Estimating the true global burden of mental illness
Open accessAbstract
We argue that the global burden of mental illness is underestimated and examine the reasons for under-estimation to identify five main causes: overlap between psychiatric and neurological disorders; the grouping of suicide and self-harm as a separate category; conflation of all chronic pain syndromes with musculoskeletal disorders; exclusion of personality disorders from disease burden calculations; and inadequate consideration of the contribution of severe mental illness to mortality from associated causes. Using published data, we estimate the disease burden for mental illness to show that the global burden of mental illness accounts for 32·4% of years lived with disability (YLDs) and 13·0% of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), instead of the earlier estimates suggesting 21·2% of YLDs and 7·1% of DALYs. Currently used approaches underestimate the burden of mental illness by more than a third. Our estimates place mental illness a distant first in global burden of disease in terms of YLDs, and level with cardiovascular and circulatory diseases in terms of DALYs. The unacceptable apathy of governments and funders of global health must be overcome to mitigate the human, social, and economic costs of mental illness.
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- Authors
- Vigo, D., Thornicroft, G., & Atun, R.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Atun, Rifat
- Venue
- The Lancet Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 171-178
- ISSN
- 2215-0366 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2266871031
- Semantic Scholar
- e49a6925b71d8b4a1d1af32fbe9ac89eaacb1cfb
- Cited by
- 2,494
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 205 · 2025: 261 · 2024: 267 · 2023: 346 · 2022: 311 · 2021: 329 · 2020: 291 · 2019: 234 · 2018: 153 · 2017: 71 · 2016: 23
- FWCI
- 24.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- kclpure.kcl.ac.uk
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- Locations
- The Lancet Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Harvard University
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (FP7/2007–2013, NF-SI-0611-10053)
- King's College London
- European Commission (2007–2013, FP7 2007-2013, FP7/2007)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Global Health and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- disability-adjusted life years, years lived with disability, suicide and self-harm, chronic pain syndromes, musculoskeletal disorders, personality disorders, global health financing
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Humans, Global Health
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