The Multifaceted Roles of Adipose Tissue—Therapeutic Targets for Diabetes and Beyond: The 2015 Banting Lecture
Open accessAbstract
The Banting Medal for Scientific Achievement is the highest scientific award of the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Given in memory of Sir Frederick Banting, one of the key investigators in the discovery of insulin, the Banting Medal is awarded annually for scientific excellence, recognizing significant long-term contributions to the understanding, treatment, or prevention of diabetes. Philipp E. Scherer, PhD, of the Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, received the prestigious award at the ADA's 75th Scientific Sessions, 5–9 June 2015, in Boston, MA. He presented the Banting Lecture, “The Multifaceted Roles of Adipose Tissue—Therapeutic Targets for Diabetes and Beyond,” on Sunday, 7 June 2015. A number of different cell types contribute to the cellular architecture of adipose tissue. Although the adipocyte is functionally making important contributions to systemic metabolic homeostatis, several additional cell types contribute a supportive role to bestow maximal flexibility on the tissue with respect to many biosynthetic and catabolic processes, depending on the metabolic state. These cells include vascular endothelial cells, a host of immune cells, and adipocyte precursor cells and fibroblasts. Combined, these cell types give rise to a tissue with remarkable flexibility with respect to expansion and contraction, while optimizing the ability of the tissue to act as an endocrine organ through the release of many protein factors, critically influencing systemic lipid homeostasis and biochemically contributing many metabolites. Using an example from each of these categories—adiponectin as a key adipokine, sphingolipids as critical mediators of insulin sensitivity, and uridine as an important metabolite contributed by the adipocyte to the systemic pool—I will discuss the emerging genesis of the adipocyte over the past 20 years from metabolic bystander to key driver of metabolic flexibility.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
This remodeling is characterized by changes such as modification of adipocyte area, disturbance in fatty acid turnover, rearrangement of extracellular matrix components, inflammation, and modulation of the browning phenotype.
“This process is characterized by a set of changes, such as: modification of the adipocyte area (hypertrophy, hyperplasia or atrophy; Arner, 2000); disturbance in fatty acid turnover (lipolysis and lipogenesis; Arner et al., 2010); rearrangement of extra-cellular matrix components (Scherer, 2016); inflammation (Batista et al., 2012); modulation of the browning phenotype related to the thermogenic”
From Physical Exercise-Induced Myokines and Muscle-Adipose Tissue Crosstalk: A Review of Current Knowledge and the Implications for Health and Metabolic Diseases (2018) · cites this paper as Scherer, 2016
Cotadutide is a synthetic human oxyntomodulin-based peptide with a palmitic acid side-chain that enables albumin binding and a longer duration of action.
“Cotadutide (also termed MEDI0382) is a synthetic peptide based on human OMX, which employs a palmitic acid side-chain91 that enables albumin binding and thus extension of its duration of action.”
From Transforming obesity: The advancement of multi-receptor drugs (2024) · cites this paper as [91]
The supplied passages and additional searches of our copy discuss adiponectin, adipose-tissue metabolism, and potential adiponectin-receptor therapies. They do not address cotadutide or MEDI0382, an oxyntomodulin-based peptide, or a palmitic-acid side-chain used for albumin binding and longer action. The citation therefore cannot be verified from this source. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn Phase 2 trials, cotadutide produced weight loss, greater hepatic lipid lowering, appetite suppression, and reductions in blood pressure and HbA1c in people with obesity and T2D.
“In clinical studies, cotadutide was indeed well tolerated95,96, and in Phase 2 clinical trials, the peptide displayed impressive weight loss efficacy, superior hepatic lipid-lowering capabilities and appetite suppression, along with a reduction in blood pressure and HbA1c levels in individuals with obesity and T2D91,95,97.”
From Transforming obesity: The advancement of multi-receptor drugs (2024) · cites this paper as [91]
The supplied passages and searches for cotadutide, Phase 2 trials, and the claimed clinical outcomes found no discussion of cotadutide in this paper. The Abstract passage on reduced hepatic lipid content concerns acid ceramidase in a mouse model, not cotadutide in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes. No passage in our copy establishes the attributed trial results. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe extant adipocytes' impaired insulin signalling permits lipolysis, further promoting local hyperlipidaemia.
“Furthermore, the extant adipocytes' impaired insulin signalling permits lipolysis, further promoting local hyperlipidaemia.[ 28 ]”
From Pathogenesis of sarcopenia and the relationship with fat mass: descriptive review (2022) · cites this paper as [28]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue
Zhang, Y., Proenca, R., Maffei, M., Barone, M., Leopold, L., & Friedman, J. M. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372425a0 · Cited by 13,419 · see citing works
The metabolic phenotype in obesity: Fat mass, body fat distribution, and adipose tissue function
Goossens, G. H. (2017) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000471488 · Cited by 8,481 · see citing works
Adipose Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α: Direct Role in Obesity-Linked Insulin Resistance
Hotamisligil, G. S., Shargill, N. S., & Spiegelman, B. M. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7678183 · Cited by 7,518 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Historically, Spiegelman and colleagues (20,21) started to look at the adipocyte as a source of enzymes and secreted factors.”
Chen, X., Xiu, M., Xing, J., Yu, S., Min, D., & Guo, F. (2017) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000479439 · Cited by 5,759 · see citing works
Paradoxical Decrease of an Adipose-Specific Protein, Adiponectin, in Obesity
Arita, Y., Kihara, S., Ouchi, N., Takahashi, M., Maeda, K., Miyagawa, J.-I., Hotta, K., Shimomura, I., Nakamura, T., Miyaoka, K., et al. (1999) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.0255 · Cited by 4,856 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Despite its exclusive expression at the level of the fat cell, adiponectin concentrations in plasma are actually inversely proportional to fat mass, an observation that, at least at first sight, is somewhat counterintuitive and in contrast to essentially every single other adipocyte-derived secretory protein (29,30).”
A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis
Boström, P., Wu, J., Jedrychowski, M. P., Korde, A., Ye, L., Lo, J. C., Rasbach, K. A., Boström, E. A., Choi, J. H., Long, J. Z., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10777 · Cited by 4,810 · see citing works
The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes
Steppan, C. M., Bailey, S. T., Bhat, S., Brown, E. J., Banerjee, R. R., Wright, C. M., Patel, H. R., Ahima, R. S., & Lazar, M. A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35053000 · Cited by 4,755 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Additional molecules, such as resistin (25,26), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) (27), and endotrophin (28), were added to that list of adipocyte-enriched secretory products at later points by us and others (Fig.”
