed that participants receiving either one of the bilateral DLPFC tDCS strategies adopted a risk-averse response style. In a control experiment, we tested whether unilateral DLPFC stimulation (anodal tDCS over the right or left DLPFC with the cathodal electrode over the contralateral supraorbital area) was sufficient to decrease risk-taking behaviors. This experiment showed no difference in decision-making behaviors between the groups of unilateral DLPFC stimulation and sham stimulation. These findings extend the notion that DLPFC activity is critical for adaptive decision making, possibly by suppressing riskier responses. Anodal tDCS over DLPFC by itself did not significantly change risk-taking behaviors; however, when the contralateral DLPFC was modulated with cathodal tCDS, an important decrease in risk taking was observed. Also, the induced cautious decision-making behavior was observed only when activity of both DLPFCs was modulated. The ability to modify risk-taking behavior may be translated into therapeutic interventions for disorders such as drug abuse, overeating, or pathological gambling.
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tDCS targeting the dlPFC improves performance in working memory, impulsivity, and social cognition.
“tDCS targeting this region has been shown to improve performance across the domains of working memory (Fregni et al., 2005), impulsivity (Fecteau et al., 2007) and social cognition (Knoch et al., 2008).”
From Cortico-striatal-thalamic loop circuits of the salience network: A central pathway in psychiatric disease and treatment (2016) · cites this paper as Fecteau et al., 2007
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- Authors
- Fecteau, S., Pascual-Leone, A., Zald, D. H., Liguori, P., Theoret, H., Boggio, P. S., & Fregni, F.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie (BR)
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2007-06-06
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 6212-6218
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6672163
- OpenAlex
- W1969913560
- Cited by
- 446
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 11.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Harvard University
- National Institutes of Health (RR 01032, RO1-EY12091)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH069898)
- National Eye Institute (R01 EY12091, R01EY012091)
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01 DC 05672, R01DC005672)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK071851-01, R03DK071851)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01-NS 47754, R01 NS 20068, R01NS047754)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB005047)
- National Center for Research Resources (K24RR018875, M01-RR-01032, M01RR001032, MO1-RR01032)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- transcranial direct current stimulation, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, risk-taking, risk aversion, Balloon Analogue Risk Task, bilateral stimulation, anodal stimulation, cathodal stimulation, decision-making, neuromodulation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Male, Risk-Taking, Prefrontal Cortex, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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