Implication of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the physiopathology of depression
Open accessAbstract
Major alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system that can be reversed by successful antidepressant therapy are often seen in depressed patients. Persuasive evidence points to the involvement of a dysfunctional glucocorticoid receptor (GR) system in these changes. Support for this also comes from studies of transgenic mice that express an antisense RNA, complementary to the GR mRNA, and have numerous neuroendocrine characteristics of human depression as well as altered behaviour. Many of these neuroendocrine and behavioural characteristics of the transgenic mice can be reversed by antidepressants. A possible explanation for this is that the antidepressant-induced increase in GRs renders the HPA axis more sensitive to glucocorticoid feedback. This new insight into antidepressant drug action suggests a novel approach to the development of antidepressant drugs.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Pharmacological treatment can modulate cortisol levels independently of promoting remission of depressive symptoms.
“Previous studies have shown that pharmacological treatment can modulate cortisol levels independently of promoting remission of depressive symptoms. [8][9]][10]”
From Can physical exercise modulate cortisol level in subjects with depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis (2018) · cites this paper as [8]
Cites
Two receptor systems for corticosterone in rat brain: Microdistribution and differential occupation
REUL, J. M. H. M., & KLOET, E. R. D. (1985) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-117-6-2505 · Cited by 2,580 · see citing works
Disruption of the glucocorticoid receptor gene in the nervous system results in reduced anxiety
Tronche, F., Kellendonk, C., Kretz, O., Gass, P., Anlag, K., Orban, P. C., Bock, R., Klein, R., & Schütz, G. (1999) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/12703 · Cited by 1,841 · see citing works
JACOBSON, L., & SAPOLSKY, R. (1991) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-12-2-118 · Cited by 1,739 · see citing works
Nemeroff, C. B., Widerlöv, E., Bissette, G., Walléus, H., Karlsson, I., Eklund, K., Kilts, C. D., Loosen, P. T., & Vale, W. (1984) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6334362 · Cited by 1,485 · see citing works
Dunn, A. J., & Berridge, C. W. (1990) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(90)90012-d · Cited by 1,352 · see citing works
Physiology and pharmacology of corticotropin-releasing factor.
Owens, M. J., & Nemeroff, C. B. (1991) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0031-6997(25)06673-6 · Cited by 1,147 · see citing works
Antidepressants and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Regulation
HOLSBOER, F., & Barden, N. (1996) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-17-2-187 · Cited by 851 · see citing works
Brain corticosteroid receptor balance and homeostatic control
de Kloet, E. R. (1991) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · Cited by 842 · see citing works
Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress
Kramlinger, K. G. (1995) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/70.10.1021-a · Cited by 779 · see citing works
Gold, P. W., Loriaux, D. L., Roy, A., Kling, M. A., Calabrese, J. R., Kellner, C. H., Nieman, L. K., Post, R. M., Pickar, D., Gallucci, W. T., et al. (1986) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198605223142101 · Cited by 766 · see citing works
Sapolsky, R. M., Krey, L. C., & McEwen, B. S. (1984) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.81.19.6174 · Cited by 758 · see citing works
Raadsheer, F. C., Hoogendijk, W. J. G., Stam, F. C., Tilders, F. J. H., & Swaab, D. F. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000126778 · Cited by 667 · see citing works
Neuroendocrine Regulation in Depression
Carroll, B. J. (1976) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770090029002 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Reduced Corticotropin Releasing Factor Binding Sites in the Frontal Cortex of Suicide Victims
Nemeroff, C. B. (1988) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800300075009 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
A Danish Twin Study of Manic-Depressive Disorders
Bertelsen, A., Harvald, B., & Hauge, M. (1977) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.130.4.330 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Ratka, A., Sutanto, W., Bloemers, M., & de Kloet, E. R. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000125210 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Psychiatric implications of basic and clinical studies with corticotropin-releasing factor.