A Novel Serum Protein Similar to C1q, Produced Exclusively in Adipocytes
Scherer, P. E., Williams, S. P., Fogliano, M., Baldini, G., & Lodish, H. F. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.45.26746 · Cited by 3,238 · cited 1× · see citing works
“These factors include proteins, such as adiponectin, that we first discovered in the early 1990s (23), around the same time that leptin, another key adipokine, was reported by Jeff Friedman’s laboratory (24).”
Self-citationThe adipocyte-secreted protein Acrp30 enhances hepatic insulin action
Berg, A. H., Combs, T. P., Du, X., Brownlee, M., & Scherer, P. E. (2001) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/90992 · Cited by 2,526 · see citing works
Self-citationFGF-21 as a novel metabolic regulator
Kharitonenkov, A., Shiyanova, T. L., Koester, A., Ford, A. M., Micanovic, R., Galbreath, E. J., Sandusky, G. E., Hammond, L. J., Moyers, J. S., Owens, R. A., et al. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci23606 · Cited by 2,125 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Additional molecules, such as resistin (25,26), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) (27), and endotrophin (28), were added to that list of adipocyte-enriched secretory products at later points by us and others (Fig.”
InfluentialAdipose Tissue, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease
Berg, A. H., & Scherer, P. E. (2005) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.0000163635.62927.34 · Cited by 2,113 · cited 3× · see citing works
“It is a potent anti-inflammatory factor (16).”
InfluentialSelf-citationAdipose tissue remodeling and obesity
Sun, K., Kusminski, C. M., & Scherer, P. E. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci45887 · Cited by 1,941 · cited 2× · see citing works
“It is this process that is associated with a chronic inflammatory response (8).”
Self-citationPlasma Adiponectin Levels and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Men
Pischon, T. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.291.14.1730 · Cited by 1,762 · see citing works
Towards a molecular understanding of adaptive thermogenesis
Lowell, B. B., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35007527 · Cited by 1,630 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Energy intake reflects mostly the uptake of calorically dense foods, while the energy expenditure side reflects the energy required to meet basic energy demands, energy required for physical activity, and energy expended on adaptive thermogenesis (3,4).”
Obesity-associated improvements in metabolic profile through expansion of adipose tissue
Kim, J.-Y., van de Wall, E., Laplante, M., Azzara, A., Trujillo, M. E., Hofmann, S. M., Schraw, T., Durand, J. L., Li, H., Li, G., et al. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci31021 · Cited by 1,310 · cited 2× · see citing works
“We have done this in rodents on several occasions, either through a direct overexpression of adiponectin (33) or through the manipulation of other critical cellular pathways, including interventions at the level of mitochondria (34).”
Self-citationMinireview: The Adipocyte—At the Crossroads of Energy Homeostasis, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis
Rajala, M. W., & Scherer, P. E. (2003) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2003-0580 · Cited by 1,190 · cited 1× · see citing works
“All of these phenomena ultimately trigger increased cellular stress, increased necrosis, and some degree of chronic, unresolved inflammation (9).”
Self-citationPajvani, U. B., Hawkins, M., Combs, T. P., Rajala, M. W., Doebber, T., Berger, J. P., Wagner, J. A., Wu, M., Knopps, A., Xiang, A. H., et al. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m311113200 · Cited by 1,163 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For example, upon exposure to a peroxisome proliferator– activated receptor g (PPARg) agonist, we reported that the relative increase in adiponectin is proportional to the effectiveness of the drug to improve systemic insulin sensitivity (35).”
Self-citationMetabolic Dysregulation and Adipose Tissue Fibrosis: Role of Collagen VI
Khan, T., Muise, E. S., Iyengar, P., Wang, Z. V., Chandalia, M., Abate, N., Zhang, B. B., Bonaldo, P., Chua, S., & Scherer, P. E. (2009) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.01300-08 · Cited by 1,053 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In this context, we have studied the relevance of collagen 6 expression, one of the most abundant extracellular matrix constituents of adipose tissue (13).”
Self-citationRao, R. R., Long, J. Z., White, J. P., Svensson, K. J., Lou, J., Lokurkar, I., Jedrychowski, M. P., Ruas, J. L., Wrann, C. D., Lo, J. C., et al. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.065 · Cited by 973 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Other prominent factors that have the ability to do this in white adipose tissue are vascular endothelial growth factors (15,61); bone morphogenic proteins (62); a set of muscle-derived molecules, such as meteorin-like (63) and irisin (64); and the growth factor receptor Her3/ErbB3, a target that we are actively worki…”
Fibrosis and adipose tissue dysfunction.
Sun, K., Tordjman, J., Clément, K., & Scherer, P. E. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.06.016 · Cited by 960 · cited 1× · see citing works
“We know from both genetic and pharmacological studies that the modulation of the extracellular matrix environment plays a vital role in the health of adipose tissue, both at steady state and during expansion (10).”
Self-citationReceptor-mediated activation of ceramidase activity initiates the pleiotropic actions of adiponectin
Holland, W. L., Miller, R. A., Wang, Z. V., Sun, K., Barth, B. M., Bui, H. H., Davis, K. E., Bikman, B. T., Halberg, N., Rutkowski, J. M., et al. (2011) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2277 · Cited by 892 · see citing works
Self-citationA small-molecule AdipoR agonist for type 2 diabetes and short life in obesity
Okada-Iwabu, M., Yamauchi, T., Iwabu, M., Honma, T., Hamagami, K.-I., Matsuda, K., Yamaguchi, M., Tanabe, H., Kimura-Someya, T., Shirouzu, M., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12656 · Cited by 757 · cited 1× · see citing works
“There is widespread interest in the adiponectin receptor as a drug target (51).”
Pyrimidine Nucleotide Biosynthesis in Animals: Genes, Enzymes, and Regulation of UMP Biosynthesis
Jones, M. (1980) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.49.070180.001345 · Cited by 724 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Uridine biosynthesis takes place predominantly in the liver, at least in the fed state (67).”
Adipocyte inflammation is essential for healthy adipose tissue expansion and remodeling
Wernstedt Asterholm, I., Tao, C., Morley, T. S., Wang, Q. A., Delgado-Lopez, F., Wang, Z. V., & Scherer, P. E. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.05.005 · Cited by 668 · cited 2× · see citing works
“As a result, we reached the surprising conclusion that a transient, low level of inflammation is beneficial and, in fact, is required for the remodeling of adipose tissue, again highlighting the central role of the extracellular matrix in the process of tissue expansion (17).”
