Learning to Like: A Role for Human Orbitofrontal Cortex in Conditioned Reward
Open accessAbstract
A great deal of human behavior and motivation is based on the intrinsic emotional significance of rewarding or aversive events, as well as on the associations formed between such emotional events and concurrent environmental stimuli. Recent functional neuroimaging studies have implicated the ventral striatum, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and amygdala in the representation of reward values and/or in the anticipation of rewarding events. Here, we use functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare brain activation during the presentation of reward with that during presentation of (conditioned) stimuli that have been paired previously with reward. Specifically, we aimed to investigate conditioned reward in the absence of explicit reward anticipation. Twenty-two healthy volunteers were scanned while monochrome visual patterns were incidentally associated with reward or negative feedback in the context of a simple card game. In the subsequent session, visual patterns, including the conditioned stimuli, were presented without reward or negative feedback, and the affective valence of these stimuli was assessed behaviorally. The presentation of reward compared with negative feedback activated the ventral striatum and OFC. Activation in the same OFC region was observed when, in the subsequent session, subjects passively viewed the stimuli that had been paired with reward, without the administration of reward and with subjects being essentially unaware of the conditioning manipulation. These findings suggest that the OFC in humans plays an important role in the representation of both rewarding stimuli and conditioned stimuli that have acquired reward value.
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The OFC plays a role in learning stimulus-reinforcement associations and conditioning.
“The OFC plays a role in learning stimulus-reinforcement associations and conditioning (118,119), supports conditioned-cue-elicited feeding (120) and probably contributes to overeating irrespective of hunger signals (121).”
From Obesity and addiction: Neurobiological overlaps (2013) · cites this paper as [118]
The OFC plays a role in learning stimulus-reinforcement associations and conditioning, supports conditioned-cue elicited feeding, and probably contributes to overeating irrespective of hunger signals.
“The OFC plays a role in learning stimulus-reinforcement associations and conditioning (Cox et al 2005;Gallagher et al 1999), supports conditioned-cue elicited feeding (Weingarten 1983), and probably contributes to overeating irrespective of hunger signals (Ogden and Wardle 1990).”
From Food and Drug Reward: Overlapping Circuits in Human Obesity and Addiction (2011) · cites this paper as Cox et al 2005
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Emotional Reactions after Event Learning
Andreatta, M. (2010)
- Authors
- Cox, S. M. L., Andrade, A., & Johnsrude, I. S.
- Affiliations
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (GB)
- University of Lisbon (PT)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2005-03-09
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2733-2740
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6725165
- OpenAlex
- W2169500536
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 4.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Scholarship@Western (Western University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- orbitofrontal cortex, conditioned reward, ventral striatum, amygdala, reward anticipation, emotional valence, conditioned stimulus, negative feedback
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Conditioning, Psychological, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Learning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Photic Stimulation, Reward
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