Gold, P., Chrousos, G., Kellner, C., Post, R., Roy, A., Augerinos, P., Schulte, H., Oldfield, E., & Loriaux, D. (1984) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.141.5.619 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
(1992) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61730-6 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Barden, N., Reul, J. M., & Holsboer, F. (1995) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(95)93942-q · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Dexamethasone Suppression Tests in Antidepressant Treatment of Melancholia
Greden, J. F. (1983) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790050019002 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Holsboer, F., von Bardeleben, U., Gerken, A., Stalla, G. K., & Müller, O. A. (1984) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198410253111718 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Reul, J. M. H. M., Stec, I. S. M., Söder, M., & Holsboer, F. (1993) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.133.1.8391426 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Mood-Lowering Effect of Tryptophan Depletion
Benkelfat, C. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950090019003 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Brady, L. S., Whitfield, H. J., Fox, R. J., Gold, P. W., & Herkenham, M. A. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci115086 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Benmansour, S., Cecchi, M., Morilak, D. A., Gerhardt, G. A., Javors, M. A., Gould, G. G., & Frazer, A. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-23-10494.1999 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Impaired type II glucocorticoid-receptor function in mice bearing antisense RNA transgene
Pépin, M.-C., Pothier, F., & Barden, N. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/355725a0 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Repeated dexamethasone suppression test during depressive illness
Holsboer, F., Liebl, R., & Hofschuster, E. (1982) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(82)90039-8 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Loss of Glucocorticoid Fast Feedback in Depression
Young, E. A. (1991) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810320017003 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
The adrenocorticol stress-response in the aged male rat: Impairment of recovery from stress
Sapolsky, R. M., Krey, L. C., & McEwen, B. S. (1983) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/0531-5565(83)90051-7 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
de Kloet, E. R., Meijer, O. C., Nicola, A. F. D., Rijk, R. H. D., & Joëls, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.02.003 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Seckl, J. R., & Fink, G. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000126180 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Murphy, B. E. P. (1991) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0960-0760(91)90312-s · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Heuser, I. J. E., Gotthardt, U., Schweiger, U., Schmider, J., Lammers, C.-H., Dettling, M., & Holsboer, F. (1994) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(94)90117-1 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Květňanský, R., Fukuhara, K., Pacák, K., Cizza, G., Goldstein, D. S., & Kopin, I. J. (1993) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.133.3.8396019 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Reul, J. M. H. M., Labeur, M. S., Grigoriadis, D. E., Souza, E. B. D., & Holsboer, F. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000126788 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Montkowski, A., Barden, N., Wotjak, C. T., Stec, I. S. M., Ganster, J., Meaney, M. J., Engelmann, M., Reul, J. M. H. M., Landgraf, R., & Holsboer, F. (1995) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.1995.tb00724.x · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Cintra, A., Zoli, M., Rosén, L., Agnati, L. F., Okret, S., Wikström, A. C., Gustafsson, J.-Å., & Fuxé, K. (1994) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)90481-2 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Increased Evening Activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Depressed Patients
Young, E. A. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950090033005 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Jasper, M. S., & Engeland, W. C. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000126645 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
von Bardeleben, U., & Holsboer, F. (1989) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.1989.tb00150.x · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Holsboer-Trachsler, E., Stohler, R., & Hatzinger, M. (1991) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(91)90041-m · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Holsboer, F., Spengler, D., & Heuser, I. (1992) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)64586-0 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
DALLMAN, M. F., LEVIN, N., CASCIO, C. S., AKANA, S. F., JACOBSON, L., & KUHN, R. W. (1989) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-124-6-2844 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
de Kloet, E. R., Kovács, G. L., Szabó, G., Telegdy, G., Bohus, B., & Versteeg, D. H. G. (1982) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(82)90546-7 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Peiffer, A. P., Veilleux, S., & Barden, N. (1991) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/0306-4530(91)90034-q · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Beaulieu, S., Paolo, T. D., Côté, J., & Barden, N. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000124701 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Pépin, M.-C., Beaulieu, S., & Barden, N. (1989) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0169-328x(89)90031-4 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Mendelson, S. D., & McEwen, B. S. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000125951 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Effect of age and sex on cortisol secretion in depressives and normals.