Self-citationNawrocki, A. R., Rajala, M. W., Tomás, E., Pajvani, U. B., Saha, A. K., Trumbauer, M. E., Pang, Z., Chen, A. S., Ruderman, N. B., Chen, H., et al. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m505311200 · Cited by 640 · see citing works
Self-citationCeramides – Lipotoxic Inducers of Metabolic Disorders
Chaurasia, B., & Summers, S. A. (2015) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2015.07.006 · Cited by 622 · cited 1× · see citing works
“More importantly, we now know that ceramide levels are frequently elevated in the context of type 2 diabetes in both plasma and tissues (56).”
Holland, W. L., & Summers, S. A. (2008) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2007-0025 · Cited by 585 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The connection between adiponectin and lipid metabolism is particularly apparent when we look at the broad category of lipids referred to as ceramides (55).”
Combs, T. P., Pajvani, U. B., Berg, A. H., Lin, Y., Jelicks, L. A., Laplante, M., Nawrocki, A. R., Rajala, M. W., Parlow, A. F., Cheeseboro, L., et al. (2004) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2003-1068 · Cited by 545 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In many instances, improvements at the level of the tissue are not merely correlational to increases in adiponectin levels, but rather they are a direct consequence of it (38).”
Self-citationThe cell biology of fat expansion
Rutkowski, J. M., Stern, J. H., & Scherer, P. E. (2015) · Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201409063 · Cited by 541 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Now, we appreciate that the adipocyte is a very complex, metabolically highly active, and potent secretory cell (2).”
Self-citationAn FGF21-Adiponectin-Ceramide Axis Controls Energy Expenditure and Insulin Action in Mice
Holland, W., Adams, A., Brozinick, J., Bui, H., Miyauchi, Y., Kusminski, C., Bauer, S., Wade, M., Singhal, E., Cheng, C. C., et al. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.03.019 · Cited by 525 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Similarly, PPARg agonists, such as the thiazolidinediones, lead to an effective reduction of ceramide levels by mediating an induction of FGF21, which in turn elevates adiponectin (57,58).”
Self-citationKusminski, C. M., Holland, W. L., Sun, K., Park, J., Spurgin, S. B., Lin, Y., Askew, G. R., Simcox, J., McClain, D. A., Li, C., et al. (2012) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2899 · Cited by 466 · cited 4× · see citing works
“We have done this in rodents on several occasions, either through a direct overexpression of adiponectin (33) or through the manipulation of other critical cellular pathways, including interventions at the level of mitochondria (34).”
InfluentialSelf-citationThe Adipocyte as an Endocrine Cell
Halberg, N., Asterholm, I. W., & Scherer, P. E. (2008) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2008.07.002 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Self-citationGluttony, sloth and the metabolic syndrome: a roadmap to lipotoxicity
Unger, R. H., & Scherer, P. E. (2010) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2010.01.009 · Cited by 436 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Energy intake reflects mostly the uptake of calorically dense foods, while the energy expenditure side reflects the energy required to meet basic energy demands, energy required for physical activity, and energy expended on adaptive thermogenesis (3,4).”
Self-citationThe Changed Metabolic World with Human Brown Adipose Tissue: Therapeutic Visions
Nedergaard, J., & Cannon, B. (2010) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2010.03.007 · Cited by 424 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A third cell type, the “beige adipocyte,” is found in white adipose tissue but has the capacity to develop many of the functional characteristics of brown fat under certain conditions, including cold exposure (18).”
Dichotomous effects of VEGF-A on adipose tissue dysfunction
Sun, K., Asterholm, I. W., Kusminski, C. M., Bueno, A. C., Wang, Z. V., Pollard, J. W., Brekken, R. A., & Scherer, P. E. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1200447109 · Cited by 417 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Extending the proangiogenic component in adipose tissue during expansion can also significantly stave off the fibrotic response, reduce ensuing cell death, and translate into a reduced level of local insulin resistance as a result of reduced inflammation (15).”
Self-citationWang, Z. V., Deng, Y., Gao, N., Pedrozo, Z., Li, D. ‘., Morales, C. R., Criollo, A., Luo, X., Tan, W. H., Jiang, N., et al. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.01.014 · Cited by 406 · cited 1× · see citing works
“We, along with a number of colleagues at The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, have shown that Xbp1s is a factor critically involved in the adaptation phase between feeding and fasting in a range of different tissues, including in the liver (68), the heart (69), key neurons in the hypothalamus (70), and…”
Self-citationAssociation of Adiponectin Mutation With Type 2 Diabetes
Kondo, H., Shimomura, I., Matsukawa, Y., Kumada, M., Takahashi, M., Matsuda, M., Ouchi, N., Kihara, S., Kawamoto, T., Sumitsuji, S., et al. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.7.2325 · Cited by 383 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Adiponectin is one of the best biomarkers for existing metabolic disease—low levels of adiponectin reflect high degrees of insulin resistance (46,47).”
Adipocyte-derived endotrophin promotes malignant tumor progression
Park, J., & Scherer, P. E. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci63930 · Cited by 350 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Additional molecules, such as resistin (25,26), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) (27), and endotrophin (28), were added to that list of adipocyte-enriched secretory products at later points by us and others (Fig.”
Self-citationParacrine and Endocrine Effects of Adipose Tissue on Cancer Development and Progression
Park, J., Euhus, D., & Scherer, P. E. (2011) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2010-0030 · Cited by 349 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The infrastructure of the adipocyte can be taken over by an infiltrating tumor mass, particularly in the mammary gland, where tumor cells take advantage of local growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix modulators, and adipocyte-derived metabolites (28,76,77).”
Self-citationXia, J. Y., Holland, W. L., Kusminski, C. M., Sun, K., Sharma, A. X., Pearson, M. J., Sifuentes, A. J., McDonald, J. G., Gordillo, R., & Scherer, P. E. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.06.007 · Cited by 348 · cited 3× · see citing works
“In order to address the involvement of the ceramides more directly, we used an enzyme that targets ceramides for degradation, a so-called acid ceramidase (60).”
InfluentialSelf-citationAdipose Tissue Collagen VI in Obesity
Pasarica, M., Gawrońska‐Kozak, B., Burk, D. H., Remedios, I., Hymel, D., Gimble, J., Ravussin, É., Bray, G. A., & Smith, S. R. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0947 · Cited by 338 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Elegant studies by the Clément group in Paris, France, and the Smith group in Orlando, FL, have underlined the clinical implications of many of the pathological changes associated with fibrous adipose tissue (11,12).”
