CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 259Vitamin D Research StudiesChild Nutrition and Water AccessMaternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum

Maternal serum vitamin D levels during pregnancy and offspring neurocognitive development

Whitehouse, Andrew J. O., Holt, Barbara J., Serralha, Michael, Holt, Patrick G., Kusel, Merci M. H., Hart, Prue H.·2012·Pediatrics
DOI 10.1542/peds.2011-2644
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between maternal serum 25(OH)-vitamin D concentrations during a critical window of fetal neurodevelopment and behavioral, emotional, and language outcomes of offspring. METHODS: Serum 25(OH)-vitamin D concentrations of 743 Caucasian women in Perth, Western Australia (32°S) were measured at 18 weeks pregnancy and grouped into quartiles. Offspring behavior was measured with the Child Behavior Checklist at 2, 5, 8, 10, 14, and 17 years of age (n range = 412–652). Receptive language was assessed with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Revised at ages 5 (n = 534) and 10 (n = 474) years. Raw scores were converted to standardized scores, incorporating cutoffs for clinically significant levels of difficulty. RESULTS: χ2 analyses revealed no significant associations between maternal 25(OH)-vitamin D serum quartiles and offspring behavioral/emotional problems at any age. In contrast, there were significant linear trends between quartiles of maternal vitamin D levels and language impairment at 5 and 10 years of age. Multivariate regression analyses, incorporating a range of confounding variables, found that the risk of women with vitamin D insufficiency (≤46 nmol/L) during pregnancy having a child with clinically significant language difficulties was increased close to twofold compared with women with vitamin D levels >70 nmol/L. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal vitamin D insufficiency during pregnancy is significantly associated with offspring language impairment. Maternal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy may reduce the risk of developmental language difficulties among their children.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1542/peds.2011-2644

Cites

55 of 55 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • At follow-up, the sample size was smaller (n = 178) and the attrition rate was higher (70%) in the Gale et al. study than in the Whitehouse et al. and Morales et al. studies (n = 412 and 50% and n = 1826 and 25%, respectively).

    “At the follow-up, the sample size was smaller (n = 178) and the attrition rate was higher (70%) in the Gale et al. study [104] than the Whitehouse et al. and Morales et al. studies (n = 412 and 50% and n = 1826 and 25%, respectively) [94,103].”

    From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [94]

  • Whitehouse et al. (2012) reported a significant positive relationship between the severity of maternal vitamin D deficiency and the severity of language impairment (mild and moderate to severe) in children at five and 10 years of age.

    “Whitehouse et al. (2012) reported a significant positive relationship between the severity of maternal vitamin D deficiency and the severity of the language impairment (mild and moderate to severe) in children at five and 10 years of age [94].”

    From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [94]

  • Maternal 25(OH)D concentration <46 nmol/L was associated with significant language difficulties in the offspring at ages 5 and 10 years compared with those offspring of mothers with 25(OH)D concentrations >70 nmol/L, while controlling for several variables.

    “While controlling for several variables, maternal 25(OH)D concentration <46 nmol/L was associated with significant language difficulties in the offspring at ages 5 and 10 years compared with those offspring of mothers with 25(OH)D concentrations >70 nmol/L [94].”

    From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [94]

  • Whitehouse et al. (2012) and Morale et al. (2012) showed that lower maternal 25(OH)D concentration in pregnancy (weeks 18 and 13.5, respectively) was associated with more language difficulties and mental and psychomotor outcomes in offspring, respectively.

    “Consistent with these findings, Whitehouse et al. (2012) and Morale et al. (2012) also showed that lower maternal 25(OH)D concentration in pregnancy (weeks 18 and 13.5, respectively) was associated with more language difficulties and mental and psychomotor outcomes in offspring, respectively [94,103].”

    From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [94]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Whitehouse, A. J. O., Holt, B. J., Serralha, M., Holt, P. G., Kusel, M. M. H., & Hart, P. H.
Affiliations
The Kids Research Institute Australia (AU)
ORCID
Venue
Pediatrics
Publisher
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Published
2012-03-01
Volume
129
Issue
3
Pages
485-493
ISSN
  • 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-4275
DOI
10.1542/peds.2011-2644
OpenAlex
W2163311262
Cited by
259
References
55
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 16
FWCI
17.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Keywords
maternal vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D insufficiency, pregnancy, fetal brain development, receptive language, emotional and behavioral problems, maternal vitamin D supplementation, Child Behavior Checklist, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised
MeSH terms
Adult, Age Factors, Child, Developmental Disabilities, Child, Preschool, Cognition Disorders, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Language Development, Language Development Disorders, Male, Nervous System Diseases, Pregnancy, Prenatal Care, Prognosis, Reference Values, Retrospective Studies, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency, Cohort Studies, Multivariate Analysis, Confidence Intervals, Odds Ratio, Risk Assessment

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review