Halbreich, U., Asnis, G., Zumoff, B., Nathan, R., & Shindledecker, R. (1984) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(84)90037-4 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Gotthardt, U., Schweiger, U., Fahrenberg, J., Lauer, C. J., Holsboer, F., & Heuser, I. (1995) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1995.268.4.r865 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Singh, V. B., Corley, K. C., Phan, T.-H., & Boadle‐Biber, M. C. (1990) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)90898-l · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Silva, C. M., Powell-Oliver, F. E., Jewell, C. M., Sar, M., Allgood, V., & Cidlowski, J. A. (1994) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/0039-128x(94)90013-2 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Holsboer, F., Gerken, A., von Bardeleben, U., Grimm, W., Beyer, H., Müller, O. A., & Stalla, G. K. (1986) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(86)90121-6 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Kuroda, Y., Mikuni, M., Ogawa, T., & Takahashi, K. (1992) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02245281 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
SZAFARCZYK, A., Alonso, G., IXART, G., Malaval, F., & ASSENMACHER, I. (1985) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1985.249.2.e219 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
The 24-Hour Profiles of Cortisol, Prolactin, and Growth Hormone Secretion in Mania
Linkowski, P. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950080028004 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Increased glucocorticoid receptor gene promoter activity after antidepressant treatment.
Pépin, M.-C., Govindan, M. V., & Barden, N. (1992) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0026-895x(25)09226-0 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
The suprachiasmatic nuclei stimulate evening ACTH secretion in the rat
Cascio, C. S., Shinsako, J., & Dallman, M. F. (1987) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(87)90837-7 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid receptors and depression.
Whalley, L. J., Borthwick, N. M., Copolov, D., Dick, H., CHRISTIE, J. E., & Fink, G. (1986) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.292.6524.859 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Murphy, B. E. P., Filipini, D., & GHADIRIAN, A. M. (1993) · PubMed Central · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Biegon, A. R., Rainbow, T. C., & McEwen, B. S. (1985) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)90599-2 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Holsboer, F., Gerken, A., Stalla, G. K., & Müller, O. A. (1985) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(85)90057-5 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Bradbury, M. J., Akana, S. F., Cascio, C. S., Levin, N., Jacobson, L., & Dallman, M. F. (1991) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0960-0760(91)90176-6 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Seckl, J. R., Dickson, K. L., & Fink, G. (1990) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.1990.tb00659.x · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Barden, N., Stec, I. S. M., Montkowski, A., Holsboer, F., & Reul, J. M. H. M. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000127240 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Modulation of Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Expression by Antidepressant Drugs
Barden, N. (1996) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/s-2007-979536 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Blunting of ACTH response to human CRH in depressed patients is avoided by metyrapone pretreatment
von Bardeleben, U., Stalla, G. K., Müller, O. A., & Holsboer, F. (1988) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(88)90254-5 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Kitayama, I. T., Janson, A. M., Cintra, A., Fuxé, K., Agnati, L. F., Ögren, S. O., H�rfstrand, A., Eneroth, P. H. E., & Gustafsson, J.-Α. (1988) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/bf01250136 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Spurlock, G., Buckland, P. R., O’Donovan, M. C., & McGuffin, P. (1994) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/0028-3908(94)90073-6 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Lisansky, J. (1989) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810070067011 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Stec, I. S. M., Barden, N., Reul, J. M. H. M., & Holsboer, F. (1994) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(94)90031-0 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Beaulieu, S., Pelletier, G., Vaudry, H., & Barden, N. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000125125 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Szabo, S. T. (2001) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(01)00284-6 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The effects of corticosterone on 5-HT receptor function in rodents
Young, A. H., MacDonald, L. M., John, H. S., Dick, H., & Goodwin, G. M. (1992) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/0028-3908(92)90080-9 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Maes, M. H. J., Meltzer, H. Y., D'Hondt, P., Cosyns, P. R., & Blockx, P. P. (1995) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/0306-4530(94)00049-g · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Rochford, J. M., Beaulieu, S., Rousse, I., Glowa, J. R., & Barden, N. (1997) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130050330 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Regulation of Hippocampal 5-HT1A Receptor Gene Expression by Dexamethasone
