Unraveling the Black Box: Exploring Usage Patterns of a Blended Treatment for Depression in a Multicenter Study
Open accessAbstract
Background: Blended treatments, combining digital components with face-to-face (FTF) therapy, are starting to find their way into mental health care. Knowledge on how blended treatments should be set up is, however, still limited. To further explore and optimize blended treatment protocols, it is important to obtain a full picture of what actually happens during treatments when applied in routine mental health care. Objective: The aims of this study were to gain insight into the usage of the different components of a blended cognitive behavioral therapy (bCBT) for depression and reflect on actual engagement as compared with intended application, compare bCBT usage between primary and specialized care, and explore different usage patterns. Methods: Data used were collected from participants of the European Comparative Effectiveness Research on Internet-Based Depression Treatment project, a European multisite randomized controlled trial comparing bCBT with regular care for depression. Patients were recruited in primary and specialized routine mental health care settings between February 2015 and December 2017. Analyses were performed on the group of participants allocated to the bCBT condition who made use of the Moodbuster platform and for whom data from all blended components were available (n=200). Included patients were from Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, and France; 64.5% (129/200) were female and the average age was 42 years (range 18-74 years). Results: Overall, there was a large variability in the usage of the blended treatment. A clear distinction between care settings was observed, with longer treatment duration and more FTF sessions in specialized care and a more active and intensive usage of the Web-based component by the patients in primary care. Of the patients who started the bCBT, 89.5% (179/200) also continued with this treatment format. Treatment preference, educational level, and the number of comorbid disorders were associated with bCBT engagement. Conclusions: Blended treatments can be applied to a group of patients being treated for depression in routine mental health care. Rather than striving for an optimal blend, a more personalized blended care approach seems to be the most suitable. The next step is to gain more insight into the clinical and cost-effectiveness of blended treatments and to further facilitate uptake in routine mental health care.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Education was associated with user engagement: participants with higher education reported more acceptance of interventions than people with lower education (a high school diploma or lower).
“(2) education, with participants with higher education reporting more acceptance of interventions than people with lower education (a high school diploma or lower) [74-76];”
From Barriers to and facilitators of user engagement with digital mental health interventions: Systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [76]
The Results (Usage of Blended Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; page not provided) associate higher education with greater compliance with blended treatment: 54.2% of the compliant group had postsecondary education, versus 36.5% of the noncompliant group. The paper does not report that more-educated participants expressed greater acceptance of interventions than those with a high school diploma or lower; it measures compliance and reports treatment preference separately. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBlended psychotherapy is a rather new field of research.
“Blended psychotherapy, i.e., the combination of online intervention elements with standard psychotherapeutic care, is a rather new field of research (19–22).”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x · Cited by 44,910 · see citing works
(1998) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · Cited by 19,139 · see citing works
(1998) · PubMed · Cited by 10,216 · see citing works
Computer-based psychological treatments for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Richards, D., & Richardson, T. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.02.004 · Cited by 1,442 · see citing works
Heron, K. E., & Smyth, J. M. (2010) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1348/135910709x466063 · Cited by 1,438 · see citing works
Carlbring, P., Andersson, G., Cuijpers, P., Riper, H., & Hedman-Lagerlöf, E. (2018) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2017.1401115 · Cited by 1,232 · see citing works
Self-citationUnderstanding and Promoting Effective Engagement With Digital Behavior Change Interventions
Yardley, L., Spring, B. J., Riper, H., Morrison, L. G., Crane, D. H., Curtis, K., Merchant, G. C., Naughton, F., & Blandford, A. (2016) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.06.015 · Cited by 1,118 · see citing works
Self-citationMohr, D. C., Cuijpers, P., & Lehman, K. (2011) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1602 · Cited by 1,097 · see citing works
The impact of guidance on Internet-based mental health interventions — A systematic review
Baumeister, H., Reichler, L., Munzinger, M., & Lin, J. (2014) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2014.08.003 · Cited by 1,037 · see citing works
The assessment, monitoring, and enhancement of treatment fidelity in public health clinical trials
Borrelli, B. (2011) · Journal of Public Health Dentistry · doi:10.1111/j.1752-7325.2011.00233.x · Cited by 970 · see citing works
Treatment fidelity in outcome studies