Severely Impaired Adipsin Expression in Genetic and Acquired Obesity
Flier, J. S., Cook, K. S., Usher, P., & Spiegelman, B. M. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3299706 · Cited by 329 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Historically, Spiegelman and colleagues (20,21) started to look at the adipocyte as a source of enzymes and secreted factors.”
Pajvani, U. B., Trujillo, M. E., Combs, T. P., Iyengar, P., Jelicks, L., Roth, K. A., Kitsis, R. N., & Scherer, P. E. (2005) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1262 · Cited by 322 · cited 1× · see citing works
“We refer to these mice as the ATTAC mice, for Apoptosis Through Triggered Activation of Caspase-8 (39).”
Self-citationDiacylglycerol Activation of Protein Kinase Cε and Hepatic Insulin Resistance
Jornayvaz, F. R., & Shulman, G. I. (2012) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.03.005 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
High Adiponectin Concentrations Are Associated with the Metabolically Healthy Obese Phenotype
Aguilar-Salinas, C. A., García, E. G., Robles, L., Barros, D. A. R., Ruiz-Gómez, D. G., García-Ulloa, A. C., Melgarejo-Hernández, M. A., Zamora, M., Guillén-Pineda, L. E., Mehta, R., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2724 · Cited by 303 · cited 2× · see citing works
“However, some individuals fall into the category of metabolically healthy obese: despite having relatively high BMIs, they display normal metabolic parameters, even though they may not be immune to future pathophysiological changes as a consequence of the increased fat mass (6).”
Storlien, L., Oakes, N. D., & Kelley, D. E. (2004) · Proceedings of the Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns2004349 · Cited by 291 · cited 1× · see citing works
“We know that the systemic ability to adjust to changing nutrient conditions—a phenomenon that we refer to as metabolic flexibility (5)—very much depends on the ability of the adipocyte and adipose tissue to expand”
Controlled-release mitochondrial protonophore reverses diabetes and steatohepatitis in rats
Perry, R. J., Zhang, D., Zhang, X.-M., Boyer, J. L., & Shulman, G. I. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaa0672 · Cited by 283 · cited 1× · see citing works
“That is a very powerful and a very effective way of dissipating excess energy, but we have to be very careful to have feedback mechanisms in place to avoid overheating (73,74).”
Congenital generalized lipodystrophies—new insights into metabolic dysfunction
Patni, N., & Garg, A. (2015) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2015.123 · Cited by 262 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The other extreme is lipodystrophy, reflecting the metabolically unhealthy lean individual, displaying severe metabolic dysfunction despite the fact that these individuals have very little or, in some instances, almost no adipose tissue to cope with (7).”
Adiponectin, driver or passenger on the road to insulin sensitivity?
Ye, R., & Scherer, P. E. (2013) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2013.04.001 · Cited by 251 · cited 2× · see citing works
“There is not a tissue in the system that is not directly—or minimally indirectly—affected by the actions of adiponectin (19).”
Self-citationXbp1s in Pomc Neurons Connects ER Stress with Energy Balance and Glucose Homeostasis
Williams, K. W., Liu, T., Kong, X., Fukuda, M., Deng, Y., Berglund, E. D., Deng, Z., Gao, Y., Liu, T., Sohn, J., et al. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.06.002 · Cited by 251 · cited 1× · see citing works
“We, along with a number of colleagues at The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, have shown that Xbp1s is a factor critically involved in the adaptation phase between feeding and fasting in a range of different tissues, including in the liver (68), the heart (69), key neurons in the hypothalamus (70), and…”
Self-citationMechanisms of Early Insulin-Sensitizing Effects of Thiazolidinediones in Type 2 Diabetes
Tonelli, J., Li, W., Kishore, P., Pajvani, U. B., Kwon, E., Weaver, C. L., Scherer, P. E., & Hawkins, M. A. (2004) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.6.1621 · Cited by 249 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Adiponectin is one of the best biomarkers for existing metabolic disease—low levels of adiponectin reflect high degrees of insulin resistance (46,47).”
Self-citationPerry, R. J., Kim, T.-H., Zhang, X., Lee, H., Pesta, D. H., Popov, V., Zhang, D., Rahimi, Y., Jurczak, M. J., Cline, G. W., et al. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.10.004 · Cited by 230 · cited 1× · see citing works
“That is a very powerful and a very effective way of dissipating excess energy, but we have to be very careful to have feedback mechanisms in place to avoid overheating (73,74).”
Cortés, V., Curtis, D. E., Sukumaran, S., Shao, X., Parameswara, V., Rashid, S., Smith, A. R., Ren, J., Esser, V., Hammer, R. E., et al. (2009) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2009.01.002 · Cited by 226 · cited 1× · see citing works
“As an example, in the lipodystrophic AGPAT2 knockout mouse (72), we see that uridine levels are very low in the fasting state and do not change very much in the feeding/fasting transition.”
Wu, S., & Bezanilla, M. (2014) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.03498 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Crystal structures of the human adiponectin receptors
Tanabe, H., Fujii, Y., Okada‐Iwabu, M., Iwabu, M., Nakamura, Y., Hosaka, T., Motoyama, K., Ikeda, M., Wakiyama, M., Terada, T., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14301 · Cited by 217 · cited 1× · see citing works
“These efforts should be further facilitated by the availability of high-resolution structures for the adiponectin receptors that were recently published by Kadowaki and colleagues (52).”
Swyryd, E. A., Seaver, S. S., & Stark, G. R. (1974) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42149-2 · Cited by 213 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In fact, if we prevent uridine biosynthesis by injecting N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate acid (PALA) (71), an inhibitor of CAD, into fasted animals, we notice that these fasted animals no longer reduce their core body temperature to the same extent.”
The Adipocyte as an Important Target Cell for Trypanosoma cruzi Infection
Combs, T. P., Nagajyothi, Mukherjee, S., de Almeida, C. J. G., Jelicks, L. A., Schubert, W., Lin, Y., Jayabalan, D. S., Zhao, D., Braunstein, V. L., et al. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m412802200 · Cited by 209 · cited 1× · see citing works
“As an example, the adipocyte is the target for several parasites, such as Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease (75).”
Self-citationArchitecture and the extracellular matrix: the still unappreciated components of the adipose tissue
Divoux, A., & Clément, K. (2011) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2010.00811.x · Cited by 206 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Elegant studies by the Clément group in Paris, France, and the Smith group in Orlando, FL, have underlined the clinical implications of many of the pathological changes associated with fibrous adipose tissue (11,12).”