Chalmers, D. T., López, J. F., Vázquez, D. M., Akil, H., & Watson, S. J. (1994) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.1994.24 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Peiffer, A., Barden, N., & Meaney, M. J. (1991) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(91)90076-v · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Brooke, S. M., de Haas-Johnson, A. M., Kaplari, J. R., Manuck, S. B., & Sapolsky, R. M. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000126743 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Structural organization of the 5′ flanking region of the human corticotropin releasing hormone gene
Vamvakopoulos, N. C., & Chrousos, G. P. (1993) · DNA sequence · doi:10.3109/10425179309015632 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Horger, B. A., Taylor, J. R., Elsworth, J. D., & Roth, R. H. (1994) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1380108 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Spatial memory in transgenic mice with impaired glucocorticoid receptor function
Rousse, I., Beaulieu, S., Rowe, W. B., Meaney, M. J., Barden, N., & Rochford, J. M. (1997) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199703030-00007 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Psychopharmacology of depression
Montgomery, S., & Corn, T. (1994) · Oxford University Press eBooks · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Energy balance and lipid metabolism in transgenic mice bearing an antisense GCR gene construct
Richard, D., Chapdelaine, S., Deshaies, Y., Pepin, M. C., & Barden, N. (1993) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1993.265.1.r146 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Sumino, H., Ichikawa, S., Itoh, H., Utsugi, T., Ohyama, Y., Umeda, M., Nakamura, T., Kanda, T., Mizunuma, H., Tomono, S., et al. (2003) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000072525 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Genetic studies and biologic strategies in the affective disorders.
Gershon, E. S., Sd, T., Lr, K., Cm, M., & Bunney, W. E. (1977) · PubMed · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Psychopathology in Cushing's Syndrome
Regestein, Q. R. (1972) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1972.03650010100019 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Yau, J. L. W., & Seckl, J. R. (1992) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(92)90363-c · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Treatment of Graves’ Disease in Children and Adolescents
Grüters, A. (1998) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000023182 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Pépin, M.-C., & Barden, N. (1991) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.11.3.1647-1653.1991 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Influence of Mirtazapine on Salivary Cortisol in Depressed Patients
Laakmann, G., Hennig, J., Baghai, T. C., & Schüle, C. (2003) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000068873 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Psychopharmacology of depression
Leonard, B. E. (2007) · The biomedical & life sciences collection. · doi:10.69645/ztmm9663 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Higashi, Y., Wakabayashi, A., Matsumoto, Y., Watanabe, Y., & Ohno, A. (1999) · Chemotherapy · doi:10.1159/000007163 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Corticosteroid receptors and the central nervous system
Funder, J. W. (1994) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0960-0760(94)90283-6 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Ogawa, T., Mikuni, M., Kuroda, Y., Muneoka, K. T., Mori, K. J., & Takahashi, K. (1994) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/bf01277933 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Yau, J. L. W., Kelly, P. A. T., & Seckl, J. R. (1994) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0169-328x(94)90200-3 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Corticosteroid Receptor Modulation in Transgenic Micea
Barden, N. (1994) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb39217.x · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Depression: Implications of clinical studies for basic research
Hanin, I., Frazer, A., & Croughan, J. L. (1985) · Federation Proceedings · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Influence of mirtazapine on salivary cortisol in depressed patients
Laakmann, G., Hennig, J., Baghai, T., & Schüle, C. (2004) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/s-2003-825417 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gut–brain axis: How the microbiome influences anxiety and depression
Foster, J. A., & McVey Neufeld, K.-A. (2013) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2013.01.005 · Cited by 2,460 · see citing works
New approaches to antidepressant drug discovery: beyond monoamines
Berton, O., & Nestler, E. J. (2006) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1846 · Cited by 1,589 · see citing works
Jackson, J. S., Knight, K. M., & Rafferty, J. A. (2010) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2008.143446 · Cited by 840 · see citing works
Sex differences in stress-related psychiatric disorders: neurobiological perspectives
Bangasser, D. A., & Valentino, R. J. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.03.008 · Cited by 737 · see citing works
Silverman, M. N., & Sternberg, E. M. (2012) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06633.x · Cited by 740 · see citing works
Liang, S., Wang, T., Hu, X., Luo, J., Li, W., Wu, X., Duan, Y., & Jin, F. (2015) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.033 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
