Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Pain Severity and Mindful Awareness in Patients With Tension Headache: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Programs to improve the pain and health status in illnesses with pain such as headache are still in their infancy. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) is a new psychotherapy that appears to be effective in treating chronic pain. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated efficacy of MBSR in improving pain severity and mindful awareness in patients with tension headache. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial that was conducted in 2012 in Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan City. Sixty patients who were diagnosed with tension-type headache according to the International Headache Classification Subcommittee were randomly assigned to treatment as usual (TAU) or MBSR groups. The MBSR group received eight weekly treatments. Any session lasted 120 minutes. The sessions were based on MBSR protocol. Diary scale for measuring headache and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) were administered at pretreatment, and posttreatment, and three-month follow-up in both groups. The data was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: The mean of pain severity was 7.36 ± 1.25 before intervention that was significantly reduced to 5.62 ± 1.74 and 6.07 ± 1.08 after the intervention and follow-up (P < 0.001). In addition, the MBSR group showed higher scores in mindful awareness in comparison with the control group at posttest session. The mean of mindful awareness before intervention was 34.9 ± 10.5 and changed to 53.8 ± 15.5 and 40.7 ± 10.9 after the intervention and follow-up sessions (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: MBSR could reduce pain and improve mindfulness skills in patients with tension headache. It appears that MBSR is an effective psychotherapy for treatment of patients with tension headache.
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The relatively short duration of this study's intervention sessions may explain the lack of measurable short-term effects.
“it is possible that the relatively short duration of this study’s intervention sessions (as compared to the traditional stress reduction intervention session that could last up to 120 minutes [42]) may explain the lack of measurable short-term effects, since researchers in the past have noted the possible link between the shorter duration of mindfulness sessions and the lack of significant mental”
From Mobile-Delivered Mindfulness Intervention on Anxiety Level Among College Athletes: Randomized Controlled Trial (2024) · cites this paper as [42]
Citation [42] is attached to the comparison with traditional stress-reduction sessions lasting up to 120 minutes, not to the citing authors’ proposed explanation for their own results. The Methods and intervention curriculum describe eight weeks of MBSR training but do not give session length. The 120-minute figure appears only in the source paper’s abstract, which is not admissible evidence under the stated rubric. (LLM, conf=0.72)
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- Authors
- Omidi, A., & Zargar, F.
- Affiliations
- Kashan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Zargar, Fatemeh
- Venue
- Nursing and Midwifery Studies
- Publisher
- Medknow
- Published
- 2014-09-20
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e21136-e21136
- ISSN
- 2322-1488 (ISSN-L)
- 2322-1674
- PMC
- PMC4332994
- OpenAlex
- W2102238188
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 8.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Nursing and Midwifery Studies (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Migraine and Headache Studies
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Complementary and Manual Therapy › Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based stress reduction, tension-type headache, pain intensity, mindful awareness, mindfulness-based psychotherapy, chronic headache, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale
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