Adiponectin: A Key Player in Obesity Related Disorders
Matsuzawa, Y. (2010) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161210791208893 · Cited by 203 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Both the Kadowaki group in Tokyo, Japan (53), and the Matsuzawa group in Osaka, Japan (54), have contributed significantly to our understanding of adiponectin physiology over many years.”
Adiponectin Promotes Functional Recovery after Podocyte Ablation
Rutkowski, J. M., Wang, Z. V., Park, A. S. D., Zhang, J., Zhang, D., Hu, M. C., Moe, O. W., Suszták, K., & Scherer, P. E. (2013) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2012040414 · Cited by 172 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Similarly, in the kidney, we can induce widespread elimination of the podocyte in the “PODATTAC mouse” and notice that we improve the functional recovery of the kidney dramatically with elevated adiponectin in the system, reflecting the profound impact of adiponectin on improvements in kidney function in the context o…”
Self-citationMetabolically healthy and unhealthy obese – the 2013 S tock C onference report
Samocha‐Bonet, D., Dixit, V. D., Kahn, C. R., Leibel, R. L., Lin, X., Nieuwdorp, M., Pietiläinen, K. H., RABASA-LHORET, R. P. R., Roden, M., Scherer, P. E., et al. (2014) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12199 · Cited by 169 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, some individuals fall into the category of metabolically healthy obese: despite having relatively high BMIs, they display normal metabolic parameters, even though they may not be immune to future pathophysiological changes as a consequence of the increased fat mass (6).”
Self-citationEnhanced metabolic flexibility associated with elevated adiponectin levels
Asterholm, I. W., & Scherer, P. E. (2010) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2010.090647 · Cited by 157 · cited 2× · see citing works
“We conclude therefore that adiponectin levels are excellent integrators of adipose tissue health and systemic metabolic flexibility (37).”
Self-citationWang, Z. V., Deng, Y., Wang, Q. A., Sun, K., & Scherer, P. E. (2010) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2010-0136 · Cited by 156 · cited 1× · see citing works
“At the preclinical level, the adiponectin promoter cassette has allowed us to highly specifically manipulate the mature adipocyte and to generate a number of genetic tools that let us monitor the generation of new fat cells under many different conditions (49,50).”
Self-citationRajala, M. W., Lin, Y., Ranalletta, M., Yang, X. M., Qian, H., Gingerich, R., Barzilai, N., & Scherer, P. E. (2002) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2002-0048 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Self-citationBrown adipose tissue derived VEGF-A modulates cold tolerance and energy expenditure
Sun, K., Kusminski, C. M., Luby‐Phelps, K., Spurgin, S. B., An, Y., Wang, Q. A., Holland, W. L., & Scherer, P. E. (2014) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2014.03.010 · Cited by 152 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Other prominent factors that have the ability to do this in white adipose tissue are vascular endothelial growth factors (15,61); bone morphogenic proteins (62); a set of muscle-derived molecules, such as meteorin-like (63) and irisin (64); and the growth factor receptor Her3/ErbB3, a target that we are actively worki…”
Self-citationProangiogenic Contribution of Adiponectin toward Mammary Tumor Growth <i>In vivo</i>
Landskroner-Eiger, S., Qian, B., Muise, E. S., Nawrocki, A. R., Berger, J. P., Fine, E. J., Koba, W., Deng, Y., Pollard, J. W., & Scherer, P. E. (2009) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-2649 · Cited by 145 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In addition, it can be proangiogenic (44), making sure that expanding fat pads get appropriately vascularized.”
Self-citationThe Xbp1s/GalE axis links ER stress to postprandial hepatic metabolism
Deng, Y., Wang, Z. V., Tao, C., Gao, N., Holland, W. L., Ferdous, A., Repa, J. J., Liang, G., Ye, J., Lehrman, M. A., et al. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci62819 · Cited by 139 · cited 1× · see citing works
“We, along with a number of colleagues at The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, have shown that Xbp1s is a factor critically involved in the adaptation phase between feeding and fasting in a range of different tissues, including in the liver (68), the heart (69), key neurons in the hypothalamus (70), and…”
Self-citationAhl, S., Guenther, M. A., Zhao, S., James, R. G., Marks, J., Szabó, A., & Kidambi, S. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2765 · Cited by 129 · cited 2× · see citing works
“However, some individuals fall into the category of metabolically healthy obese: despite having relatively high BMIs, they display normal metabolic parameters, even though they may not be immune to future pathophysiological changes as a consequence of the increased fat mass (6).”
Adipose tissue mass and location affect circulating adiponectin levels
Turer, A. T., Khera, A., Ayers, C. R., Turer, C. B., Grundy, S. M., Vega, G. L., & Scherer, P. E. (2011) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-011-2252-z · Cited by 125 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Despite its exclusive expression at the level of the fat cell, adiponectin concentrations in plasma are actually inversely proportional to fat mass, an observation that, at least at first sight, is somewhat counterintuitive and in contrast to essentially every single other adipocyte-derived secretory protein (29,30).”
Self-citationLackey, D. E., Burk, D. H., Ali, M. R., Mostaedi, R., Smith, W. H., Park, J., Scherer, P. E., Seay, S. A., McCoin, C. S., Bonaldo, P., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00476.2013 · Cited by 111 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Even though these mice have mechanically less stable fat tissue in the absence of this key extracellular building block (14), they are metabolically healthier because they can bypass the usual constraints imposed by the fibrous extracellular milieu that the fat pads experience during expansion.”
Self-citationRegulation of Glucose-Transporter Function
Kasanicki, M. A., & Pilch, P. F. (1990) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.13.3.219 · Cited by 101 · cited 1× · see citing works
“At that time, we valued the fat cell mostly for its ability to undergo insulin-mediated glucose uptake and to release and reesterify free fatty acids, depending on nutritional status (1).”