De Raedt, R., & Koster, E. H. W. (2010) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.10.1.50 · Cited by 583 · see citing works
5-HT1A receptor function in major depressive disorder
Savitz, J. B., Lucki, I., & Drevets, W. C. (2009) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.01.009 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
Sex differences in anxiety and depression: Role of testosterone
McHenry, J. A., Carrier, N., Hull, E. M., & Kabbaj, M. (2013) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.09.001 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Chronic stress induces adrenal hyperplasia and hypertrophy in a subregion-specific manner
Ulrich‐Lai, Y. M., Figueiredo, H. F., Ostrander, M. M., Choi, D. C., Engeland, W. C., & Herman, J. P. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00070.2006 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Psychosocial Aspects of Chronic Disease: ESRD as a Paradigmatic Illness
Cukor, D., Cohen, S. D., Peterson, R. A., & Kimmel, P. L. (2007) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2007030345 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Sex Differences in the HPA Axis
Goel, N., Workman, J. L., Lee, T. T., Innala, L., & Viau, V. (2014) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c130054 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Recognizing Depression from the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis
Liang, S., Wu, X., Hu, X., Wang, T., & Jin, F. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19061592 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Boyle, M. P., Brewer, J. A., Funatsu, M., Wozniak, D. F., Tsien, J. Z., Izumi, Y., & Muglia, L. J. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0406458102 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Hellemans, K. G. C., Sliwowska, J. H., Verma, P., & Weinberg, J. (2009) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.06.004 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Zhang, T. Y., Labonté, B., Wen, X. L., Turecki, G., & Meaney, M. J. (2013) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2012.149 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Kleiman, S. C., Watson, H. J., Bulik-Sullivan, E. C., Huh, E. Y., Tarantino, L. M., Bulik, C. M., & Carroll, I. M. (2015) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000247 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Morphological Correlates of Corticosteroid-Induced Changes in Prefrontal Cortex-Dependent Behaviors
Cerqueira, J., Pêgo, J. M., Taipa, R. J. F., Bessa, J. M., Almeida, O. F. X., & Sousa, N. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1598-05.2005 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Social Defeat as an Animal Model for Depression
Hollis, F., & Kabbaj, M. (2014) · ILAR Journal · doi:10.1093/ilar/ilu002 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Relationship between Cortisol Responses to Stress and Personality
Oswald, L. M., Zandi, P. P., Nestadt, G., Potash, J. B., Kalaydjian, A., & Wand, G. S. (2006) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301012 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Kim, Y., & Shin, C. (2018) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x15666170915141036 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Weiser, M. J., & Handa, R. J. (2009) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.12.058 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
McKlveen, J. M., Morano, R. L., Fitzgerald, M., Zoubovsky, S., Cassella, S. N., Scheimann, J. R., Ghosal, S., Mahbod, P., Packard, B. A., Myers, B., et al. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.03.2101 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Role of corticotropin releasing factor in anxiety disorders: A translational research perspective
Risbrough, V. B., & Stein, M. B. (2006) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.06.019 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
5-HT6 receptors: a novel target for cognitive enhancement
Mitchell, E. S., & Neumaier, J. F. (2005) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.05.001 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Functional Coupling of the Amygdala in Depressed Patients Treated with Antidepressant Medication
Chen, C.-H., Suckling, J., Ooi, C., Fu, C. H. Y., Williams, S. C. R., Walsh, N. D., Mitterschiffthaler, M. T., Pich, E. M., & Bullmore, E. (2008) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301593 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Reiche, E. M. V., Morimoto, H. K., & Nunes, S. M. V. (2005) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/02646830500382102 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Imaging phenotypes of major depressive disorder: genetic correlates
Savitz, J. B., & Drevets, W. C. (2009) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.03.082 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Pharmacological Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: The Role of the HPA Axis
Tafet, G. E., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00443 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Watt, D. F., & Panksepp, J. (2009) · Neuropsychoanalysis · doi:10.1080/15294145.2009.10773593 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
In Search of HPA Axis Dysregulation in Child and Adolescent Depression
Guerry, J. D., & Hastings, P. D. (2011) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-011-0084-5 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Dwivedi, Y., Rizavi, H., & Pandey, G. N. (2006) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.12.058 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Crosstalk between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and depression
