Individual Differences in Amygdala Activity Predict Response Speed during Working Memory
Open accessAbstract
The human amygdala has classically been viewed as a brain structure primarily related to emotions and dissociated from higher cognition. We report here findings suggesting that the human amygdala also has a role in supporting working memory (WM), a canonical higher cognitive function. In a first functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study (n= 53), individual differences in amygdala activity predicted behavioral performance in a 3-back WM task. Specifically, higher event-related amygdala amplitude predicted faster response time (RT;r= −0.64), with no loss of accuracy. This relationship was not contingent on mood state, task content, or personality variables. In a second fMRI study (n= 21), we replicated the key finding (r= −0.47) and further showed that the correlation between the amygdala and faster RT was specific to a high working memory load condition (3-back) compared with a low working memory load condition (1-back). These results support models of amygdala function that can account for its involvement not only in emotion but also higher cognition.
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The amygdala, thalamus, striatum, and corpus callosum have been implicated in performance on the N-Back previously.
“These regions have been implicated in performance on the N‐Back previously (Dahlin, Neely, Larsson, Bäckman, & Nyberg, 2008; Kubat‐Silman, Dagenbach, & Absher, 2002; Schaefer et al., 2006; Takeuchi et al., 2010; Zou, Hong, Wang, Gao, & Yang, 2011).”
From Brain structure, working memory and response inhibition in childhood leukemia survivors (2017) · cites this paper as Schaefer et al., 2006
Table 1 (Functional imaging and data analysis; page unavailable) lists both amygdalae among regions correlated with 3-back reaction time. It does not list the thalamus, striatum, or corpus callosum, and the Discussion’s account of other regions associated with performance does not identify them. This source therefore supports the amygdala portion, but not the other three regions attributed to it. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Schaefer, A., Braver, T. S., Reynolds, J. R., Burgess, G. C., Yarkoni, T., & Gray, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2006-10-04
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 40
- Pages
- 10120-10128
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC1851922
- OpenAlex
- W1990528118
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH066088, MH66088)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- amygdala, working memory, individual differences, response speed, event-related potentials, 3-back task, working memory load, cognitive function, emotion and cognition
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Amygdala, Female, Humans, Individuality, Male, Memory, Photic Stimulation, Predictive Value of Tests, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Regression Analysis, Linear Models
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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