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Cited by 66Cardiovascular and exercise physiologyMuscle metabolism and nutritionExercise and Physiological Responses

Dietary nitrate-induced increases in human muscle power: High versus low responders

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Coggan, Andrew R., Broadstreet, Seth R., Mikhalkova, Deana, Bole, Indra, Leibowitz, Joshua L., Kadkhodayan, Ana, Park, Soo, Thomas, Deepak P. +2 more·2018·Physiological Reports
DOI 10.14814/phy2.13575PMC PMC5789728
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Abstract

Maximal neuromuscular power is an important determinant of athletic performance and also quality of life, independence, and perhaps even mortality in patient populations. We have shown that dietary nitrate (NO3−), a source of nitric oxide (NO), improves muscle power in some, but not all, subjects. The present investigation was designed to identify factors contributing to this interindividual variability. Healthy men (n = 13) and women (n = 7) 22–79 year of age and weighing 52.1–114.9 kg were studied using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Subjects were tested 2 h after ingesting beetroot juice (BRJ) either containing or devoid of 12.3 ± 0.8 mmol of NO3−. Plasma NO3− and nitrite (NO2−) were measured as indicators of NO bioavailability and maximal knee extensor speed (Vmax), power (Pmax), and fatigability were determined via isokinetic dynamometry. On average, dietary NO3− increased (P < 0.05) Pmax by 4.4 ± 8.1%. Individual changes, however, ranged from −9.6 to +26.8%. This interindividual variability was not significantly correlated with age, body mass (inverse of NO3− dose per kg), body mass index (surrogate for body composition) or placebo trial Vmax or fatigue index (in vivo indicators of muscle fiber type distribution). In contrast, the relative increase in Pmax was significantly correlated (r = 0.60; P < 0.01) with the relative increase in plasma NO2− concentration. In multivariable analysis female sex also tended (P = 0.08) to be associated with a greater increase in Pmax. We conclude that the magnitude of the dietary NO3−-induced increase in muscle power is dependent upon the magnitude of the resulting increase in plasma NO2− and possibly female sex.

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  • Coggan et al. reported that the relative magnitude of the increase in knee-extensor peak power output following NO3− ingestion was positively correlated with the increase in plasma [NO2−].

    “This interpretation is reinforced by Coggan et al. [123] who reported that the relative magnitude of the increase in knee-extensor peak power output following NO3− ingestion was positively correlated with the increase in plasma [NO2−].”

    From Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Weightlifting Exercise Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review (2020) · cites this paper as [123]

  • RyR proteins contain a markedly greater number of sulfhydryl groups compared to other contractile proteins, which supports the proposed hypothesis that NO-mediated RyR modulation and Ca2+ release could contribute to enhanced muscle contractility following NO3− supplementation.

    “In addition, RyR proteins contain a markedly greater number of sulfhydryl groups compared to other contractile proteins [146], which supports the proposed hypothesis that NO-mediated RyR modulation and Ca2+ release could contribute to enhanced muscle contractility following NO3− supplementation [123].”

    From Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Weightlifting Exercise Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review (2020) · cites this paper as [123]

  • Enhanced skeletal muscle contractile function has been observed during electrically stimulated contractions, and enhanced peak power output has been observed during isokinetic dynamometry and cycling exercise.

    “Consistent with the potential for improved weightlifting exercise performance after NO3− supplementation, enhanced skeletal muscle contractile function has been observed during electrically stimulated contractions [95,96,103], and enhanced peak power output has been observed during isokinetic dynamometry [97,123,128] and cycling [45,57,60,129,130,131,132,133] exercise.”

    From Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Weightlifting Exercise Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review (2020) · cites this paper as [123]

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Authors
Coggan, A. R., Broadstreet, S. R., Mikhalkova, D., Bole, I., Leibowitz, J. L., Kadkhodayan, A., Park, S., Thomas, D. P., Thies, D., & Peterson, L. R.
Affiliations
  • Washington University in St. Louis (US)
  • Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis (US)
Corresponding author
Coggan, Andrew R.
ORCID
Venue
Physiological Reports
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2018-01
Volume
6
Issue
2
Pages
e13575
ISSN
2051-817X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.14814/phy2.13575
PMC
PMC5789728
OpenAlex
W2790692940
Cited by
66
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5
FWCI
10.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Physiological Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Purdue University Indianapolis (Indiana University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • PMC
Funders
  • Foundation for Barnes-Jewish Hospital
  • Washington University Mentors in Medicine and C-STAR programs
  • Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences (UL1 TR000448)
  • National Institutes of Health
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Keywords
dietary nitrate, beetroot juice, nitric oxide bioavailability, plasma nitrite, muscle power, quadriceps strength, interindividual variability, sex differences, muscle fatigue, nitric oxide donors
MeSH terms
Fruit and Vegetable Juices, Adult, Aged, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nitrates, Nitric Oxide, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Plant Roots, Cross-Over Studies, Dietary Supplements, Beta vulgaris, Athletic Performance, Young Adult

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