Du, Y., Gao, X.-R., Peng, L., & Ge, J.-F. (2020) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04097 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Chen, C., Nakagawa, S., An, Y., Ito, K., Kitaichi, Y., & Kusumi, I. (2016) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.12.001 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Wang, Y.-S., Shen, C., & Jiang, J. (2019) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104520 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Aslam, H., Green, J., Jacka, F. N., Collier, F., Berk, M., Pasco, J., & Dawson, S. L. (2020) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2018.1544332 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Hippocampal neuroplasticity in major depressive disorder
Malykhin, N. V., & Coupland, N. J. (2015) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.047 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Kumar, B., Kuhad, A., & Chopra, K. (2010) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-010-2094-2 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Depression in end-stage renal disease hemodialysis patients
Cukor, D., Peterson, R. A., Cohen, S. D., & Kimmel, P. L. (2006) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/ncpneph0359 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Cerqueira, J., Taipa, R. J. F., Uylings, H. B. M., Almeida, O. F. X., & Sousa, N. (2006) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhl108 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Wang, S. (2010) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2010.00016 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Suda, S., Segi‐Nishida, E., Newton, S. S., & Duman, R. S. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.03.029 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Gutted! Unraveling the Role of the Microbiome in Major Depressive Disorder
Bastiaanssen, T. F. S., Cussotto, S., Claesson, M. J., Clarke, G., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2020) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000243 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Limbic and HPA axis function in an animal model of chronic neuropathic pain
Ulrich-Lai, Y. M., Xie, W., Meij, J. T. A., Dolgas, C. M., Yu, L., & Herman, J. P. (2006) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.03.012 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Sex, Stress, and Mood Disorders: At the Intersection of Adrenal and Gonadal Hormones
Fernández‐Guasti, A., Fiedler, J. L., Herrera, L., & Handa, R. (2012) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-0032-1312592 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Effects of Physical Exercise on Depressive Symptoms and Biomarkers in Depression
Archer, T., Josefsson, T., & Lindwall, M. (2015) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871527313666141130203245 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
The Role of Chemokines in the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder
Milenkovic, V. M., Stanton, E. H., Nothdurfter, C., Rupprecht, R., & Wetzel, C. H. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20092283 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Sigwalt, A. R., Budde, H., Helmich, I., Glaser, V., Ghisoni, K., Lanza, S. R., Cadore, E. L., Lhullier, F. L. R., Bem, A. F. D., Hohl, A., et al. (2011) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.05.075 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
The importance of n-6/n-3 fatty acids ratio in the major depressive disorder
Husted, K. S., & Bouzinova, E. V. (2016) · Medicina · doi:10.1016/j.medici.2016.05.003 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Pecori Giraldi, F., Pivonello, R., Ambrogio, A. G., De Martino, M. C., De Martin, M., Scacchi, M., Colao, A., Toja, P. M., Lombardi, G., & Cavagnini, F. (2007) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02717.x · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Gut-Brain Connection: Microbiome, Gut Barrier, and Environmental Sensors
Gwak, M.-G., & Chang, S. (2021) · Immune Network · doi:10.4110/in.2021.21.e20 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Antidepressant-like effects of melatonin in the mouse chronic mild stress model
Detanico, B. C., Piato, Â., de Freitas, J. J., Lhullier, F. L. R., Hidalgo, M. P. L., Caumo, W., & Elisabetsky, E. (2009) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.02.037 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Verma, P., Hellemans, K. G. C., Choi, F., Yu, W. K., & Weinberg, J. (2009) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.11.002 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Liu, S., Guo, R., Liu, F., Yuan, Q., Yu, Y., & Ren, F. (2020) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s243551 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Tyrka, A. R., Parade, S. H., Welch, E. S., Ridout, K. K., Price, L. H., Marsit, C., Philip, N. S., & Carpenter, L. L. (2016) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2016.112 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Implication of the polyamine system in mental disorders
Fiori, L. M., & Turecki, G. (2008) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1139/jpn.0812 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Rhodiola rosea L. as a putative botanical antidepressant
Amsterdam, J. D., & Panossian, A. G. (2016) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2016.02.009 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Paus, T., & Barrett, J. (2004) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1139/jpn.0428 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Strategies for producing faster acting antidepressants