Moncher, F. J., & Prinz, R. J. (1991) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(91)90103-2 · Cited by 797 · see citing works
Implementation fidelity in community‐based interventions
Breitenstein, S. M., Gross, D. A., Garvey, C., Hill, C., Fogg, L., & Resnick, B. M. (2010) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.20373 · Cited by 717 · see citing works
Karyotaki, E., Riper, H., Twisk, J., Hoogendoorn, A., Kleiboer, A., Mira, A., Mackinnon, A., Meyer, B., Botella, C., Littlewood, E., et al. (2017) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0044 · Cited by 691 · see citing works
Self-citationErbe, D., Eichert, H.-C., Riper, H., & Ebert, D. D. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.6588 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Self-citationMixing Online and Face-to-Face Therapy: How to Benefit From Blended Care in Mental Health Care
Wentzel, J., van der Vaart, R., Bohlmeijer, E. T., & van Gemert-Pijnen, J. E. W. C. (2016) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.4534 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Josephine, K., Josefine, L., Philipp, D., David, E., & Harald, B. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.021 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Internet interventions: Past, present and future
Andersson, G. (2018) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2018.03.008 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Karyotaki, E., Ebert, D. D., Donkin, L., Riper, H., Twisk, J., Burger, S., Rozental, A., Lange, A., Williams, A. D., Zarski, A. C., et al. (2018) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2018.06.007 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Self-citationvan der Vaart, R., Witting, M., Riper, H., Kooistra, L., Bohlmeijer, E. T., & van Gemert-Pijnen, L. J. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-014-0355-z · Cited by 273 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Many therapists and patients express the need for an FTF interaction in these situations [19] and the desire to use internet and mobile interventions more freely integrated into FTF therapy [20,21].”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationCooper, A. A., & Conklin, L. R. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.05.001 · Cited by 264 · cited 1× · see citing works
“5% not compliant with the allocated treatment) were in line with those observed in traditional FTF CBT, being around 17% in randomized trials [52] and 25% in nonrandomized effectiveness studies [53].”
MethodAttitudes towards digital treatment for depression: A European stakeholder survey
Topooco, N., Riper, H., Araya, R., Berking, M., Brunn, M., Chevreul, K., Cieslak, R., Ebert, D. D., Etchmendy, E., Herrero, R., et al. (2017) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2017.01.001 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Self-citationHedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Kaldo, V., Hesser, H., El Alaoui, S., Kraepelien, M., Andersson, E., Rück, C., Svanborg, C., Andersson, G., et al. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.023 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Hans, E., & Hiller, W. (2013) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031080 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
The promise of shared decision making in mental health.
Drake, R. E., Deegan, P. E., & Rapp, C. A. (2010) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.2975/34.1.2010.7.13 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Meyer, B., Bierbrodt, J., Schröder, J., Berger, T., Beevers, C. G., Weiss, M., Jacob, G., Späth, C., Andersson, G., Lutz, W., et al. (2015) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2014.12.003 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Qualitative Meta-Synthesis of User Experience of Computerised Therapy for Depression and Anxiety
Knowles, S. E., Toms, G., Sanders, C., Bee, P., Lovell, K., Rennick-Egglestone, S., Coyle, D., Kennedy, C. M., Littlewood, E., Kessler, D., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084323 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Titzler, I., Saruhanjan, K., Berking, M., Riper, H., & Ebert, D. D. (2018) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2018.01.002 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Effectiveness of Online Cognitive Behavioral Treatment in Routine Clinical Practice
Ruwaard, J., Lange, A., Schrieken, B., Dolan, C. V., & Emmelkamp, P. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040089 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Self-citationLy, K. H., Topooco, N., Cederlund, H., Wallin, A., Bergström, J., Molander, O., Carlbring, P., & Andersson, G. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126559 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Karyotaki, E., Kemmeren, L., Riper, H., Twisk, J., Hoogendoorn, A., Kleiboer, A., Mira, A., Mackinnon, A., Meyer, B., Botella, C., et al. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718000648 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Self-citationEffectiveness of Guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Regular Clinical Settings
Andersson, G., & Hedman, E. (2013) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000354779 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Høifødt, R. S., Lillevoll, K. R., Griffiths, K. M., Wilsgaard, T., Eisemann, M., Waterloo, K., & Kolstrup, N. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2714 · Cited by 154 · cited 3× · see citing works
“The FTF and Web-based sessions in, for example, the study of Kooistra et al [29] were highly structured, whereas others provided more flexibility in order and dosage for a more adaptable approach [28,30].”
