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Cited by 942Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorMemory and Neural Mechanisms

Reward processing in primate orbitofrontal cortex and basal ganglia

Schultz, W.·2000·Cerebral Cortex
DOI 10.1093/cercor/10.3.272
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Abstract

This article reviews and interprets neuronal activities related to the expectation and delivery of reward in the primate orbitofrontal cortex, in comparison with slowly discharging neurons in the striatum (caudate, putamen and ventral striatum, including nucleus accumbens) and midbrain dopamine neurons. Orbitofrontal neurons showed three principal forms of reward-related activity during the performance of delayed response tasks, namely responses to reward-predicting instructions, activations during the expectation period immediately preceding reward and responses following reward. These activations discriminated between different rewards, often on the basis of the animals' preferences. Neurons in the striatum were also activated in relation to the expectation and detection of reward but in addition showed activities related to the preparation, initiation and execution of movements which reflected the expected reward. Dopamine neurons responded to rewards and reward-predicting stimuli, and coded an error in the prediction of reward. Thus, the investigated cortical and basal ganglia structures showed multiple, heterogeneous, partly simultaneous activations which were related to specific aspects of rewards. These activations may represent the neuronal substrates of rewards during learning and established behavioral performance. The processing of reward expectations suggests an access to central representations of rewards which may be used for the neuronal control of goaldirected behavior.

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Crossref · 10.1093/cercor/10.3.272

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  • Phasic bursts are large when an organism encounters novel rewarding stimuli or when cues during learning indicate the possibility of a valued reward when reward delivery is uncertain.

    “Phasic bursts are large when an organism encounters novel rewarding stimuli (Schultz et al., 2000) or when cues during learning indicate the possibility of a valued reward when reward delivery is uncertain.”

    From Incentive Motivation, Cognitive Control, and the Adolescent Brain: Is It Time for a Paradigm Shift? (2012) · cites this paper as Schultz et al., 2000

  • When reward delivery is fully predictable from experience, phasic firing declines, indicating that learning is established.

    “When reward delivery is fully predictable from experience, phasic firing declines, indicating that learning is established (Schultz et al., 2000).”

    From Incentive Motivation, Cognitive Control, and the Adolescent Brain: Is It Time for a Paradigm Shift? (2012) · cites this paper as Schultz et al., 2000

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Authors
Schultz, W.
Affiliations
University of Fribourg (CH)
Corresponding author
Schultz, W.
Venue
Cerebral Cortex
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2000-03-01
Volume
10
Issue
3
Pages
272-283
ISSN
  • 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-2199
DOI
10.1093/cercor/10.3.272
OpenAlex
W2111746164
Cited by
942
References
81
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 50
FWCI
21.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords
reward processing, orbitofrontal cortex, basal ganglia, striatum, nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, putamen, dopaminergic neurons, reward anticipation, reward prediction, delayed response task, motor preparation, prediction error, goal-directed behavior, primate neuroscience
MeSH terms
Animals, Basal Ganglia, Behavior, Animal, Dopamine, Electrophysiology, Frontal Lobe, Goals, Macaca fascicularis, Mental Processes, Neurons, Reward

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