Ye, R., Holland, W. L., Gordillo, R., Wang, M., Wang, Q. A., Shao, M., Morley, T. S., Gupta, R. K., Stahl, A., & Scherer, P. E. (2014) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.03851 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationPark, J., Kusminski, C. M., Chua, S. C., & Scherer, P. E. (2010) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2010.100595 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationRole of bone morphogenetic protein 4 in the differentiation of brown fat-like adipocytes
Xue, R., Wan, Y., Zhang, S., Zhang, Q., Ye, H., & Li, Y. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00119.2013 · Cited by 75 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Other prominent factors that have the ability to do this in white adipose tissue are vascular endothelial growth factors (15,61); bone morphogenic proteins (62); a set of muscle-derived molecules, such as meteorin-like (63) and irisin (64); and the growth factor receptor Her3/ErbB3, a target that we are actively worki…”
PANIC-ATTAC: A Mouse Model for Inducible and Reversible β-Cell Ablation
Wang, Z. V., Mu, J., Schraw, T., Gautron, L., Elmquist, J. K., Zhang, B. B., Brownlee, M., & Scherer, P. E. (2008) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db07-1631 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, Q. A., & Scherer, P. E. (2014) · Adipocyte · doi:10.4161/adip.27656 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of pioglitazone on plasma ceramides in adults with metabolic syndrome
Warshauer, J. T., Lopez, X., Gordillo, R., Hicks, J., Holland, W. L., Anuwe, E., Blankfard, M. B., Scherer, P. E., & Lingvay, I. (2015) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.2662 · Cited by 51 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Similarly, PPARg agonists, such as the thiazolidinediones, lead to an effective reduction of ceramide levels by mediating an induction of FGF21, which in turn elevates adiponectin (57,58).”
Self-citationAdiponectin and its receptors: implications for obesity-associated diseases and longevity
Kadowaki, T., Yamauchi, T., Okada‐Iwabu, M., & Iwabu, M. (2013) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70120-7 · Cited by 46 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Both the Kadowaki group in Tokyo, Japan (53), and the Matsuzawa group in Osaka, Japan (54), have contributed significantly to our understanding of adiponectin physiology over many years.”
Unger, R. H., Scherer, P. E., & Holland, W. L. (2013) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e12-10-0774 · Cited by 27 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Whether under conditions of feeding or fasting, carbohydrate excess or increased levels of free fatty acids, adiponectin acts in a pivotal manner to help the cell, and in fact the entire system, to adjust appropriately to varied conditions and maintain normal glucose and fatty acid levels (65).”
Self-citationChoi, J. W., Yoo, B.-K., Shin, C. Y., Ryu, M. K., Ryu, J. H., el Kouni, M. H., Lee, J.-C., Kim, W.-K., & Ko, K. H. (2006) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2006.06.004 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mechanisms of Insulin Action and Insulin Resistance
Petersen, M. C., & Shulman, G. I. (2018) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00063.2017 · Cited by 3,028 · see citing works
Adipogenesis and metabolic health
Ghaben, A. L., & Scherer, P. E. (2019) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-018-0093-z · Cited by 1,395 · see citing works
Self-citationWhy does obesity cause diabetes?
Klein, S., Gastaldelli, A., Yki-Järvinen, H., & Scherer, P. E. (2022) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2021.12.012 · Cited by 939 · see citing works
“…proteins (Crewe et al., 2017); (3) decreased adipose tissue production and secretion of adiponectin, an insulinsensitizing hormone (Straub and Scherer, 2019); (4) increased adipose tissue lipolytic activity and the release of FFAs into the circulation (Petersen and Shulman, 2018); and (5)…”
BackgroundSelf-citationAdiponectin regulation and function
Fang, H., & Judd, R. L. (2018) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c170046 · Cited by 631 · see citing works
Pathogenesis of sarcopenia and the relationship with fat mass: descriptive review
Li, C., Yu, K., Shyh‐Chang, N., Jiang, Z., Liu, T., Ma, S., Luo, L., Guang, L., Liang, K., Ma, W., et al. (2022) · Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12901 · Cited by 626 · see citing works
Adipokine dysregulation and adipose tissue inflammation in human obesity
Unamuno, X., Gómez‐Ambrosi, J., Rodríguez, A., Becerril, S., Frühbeck, G., & Catalán, V. (2018) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.12997 · Cited by 610 · see citing works
“Thinking beyond metabolic function of adipose tissue constitutes a relevant concept because different disease areas may be affected by adipocytes.(139)”
BackgroundThe Role of Obesity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—An Overview
Chandrasekaran, P., & Weiskirchen, R. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25031882 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
“However, if this adaptive response is altered, it can lead to the development of metabolic However, if this adaptive response is altered, it can lead to the development of metabolic dysfunction in people with obesity [43]. dysfunction in people with obesity [43].”
BackgroundObesity, Inflammation, and Immune System in Osteoarthritis
Nedunchezhiyan, U., Varughese, I., Sun, A. R., Wu, X., Crawford, R., & Prasadam, I. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.907750 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
Leal, L. G., Lopes, M. A., & Batista, M. L. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01307 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Gastaldelli, A., Gaggini, M., & DeFronzo, R. A. (2017) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db16-1167 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Metabolic Messengers: adiponectin
Straub, L. G., & Scherer, P. E. (2019) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-019-0041-z · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Self-citationBeyond adiponectin and leptin: adipose tissue-derived mediators of inter-organ communication
Funcke, J., & Scherer, P. E. (2019) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r094060 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Self-citationMacrophage functions in lean and obese adipose tissue
Thomas, D. D., & Apovian, C. M. (2017) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2017.04.005 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Partial Leptin Reduction as an Insulin Sensitization and Weight Loss Strategy
Zhao, S., Zhu, Y., Schultz, R. D., Li, N., He, Z., Zhang, Z., Caron, A., Zhu, Q., Sun, K., Xiong, W., et al. (2019) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.08.005 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
“A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript Introduction Obesity remains one of the most prominent risk factors for a large number of chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease and most types of cancer (Scherer, 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPersson, M., Cnattingius, S., Villamor, E., Söderling, J. K., Pasternak, B., Stephansson, O., & Neovius, M. (2017) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.j2563 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
“The adipose tissue is an active metabolic and endocrine organ, 50 distributed subcutaneously and in the visceral compartment.”
BackgroundZhang, F., Hao, G., Shao, M., Nham, K., An, Y., Wang, Q. A., Zhu, Y., Kusminski, C. M., Hassan, G., Gupta, R. K., et al. (2018) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.12.004 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Self-citationBray, G. A. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15102254 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
“With the enlargement of fat cells, there is often insulin resistance and an increased accumulation of fat in such places as visceral adipose tissue and the liver [82].”
BackgroundAdipokines: masterminds of metabolic inflammation
Tilg, H., Ianiro, G., Gasbarrini, A., & Adolph, T. E. (2024) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-024-01103-8 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
“with greater fat mass in obesity 75,76 .”