BackgroundMethodMomentary assessment technology as a tool to help patients with depression help themselves
Wichers, M., Simons, C. J. P., Kramer, I., Hartmann, J., Menne‐Lothmann, C., Myin‐Germeys, I., van Bemmel, A. L., Peeters, F. P. M. L., Delespaul, P., & van Os, J. (2011) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01749.x · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Williams, A. D., & Andrews, G. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057447 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Kleiboer, A., Smit, J., Bosmans, J., Ruwaard, J., Andersson, G., Topooco, N., Berger, T., Krieger, T., Botella, C., Baños, R., et al. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1511-1 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationWittkampf, K., van Ravesteijn, H., Baas, K., van de Hoogen, H., Schene, A., Bindels, P., Lucassen, P., van de Lisdonk, E., & van Weert, H. (2009) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.06.001 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Ethical issues in providing online psychotherapeutic interventions
Childress, C. A. (2000) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2.1.e5 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Cuijpers, P., Kleiboer, A., Karyotaki, E., & Riper, H. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22641 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationMånsson, K. N., Skagius Ruiz, E., Gervind, E., Dahlin, M., & Andersson, G. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3031 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Kooistra, L. C., Ruwaard, J., Wiersma, J. E., van Oppen, P., van der Vaart, R., van Gemert-Pijnen, J. E. W. C., & Riper, H. (2016) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.01.003 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationPerson Centered Care and Personalized Medicine: Irreconcilable Opposites or Potential Companions?
El-Alti, L., Sandman, L., & Munthe, C. (2017) · Health Care Analysis · doi:10.1007/s10728-017-0347-5 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Analyzing Engagement in a Web-Based Intervention Platform Through Visualizing Log-Data
Morrison, C., & Doherty, G. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3575 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Computer-assisted cognitive–behavior therapy for depression.
Eells, T. D., Barrett, M. S., Wright, J. H., & Thase, M. (2014) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/a0032406 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., Pugh, N. E., Nugent, M., Hesser, H., Andersson, G., Ivanov, M., Butz, C. G., Marchildon, G. P., Asmundson, G. J. G., Klein, B., et al. (2014) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.018 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Richards, D., Murphy, T., Viganó, N., Timulak, L., Doherty, G., Sharry, J., & Hayes, C. (2016) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.06.007 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Sharry, J., Davidson, R., McLoughlin, O., & Doherty, G. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2248 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Innovative ICT Solutions to Improve Treatment Outcomes for Depression: The ICT4Depression Project
Warmerdam, L., Riper, H. M., Michel, K., Pepijn, V. D. V., Rocha, A., Mario, R. H., Tousset, E., Hugo, S., Andersson, G., & Cuijpers, P. J. (2012) · Studies in health technology and informatics · doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-121-2-339 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationvan den Berg, S. W., Peters, E. J., Kraaijeveld, J. F., Gielissen, M. F., & Prins, J. B. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2566 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Kemmeren, L., van Schaik, A., Riper, H. M., Kleiboer, A. M., Bosmans, J. E., & Smit, J. H. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0818-5 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationKivi, M., Eriksson, M. C. M., Hange, D., Petersson, E., Björkelund, C., & Johansson, B. (2015) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2015.06.001 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
