Transcranial direct current stimulation in obsessive–compulsive disorder: emerging clinical evidence and considerations for optimal montage of electrodes
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Neuromodulation techniques for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) treatment have expanded with greater understanding of the brain circuits involved. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) might be a potential new treatment for OCD, although the optimal montage is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review on meta-analyses of repetitive transcranianal magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) trials for OCD, aiming to identify brain stimulation targets for future tDCS trials and to support the empirical evidence with computer head modeling analysis. METHODS: Systematic reviews of rTMS and DBS trials on OCD in Pubmed/MEDLINE were searched. For the tDCS computational analysis, we employed head models with the goal of optimally targeting current delivery to structures of interest. RESULTS: Only three references matched our eligibility criteria. We simulated four different electrodes montages and analyzed current direction and intensity. CONCLUSION: Although DBS, rTMS and tDCS are not directly comparable and our theoretical model, based on DBS and rTMS targets, needs empirical validation, we found that the tDCS montage with the cathode over the pre-supplementary motor area and extra-cephalic anode seems to activate most of the areas related to OCD.
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tDCS with the cathode over pre-SMA and the anode over an extra-cephalic region has shown some efficacy in reducing OCD symptom severity.
“Senço et al. [113] proposed using tDCS with the cathode over pre-SMA and anode over an extra-cephalic region, a montage that has shown some efficacy in reducing OCD symptom severity [114].”
From Toward a neurocircuit-based taxonomy to guide treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [113]
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“Finally, in their meta-analysis, Berlim et al.[73] found that repetitive TMS was an effective augmentation for medication when treating refractory OCD.”
BackgroundInfluentialD'Urso, G., Brunoni, A. R., Mazzaferro, M. P., Anastasia, A., de Bartolomeis, A., & Mantovani, A. (2016) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22578 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Senço, N. M., Huang, Y., D’Urso, G., Parra, L. C., Bikson, M., Mantovani, A., Shavitt, R. G., Hoexter, M. Q., Miguel, E. C., & Brunoni, A. R.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- City College of New York (US)
- University of Naples Federico II (IT)
- City University of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Senço, Natasha M
- ORCID
- Venue
- Expert Review of Medical Devices
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-05-17
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 381-391
- ISSN
- 1743-4440 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-2422
- PMC
- PMC5777161
- OpenAlex
- W1918915114
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 1.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Expert Review of Medical Devices (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R41NS076123)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Keywords
- transcranial direct current stimulation, obsessive-compulsive disorder, electrode montage, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, deep brain stimulation, pre-supplementary motor area
- MeSH terms
- Electrodes, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Biological, Motor Cortex, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, MEDLINE, Magnetic Field Therapy, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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