Adell, A., Castro, E., Celada, P., Bortolozzi, A., Pazos, Á., & Artigas, F. (2005) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/s1359-6446(05)03398-2 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Mitsukawa, K., Mombereau, C., Loetscher, E., Uzunov, D. P., van der Putten, H., Flor, P. J., & Cryan, J. F. (2005) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300926 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Biglia, N., Bounous, V. E., Malabaila, A., PALMISANO, D., Torta, D. M. E., D’Alonzo, M., Sismondi, P., & Torta, R. (2011) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2354.2011.01320.x · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Antidepressants Attenuate Increased Susceptibility to Colitis in a Murine Model of Depression
Varghese, A. K., Verdu, E. F., Berčík, P., Khan, W. I., Blennerhassett, P. A., Szechtman, H., & Collins, S. M. (2006) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.02.007 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Xia, X., Cheng, G., Pan, Y., Xia, Z. H., & Kong, L. (2006) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2006.09.042 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Tyrka, A. R., Ridout, K. K., & Parade, S. H. (2016) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579416000870 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Migraine and psychiatric disorders: comorbidities, mechanisms, and clinical applications
Baskin, S. M., & Smitherman, T. A. (2009) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-009-0071-5 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Multifaceted strain-specific effects in a mouse model of depression and of antidepressant reversal
Ibargüen-Vargas, Y., Surget, A., Touma, C., Palme, R., & Belzung, C. (2008) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.07.010 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Le, J., Yi, T., Li, Q., Li, J., Shao, L., & Dong, J. (2016) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.01.004 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Laugeray, A., Launay, J., Callebert, J., Surget, A., Belzung, C., & Barone, P. R. (2010) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.02.014 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Hollis, F., Wang, H., Dietz, D., Gunjan, A., & Kabbaj, M. (2010) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-010-1869-9 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Crowley, S. K., & Girdler, S. S. (2014) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3572-8 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Parade, S. H., Ridout, K. K., Seifer, R., Armstrong, D. A., Marsit, C. J., McWilliams, M. A., & Tyrka, A. R. (2016) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12484 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Baeken, C., & Raedt, R. D. (2011) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2011.13.1/cbaeken · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Beserra, A. H. N., Kameda, P., Deslandes, A. C., Schuch, F. B., Laks, J., & Moraes, H. S. D. (2018) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0155 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
McKlveen, J. M., Moloney, R. D., Scheimann, J. R., Myers, B., & Herman, J. P. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.04.032 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Bangasser, D. A. (2013) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/2042-6410-4-2 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Antidepressant‐like activity of gallic acid in mice subjected to unpredictable chronic mild stress
Chhillar, R., & Dhingra, D. (2012) · Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1472-8206.2012.01040.x · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Guan, W., Xu, D., Ji, C.-H., Wang, C., Liu, Y., Tang, W., Gu, J., Chen, Y., Huang, J., Liu, J., et al. (2021) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105932 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Epigenetics in depression and gut-brain axis: A molecular crosstalk
Begum, N., Mandhare, A., Tryphena, K. P., Srivastava, S., Shaikh, M. F., Singh, S. B., & Khatri, D. K. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.1048333 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Neurobiological Processes in Adolescent Addictive Disorders
Schepis, T. S., Adinoff, B. H., & Rao, U. (2008) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1080/10550490701756146 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Sex differences: Transcriptional signatures of stress exposure in male and female brains
Brivio, E., Lopez, J. P., & Chen, A. (2020) · Genes, Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12643 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Martinez, E. J., Kolb, B., Bell, A., Savage, D. D., & Allan, A. M. (2008) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2008.05.004 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Goldstein, J. M., Hale, T. M., Foster, S. L., Tobet, S. A., & Handa, R. J. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-018-0146-1 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Maehata, H., Kobayashi, Y., Mitsuyama, E., Kawase, T., Kuhara, T., Xiao, J., Tsukahara, T., & Toyoda, A. (2019) · Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1080/09168451.2019.1591263 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Pan, Y., Kong, L., Li, Y., Xia, X. H., Kung, H., & Jiang, F.-X. (2007) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2007.04.009 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7: at the interface of cognition and emotion.
