Cited by 371Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsTraumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular DisturbancesNeurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

Neuroprotective role of the innate immune system by microglia

Glezer, I., Simard, A.R., Rivest, S.·2007·Neuroscience

Abstract

Innate immunity is a rapid series of reactions to pathogens, cell injuries and toxic proteins. A key component of this natural response is the production of inflammatory mediators by resident microglia and infiltrating macrophages. There is accumulating evidence that inflammation contributes to acute injuries and more chronic CNS diseases, though other studies have shown that inhibition of microglia is, in contrast, associated with more damages or less repair. The controversies regarding the neuroprotective and neurodegenerative properties of microglia may depend on the experimental approaches. Neurotoxic substances are frequently used to produce animal models of acute injuries or diseases and they may activate microglia either directly or indirectly by their ability to cause neuronal death and demyelination. Whether microglia and the immune response play a direct role in such processes still remains an open question. On the other hand, there are data supporting the role of resident microglia and those derived from the bone marrow in the stimulation of myelin repair, removal of toxic proteins from the CNS and the prevention of neurodegeneration in chronic brain diseases. The ability of glucocorticoids to provide a negative feedback on nuclear factor kappa B pathways in microglia may be a determinant mechanism underlying the ultimate fate of the inflammatory response in the CNS. This review presents new concepts regarding the neuroprotective role of the innate immune response in the brain and how microglia can be directed to improve recovery after injuries and prevent/delay neurodegeneration.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.02.055

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102 of 102 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • In certain circumstances, neuroinflammation can help stimulate myelin repair or remove toxic aggregated proteins and cell debris from the CNS.

    “However, in certain circumstances, the neuroinflammation can help stimulate myelin repair or remove toxic aggregated proteins and cell debris from CNS (Ding et al., 2004; Simard et al., 2006; Glezer et al., 2007).”
  • Pharmacological ablation of GR signaling with RU486 hinders the LPS-mediated expression of various immune genes involved in host defense, such as IL-1beta.

    “Notably, the pharmacological ablation of GR signaling with RU486 was found to hinder the LPS-mediated expression of various immune genes involved in host defense, such as IL-1β (153).”

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Authors
Glezer, I., Simard, A. R., & Rivest, S.
Affiliations
Centre hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CA)
Venue
Neuroscience
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2007-07
Volume
147
Issue
4
Pages
867-883
ISSN
0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2074753416
Cited by
371
References
102
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 32
FWCI
2.42
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords
microglia, innate immunity, neuroprotection, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, macrophages, remyelination, demyelination, glucocorticoids, NF-κB, neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain Diseases, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Models, Biological, Signal Transduction, Cytokines, Microglia, Toll-Like Receptors

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