Brain mechanisms of propofol-induced loss of consciousness in humans: A positron emission tomographic study
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In the present study, we used positron emission tomography to investigate changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during a general anesthetic infusion set to produce a gradual transition from the awake state to unconsciousness. Five right-handed human volunteers participated in the study. They were given propofol with a computer-controlled infusion pump to achieve three stable levels of plasma concentrations corresponding to mild sedation, deep sedation, and unconsciousness, the latter defined as unresponsiveness to verbal commands. During awake baseline and each of the three levels of sedation, two scans were acquired after injection of an H 2 15 O bolus. Global as well as regional CBF were determined and correlated with propofol concentrations. In addition, blood flow changes in the thalamus were correlated with those of the entire scanned volume to determine areas of coordinated changes. In addition to a generalized decrease in global CBF, large regional decreases in CBF occurred bilaterally in the medial thalamus, the cuneus and precuneus, and the posterior cingulate, orbitofrontal, and right angular gyri. Furthermore, a significant covariation between the thalamic and midbrain blood flow changes was observed, suggesting a close functional relationship between the two structures. We suggest that, at the concentrations attained, propofol preferentially decreases rCBF in brain regions previously implicated in the regulation of arousal, performance of associative functions, and autonomic control. Our data support the hypothesis that anesthetics induce behavioral changes via a preferential, concentration-dependent effect on specific neuronal networks rather than through a nonspecific, generalized effect on the brain.
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A broad range of anesthetics cause metabolic depression of the thalamus.
“The original theory was motivated by the observation of metabolic depression of the thalamus by a broad range of anesthetics [127–129].”
From The Biology of General Anesthesia from Paramecium to Primate (2019) · cites this paper as [129]
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Association of Body Mass and Brain Activation during Gastric Distention: Implications for Obesity
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- Authors
- Fiset, P., Paus, T., Daloze, T., Plourde, G., Meuret, P., Bonhomme, V., Hajj-Ali, N., Backman, S. B., & Evans, A. C.
- Affiliations
- McGill University Health Centre (CA)
- Pediatrics and Genetics (US)
- Université de Montréal (CA)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 1999-07-01
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 5506-5513
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6782309
- OpenAlex
- W1588401088
- Cited by
- 475
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 22.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ORBi (University of Liège) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- propofol, loss of consciousness, general anesthesia, regional cerebral blood flow, thalamus, midbrain, arousal regulation, sedation, brain networks
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anesthesia, General, Carbon Dioxide, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Consciousness, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Electroencephalography, Female, Hemodynamics, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Male, Mesencephalon, Nerve Net, Regional Blood Flow, Thalamus, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Propofol, Anesthetics, Intravenous
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