O'Connor, R., Finger, B. C., Flor, P., & Cryan, J. (2010) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.02.059 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Prenatal stress in the rat alters 5-HT1A receptor binding in the ventral hippocampus
van den Hove, D., Lauder, J. M., Scheepens, A., Prickaerts, J., Blanco, C. E., & Steinbusch, H. W. M. (2006) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.03.057 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Chronic non-invasive corticosterone administration abolishes the diurnal pattern of tph2 expression
Donner, N. C., Montoya, C. D., Lukkes, J. L., & Lowry, C. A. (2011) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.08.008 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Frisbee, J. C., Brooks, S., Stanley, S., & d’Audiffret, A. C. (2015) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/53109 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Gut microbiota regulates key modulators of social behavior
Parashar, A., & Udayabanu, M. (2016) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.11.002 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Alboni, S., Tascedda, F., Corsini, D., Benatti, C., Caggia, F., Capone, G., Barden, N., Blom, J. M. C., & Brunello, N. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.01.050 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Helmich, I., Latini, A., Sigwalt, A., Carta, M. G., Machado, S., Velasques, B., Ribeiro, P., & Budde, H. (2010) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.2174/1745017901006010115 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Casarotto, P. C., & Andreatini, R. (2007) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2007.03.001 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Carrier, N., & Kabbaj, M. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.11.028 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Sex Differences in the HPA Axis
Goel, N., Workman, J. L., Lee, T. T., Innala, L., & Viau, V. (2014) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.2014.tb00575.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Manaye, K. F., Lei, D.-L., Tizabi, Y., Dávila‐García, M. I., Mouton, P. R., & Kelly, P. H. (2005) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/64.3.224 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Martinac, M., Pehar, D., Karlović, D., Babic, D. D., Marčinko, D., & Jakovljević, M. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Cheng, J., Dong, S., Yi, L., Geng, D., & Liu, Q. (2018) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.031 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Xu, Q., Pan, Y., Yi, L.-T., Li, Y.-C., Mo, S., Jiang, F.-X., Qiao, C., Xu, H., Lu, X.-B., Kong, L.-D., et al. (2008) · Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/bpb.31.1109 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Goldstein, J. M., Handa, R. J., & Tobet, S. A. (2013) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.12.001 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Jabbi, M., Kema, I. P., van der Pompe, G., Meerman, G. J. T., Ormel, J., & den Boer, J. A. (2007) · Psychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1097/ypg.0b013e32808374df · Cited by 75 · see citing works
- Authors
- Barden, N.
- Affiliations
- Centre hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Barden, Nicholas
- Venue
- Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Canadian Science Publishing
- Published
- 2004-05
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 185-193
- ISSN
- 1180-4882 (ISSN-L)
- 1488-2434
- PMC
- PMC400688
- OpenAlex
- W20284704
- Cited by
- 416
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 7.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, depression, glucocorticoid receptor, antidepressant action, HPA axis dysregulation, glucocorticoid feedback, neuroendocrine dysfunction, antidepressant drug development
- MeSH terms
- Antidepressive Agents, Major Depressive Disorder, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Hypothalamus, Pituitary-Adrenal System, RNA, Antisense, Mutation, Missense
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review