van der Vaart, R., Atema, V., & Evers, A. W. M. (2016) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-016-0424-0 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Mol, M., Dozeman, E., Provoost, S., van Schaik, A., Riper, H. M., & Smit, J. H. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.9890 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationULTEMAT: A mobile framework for smart ecological momentary assessments and interventions
van de Ven, P., O’Brien, H., Henriques, R., Klein, M., Msetfi, R., Nelson, J., Rocha, A., Ruwaard, J., O’Sullivan, D., & Riper, H. (2017) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2017.07.001 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationAerts, J. E. M., & Dam, A. V. (2018) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2018.910139 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Borghouts, J., Eikey, E., Mark, G., De Leon, C., Schueller, S. M., Schneider, M., Stadnick, N., Zheng, K., Mukamel, D., & Sorkin, D. H. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/24387 · Cited by 1,069 · see citing works
“Other demographic variables associated with user engagement were as follows: (1) employment status, with people who worked full time more likely to use the intervention than people who were retired [66] or unemployed [54,68]; (2) education, with participants with higher education reporting more acceptance of intervent…”
BackgroundLipschitz, J. M., Pike, C. K., Hogan, T. P., Murphy, S. A., & Burdick, K. E. (2023) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-023-00297-3 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Gkintoni, E., Vassilopoulos, S. P., & Νικολάου, Γ. (2025) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina61030431 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Determinant Factors of Public Acceptance of Stress Management Apps: Survey Study
Apolinário-Hagen, J., Hennemann, S., Fritsche, L., Drüge, M., & Breil, B. (2019) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/15373 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Baumeister, H., Bauereiss, N., Zarski, A.-C., Braun, L., Buntrock, C., Hoherz, C., Idrees, A. R., Kraft, R., Meyer, P., Nguyen, T. B. D., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.660534 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationApolinário-Hagen, J., Hennemann, S., Kück, C., Wodner, A., Geibel, D., Riebschläger, M., Zeißler, M., & Breil, B. (2020) · Health Services Insights · doi:10.1177/1178632920911061 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
(2024) · doi:10.2196/47515 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationKemmeren, L. L., van Schaik, A., Draisma, S., Kleiboer, A., Riper, H., & Smit, J. H. (2023) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-023-10363-y · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationE-mental health implementation in inpatient care: Exploring its potential and future challenges
Assche, E. V., Bonroy, B., Mertens, M., den Broeck, L. V., Desie, K., Bolinski, F., Amarti, K., Kleiboer, A. M., Riper, H. M., & Daele, T. V. (2022) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2022.1027864 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationAustralian psychologists experiences with digital mental health: a qualitative investigation
Scott, S., Knott, V., Finlay-Jones, A. L., & Mancini, V. O. (2022) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-022-00271-5 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Similar sentiment has been reported in previous qualitative and quantitative research as well (Erbe et al., 2017; Kemmeren et al., 2019; Topooco et al., 2017).”