The Adiponectin Paradox for All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality
Menzaghi, C., & Trischitta, V. (2017) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/dbi17-0016 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Pathophysiology of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Petta, S., Gastaldelli, A., Rebelos, E., Bugianesi, E., Messa, P., Miele, L., Svegliati‐Baroni, G., Valenti, L. V. C., & Bonino, F. (2016) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms17122082 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
“Adiponectin is a cytokine that is mostly produced by adipocytes, its expression being primarily determined by adipocyte size and insulin sensitivity, with larger, insulin-resistant adipocytes being less productive [52,53].”
BackgroundThe many secret lives of adipocytes: implications for diabetes
Scherer, P. E. (2018) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-018-4777-x · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Self-citationGarbossa, S., & Folli, F. B. (2017) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-017-9423-2 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Adipose Tissue, Obesity and Adiponectin: Role in Endocrine Cancer Risk
Tumminia, A., Vinciguerra, F., Parisi, M., Graziano, M., Sciacca, L., Baratta, R., & Frittitta, L. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20122863 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
“Each isoform is able to activate distinct signal transduction pathways, regulating various biological functions [10].”
BackgroundTransforming obesity: The advancement of multi-receptor drugs
Kusminski, C. M., Perez-Tilve, D., Müller, T. D., DiMarchi, R. D., Tschöp, M. H., & Scherer, P. E. (2024) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2024.06.003 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationDatta, R., Podolsky, M. J., & Atabai, K. (2018) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.122289 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Metabolomic profiles as reliable biomarkers of dietary composition
Esko, T., Hirschhorn, J. N., Feldman, H. A., Hsu, Y.-H. H., Deik, A., Clish, C. B., Ebbeling, C. B., & Ludwig, D. S. (2017) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.144428 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“, LTB4, 11-HETE and allantoin, g-aminobutyric acid) (44– 46), and energy metabolism (uridine, creatine) (47, 48).”
Adiponectin Regulation and Function
Fang, H., & Judd, R. L. (2018) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.2018.tb00036.x · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“However, adiponectin is much more than an insulin sensitizing adipokine, possessing profound anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-apoptotic, proangiogenic, and proadi-pogenic properties (15,136,156,287).”
The Role of Ceramides in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Regulation of Ceramides by Adipokines
Field, B. C., Gordillo, R., & Scherer, P. E. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.569250 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationAdipose tissue inflammation in aging
Mau, T., & Yung, R. (2018) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.10.014 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
“Apart from immune cell infiltration, adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity is complicated by abnormalities of lipid metabolism (Scherer, 2016; Iyer et al., 2010).”
BackgroundInsulin Receptor Signaling in POMC, but Not AgRP, Neurons Controls Adipose Tissue Insulin Action
Shin, A. C., Filatova, N., Lindtner, C., Chi, T., Degann, S., Oberlin, D. J., & Buettner, C. (2017) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db16-1238 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Nutritional status and follicular-derived thyroid cancer: An update
Barrea, L., Gallo, M., Ruggeri, R. M., Giacinto, P. D., Sesti, F. F., Prinzi, N., Adinolfi, V., Barucca, V., Renzelli, V., Muscogiuri, G., et al. (2020) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1714542 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Interactions between central nervous system and peripheral metabolic organs
Zeng, W., Yang, F., Shen, W. L., Zhan, C., Zheng, P., & Hu, J. (2022) · Science China Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11427-021-2103-5 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“…have abundant adipose tissues present under the skin and around the internal organs, with evident differences in appearance, cellular composition and function, which stratify the tissue types into brown, white, beige/brite, and beyond (Cinti, 2018b; Rosen and Spiegelman, 2014; Scherer, 2016).”
BackgroundAdipose Tissue: A Safe Haven for Parasites?
Tanowitz, H. B., Scherer, P. E., Mota, M. M., & Figueiredo, L. M. (2016) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2016.11.008 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“number of bioactive peptides and larger proteins, critical metabolites and signaling lipids [1].”
Self-citationAdipose tissue NAD + biology in obesity and insulin resistance: From mechanism to therapy
Yamaguchi, S., & Yoshino, J. (2017) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.201600227 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Managing insulin resistance: the forgotten pathophysiological component of type 2 diabetes
Abdul-Ghani, M. A., Maffei, P., & DeFronzo, R. A. (2024) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00127-x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Qiu, L., Gao, C., Wang, H., Ren, Y., Li, J., Li, M., Du, X., Li, W., & Zhang, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1216708 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“Such infiltration induces the macrophages to polarize to M1-type pro-inflammatory phenotype and generate and emit inflammatory substances such TNF-a, IL-1, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), among others, which, in turn, regulate local and systemic inflammation (58, 59).”
BackgroundExogenous FABP4 interferes with differentiation, promotes lipolysis and inflammation in adipocytes
Dou, H., Wang, T., Su, H., Gao, D., Xu, Y., Li, Y., & Wang, H. (2019) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-019-02157-8 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Gerges, S. H., Wahdan, S. A., Elsherbiny, D. A., & El‐Demerdash, E. (2021) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119220 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Obesity and Breast Cancer Risk: The Oncogenic Implications of Metabolic Dysregulation
Naaman, S., Shen, S., Zeytinoglu, M., & Iyengar, N. M. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac241 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Faria, S. S., Corrêa, L. H., Cardoso, G. S. H. R., de Sant’Ana, L. P., Almeida, R. D. N., & Magalhães, K. G. (2020) · Journal of Breast Cancer · doi:10.4048/jbc.2020.23.e35 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“These regulate local and systemic metabolism and inflammation [8,9,11,21].”
BackgroundIntercellular and interorgan crosstalk through adipocyte extracellular vesicles
Crewe, C., & Scherer, P. E. (2021) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-020-09625-x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationMany, G. M., Sanford, J. A., Sagendorf, T. J., Hou, Z., Nigro, P., Whytock, K. L., Amar, D., Caputo, T., Gay, N. R., Gaul, D. A., et al. (2024) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-023-00959-9 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Metabolic control and sex: A focus on inflammatory‐linked mediators
Henstridge, D. C., Abildgaard, J., Lindegaard, B., & Febbraio, M. A. (2019) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.14642 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Inflammation and Metabolic Complications in HIV
Bourgi, K., Wanjalla, C. N., & Koethe, J. R. (2018) · Current HIV/AIDS Reports · doi:10.1007/s11904-018-0411-2 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Monnier, L., Schlienger, J.-L., Colette, C., & Bonnet, F. (2021) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2020.09.002 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Raajendiran, A., Krisp, C., Souza, D. P. D., Ooi, G., Burton, P. R., Taylor, R. A., Molloy, M. P., & Watt, M. J. (2021) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00473.2020 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“White adipocytes play a crucial role in maintaining systemic energy homeostasis by storing and releasing fatty acids in coordination with feeding and fasting cycles, respectively (1, 2).”
