Bone marrow-derived cells that populate the adult mouse brain preserve their hematopoietic identity
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Cytogenesis in the adult brain can result from the recruitment of circulating precursors, but the proposal that some such cells transdifferentiate into neural elements is controversial. We have reinvestigated this issue by following the phenotypic fate of bone marrow cells expressing the green fluorescent protein transplanted into the systemic circulation of irradiated mice. Thousands of donor-derived cells were detected throughout brains of recipients killed 1-12 months after transplantation, but none displayed neuronal, macroglial, or endothelial characteristics, even after injury. Among those that crossed the endothelium of the cerebral cortex, >99.7% were identified as perivascular macrophages. Newly formed parenchymal microglia were found in significant numbers only in the cerebellum and at injury sites. Therefore, bone marrow does supply the mature brain with new specialized cells; however, mesenchymal precursors neither adopt neural phenotypes nor contribute to cerebral vascular remodeling. This continuous traffic of macrophages across the blood-brain barrier provides a vehicle to introduce therapeutic genes into the nervous system.
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PVMs are resident brain macrophages located in the intracerebral perivascular space, closely apposed to the outer vessel wall, and derived from hematopoietic precursors.
“Residing in the intracerebral perivascular space, delimited by the glia limitans and the vascular basement membrane (Virchow-Robin space), PVMs are closely apposed to the outer vessel wall and originate from hematopoietic precursors (18,20,21).”
From Perivascular macrophages mediate the neurovascular and cognitive dysfunction associated with hypertension (2016) · cites this paper as [21]
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- Authors
- Vallières, L., & Sawchenko, P. E.
- Affiliations
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2003-06-15
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 5197-5207
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6741180
- OpenAlex
- W1894599871
- Cited by
- 245
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 5.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
- National Institutes of Health (NS21182)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS21182, R37NS021182, R01NS021182)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Keywords
- bone marrow-derived cells, transdifferentiation, adult neurogenesis, perivascular macrophages, microglia, blood-brain barrier, mesenchymal precursors, brain injury, gene therapy delivery, green fluorescent protein tagging, irradiated mice
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood-Brain Barrier, Bone Marrow Cells, Brain, Brain Injuries, Cell Count, Cell Differentiation, Cell Division, Cerebral Decortication, Hematopoietic System, Luminescent Proteins, Macrophages, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Phenotype, Time, Bone Marrow Transplantation, Microglia, Genes, Reporter, Cell Lineage, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Mice
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