Resultvan Genugten, C., Schuurmans, J., Hoogendoorn, A. W., Araya, R., Andersson, G., Baños, R., Berger, T., Botella, C., Pashoja, A. C., Cieślak, R., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.755809 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationBuelens, F., Luyten, P., Claeys, H., Assche, E. V., & Daele, T. V. (2023) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100670 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Keller, F. M., Dahmen, A., Derksen, C., Kötting, L., & Lippke, S. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18178936 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Lungu, A., Wickham, R. E., Chen, S.-Y., Jun, J. J., Leykin, Y., & Chen, C. E.-J. (2022) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100536 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
van Genugten, C. V., Schuurmans, J., Hoogendoorn, A., Araya, R., Andersson, G., Baños, R., Botella, C., Cerga-Pashoja, A., Cieślak, R., Ebert, D., et al. (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/32007 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationBranquinho, M., Canavarro, M. C., & Fonseca, A. (2021) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2021.1969350 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Lo, B., Durocher, K., Charow, R., Kimball, S., Phạm, Q., Sockalingam, S., Wiljer, D., & Strudwick, G. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/67820 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Serious Games and Gamification in Clinical Psychology
Fleming, T. M., Sutcliffe, K., Lucassen, M. F. G., Pine, R., & Donkin, L. (2020) · Comprehensive Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00011-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Haaf, R., Schefft, C., Krämer, R., Klein, J. P., & Köhler, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1448823 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Branquinho, M., Canavarro, M. C., & Fonseca, A. (2024) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.70007 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Does it blend? Exploring therapist fidelity in blended CBT for anxiety disorders
Romijn, G., Provoost, S., Batelaan, N. M., Koning, J., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., & Riper, H. M. (2021) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2021.100418 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationDech, M., Klawohn, J., & Romanczuk-Seiferth, N. (2022) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000524332 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Sextl-Plötz, T., Titzler, I., Schmidt-Hantke, J., Denninger, M., Steubl, L., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Zarski, A. (2025) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076251377943 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationSmith, A., Mangelsdorf, S. N., Baker, S. T. E., Jafari, J., Álvarez‐Jiménez, M., Hitchcock, C., & Cross, S. P. M. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/73793 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Netter, A.-L., Beintner, I., & Brakemeier, E. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/35482 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Branquinho, M., Canavarro, M. C., & Fonseca, A. (2023) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1007/s41811-023-00182-0 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Nunes-Zlotkowski, K. F., Shepherd, H. L., Butow, P. N., Beatty, L., & Shaw, J. (2025) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology Research and Practice · doi:10.1097/or9.0000000000000163 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The present and future of blended care: current research and introduction to the B-FIT framework
Bielinski, L. L., Büscher, R., Hennemann, S., Henning, C., Kohl, S. H., Meyer, C., Reinhold, A. S., Steubl, L., Titzler, I., Vogel, L., et al. (2026) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-026-02526-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationHaslbeck, F. B., Visscher, R. M. S., Bassler, D., Schwind, B., & Haslbeck, J. W. (2025) · Musiktherapeutische Umschau · doi:10.13109/muum.2025.46.1.34 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Eicher, S., Fenski, F., Behr, S., Hammelrath, L., Boettcher, J., Schaeuffele, C., & Knaevelsrud, C. (2026) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-026-02546-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Netter, A.-L., Beintner, I., & Brakemeier, E. (2021) · doi:10.2196/preprints.35482
Smith, A., Mangelsdorf, S. N., Baker, S. T. E., Jafari, J., Álvarez‐Jiménez, M., Hitchcock, C., & Cross, S. P. M. (2025) · doi:10.2196/preprints.73793
Amarti, K., Schulte, M. H. J., Kleiboer, A., van Genugten, C. V., Oudega, M., Rocha, A., & Riper, H. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/83316
Self-citationEthical Considerations in Health Psychology Practice and Research
Sharma, V., Selvakumar, P., Chalakh, R., Mulmule, S. J., Saipogu, L., & Radhika, P. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-6294-6.ch008
Byun, S., On, S.-W., Yang, B., Che, S.-A., Yi, S.-M., Park, Y., Kim, Y., & Park, S. (2026) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/104264
- Authors
- Kemmeren, L. L., van Schaik, A., Smit, J. H., Ruwaard, J., Rocha, A., Henriques, M., Ebert, D. D., Titzler, I., Hazo, J.-B., Dorsey, M., Zukowska, K., & Riper, H.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers (PT)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- Inserm (FR)
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Kemmeren, Lise L
- ORCID
- Venue
- JMIR Mental Health
- Publisher
- JMIR Publications Inc.
- Published
- 2019-07-25
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e12707
- ISSN
- 2368-7959 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6686640
- OpenAlex
- W2963013780
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 4.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- JMIR Mental Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Keywords
- depression, online therapy, treatment engagement, primary care, specialized mental health care, treatment preferences, comorbidities
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