BackgroundOnaolapo, A. Y., & Onaolapo, O. J. (2018) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v9.i7.99 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Franczyk, M. P., He, M., & Yoshino, J. (2021) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvab024 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
González, F. B., Villar, S. R., Toneatto, J., Pacini, M. F., Márquez, J., D’Attilio, L., Bottasso, O. A., Piwien‐Pilipuk, G., & Pérez, A. R. (2018) · Medical Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1007/s00430-018-0572-z · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Adiponectin and cardiometabolic trait and mortality: where do we go?
Jang, A. Y., Scherer, P. E., Kim, J., Lim, S. K., & Koh, K. K. (2021) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvab199 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationThe manifold roles of protein S-nitrosylation in the life of insulin
Zhou, H., Premont, R. T., & Stamler, J. S. (2021) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-021-00583-1 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Lee, A. Y., Christensen, S. M., Duong, N., Tran, Q., Xiong, H. M., Huang, J., James, S., Vallabh, D., Talbott, G. C., Rose, M., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23073740 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Xin, Y., Hertle, E., Kallen, C., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & van Greevenbroek, M. M. J. (2017) · Obesity Research & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2017.11.002 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Scarale, M. G., Fontana, A., Trischitta, V., Copetti, M., & Menzaghi, C. (2018) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2018-01501 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Information extracted included first author; publication year; study name; type of outcome (i.e., all-cause and/or CV mortality); adiponectin isoform (total and/or HMW); number of participants; number of events; duration of follow-up (years); clinical setting [i.e., general population (GP), type 2 diabetes (T2D), CVDQ…”
BackgroundInfluentialDunmore, S., Alderawi, A., Nayak, A., Narshi, A., Nevill, A. M., Hellwig, A., Majebi, A., Kirkham, P., Brown, J. E. P., & Singh, B. M. (2017) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db17-0441 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Multidisciplinary Progress in Obesity Research
Lu, X., Jin, Y., Li, D., Zhang, J., Han, J., & Li, Y. (2022) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes13101772 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Eller, O. C., Morris, E. M., Thyfault, J. P., & Christianson, J. A. (2020) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113000 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Association between Adipokines and Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Letra, L., Matafome, P. N., Rodrigues, T., Duro, D., Lemos, R., Baldeiras, I., Patrício, M., Castelo-Branco, M. S., Caetano, G., Seiça, R. M. F., et al. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-180669 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“First described in the 1990 s, adipokines have already proved their clinical relevance as biomarkers of adipose tissue dysfunction and its related disorders [8, 9].”
Scholz, G. H., & Markolf Hanefeld, E. (2016) · Visceral Medicine · doi:10.1159/000450866 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Defining lipedema's molecular hallmarks by multi-omics approach for disease prediction in women
Straub, L. G., Funcke, J., Joffin, N., Joung, C., Al-Ghadban, S. I., Zhao, S., Zhu, Q., Kruglikov, I. L., Zhu, Y., Langlais, P. R., et al. (2025) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2025.156191 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationImportance of Adipose Tissue NAD+ Biology in Regulating Metabolic Flexibility
Franczyk, M. P., Qi, N., Stromsdorfer, K. L., Li, C., Yamaguchi, S., Itoh, H., Yoshino, M., Sasaki, Y., Brookheart, R. T., Finck, B. N., et al. (2021) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqab006 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Evolving perspectives on evaluating obesity: from traditional methods to cutting-edge techniques
Wang, H., Qin, Y., Niu, J., Chen, H., Lu, X., Wang, R., & Han, J. (2025) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2025.2472856 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“FFAs recruit and activate macrophages, stimulate pro-inflammatory factors, leading to a systemic inflammatory response linked with adipose tissue [29,30].”
Glöde, A., Naumann, J., Gnad, T., Cannone, V., Kilić, A., Burnett, J. C. J., & Pfeifer, A. (2017) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2016.12.010 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Tang, Q., Liu, Q., Yang, X., Wu, T., Huang, C., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Zhang, G., Zhao, Y., Zhou, J., et al. (2021) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202002607 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Menzaghi, C., Marucci, A., Antonucci, A., Bonis, C. D., Moreno, L. O., Salvemini, L., Copetti, M., Trischitta, V., & Paola, R. D. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep44337 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“However, the well-known deleterious effects of all components of the resistin pathway on both IR and LGI 4,5 do represent a credible and strong biological background for the data we here report.”
González, F. B., Villar, S. R., Pacini, M. F., Bottasso, O. A., & Pérez, A. R. (2019) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165642 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ren, C., Yi, W., Jiang, B., Gao, E., Liang, J., Zhang, B., Yang, Z., Zheng, D., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Stem Cells International · doi:10.1155/2023/7441367 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
RetractedAdiponectin/AdipoRs signaling as a key player in testicular aging and associated metabolic disorders
Choubey, M., Ranjan, A. K., & Krishna, A. (2021) · Vitamins and hormones · doi:10.1016/bs.vh.2020.12.024 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenic Features and Experimental Models in Rodents
Gvazava, I. G., Karimova, M. V., Vasiliev, A. V., & Vorotelyak, E. A. (2022) · Acta Naturae · doi:10.32607/actanaturae.11751 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Frick, J. M., Eller, O. C., Foright, R. M., Levasseur, B. M., Yang, X., Wang, R., Winter, M. K., O’Neil, M. F., Morris, E. M., Thyfault, J. P., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00216.2022 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Label-free optical metabolic imaging of adipose tissues for prediabetes diagnosis
Chen, L., Qin, G., Liu, Y., Li, M., Li, Y., Guo, L., Du, L., Zheng, W., Wu, P., Chuang, Y.-H., et al. (2023) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.82697 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“matory factors, and free fatty acids to disrupt the balance of glucose and lipid metabolism [51, 52] and impair insulin signaling transduction [53, 54].”
BackgroundKhamis, A., Boutry, R., Canouil, M., Mathew, S., Lobbens, S., Crouch, H. K., Andrew, T., Abderrahmani, A., Tamanini, F., & Froguel, P. (2020) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-020-00858-w · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in regulating insulin sensitivity and glucose ho56 meostasis (1).”
BackgroundWu, X., Ge, R., Huang, L., Tian, F., Chen, Y., Wu, L., & Niu, J. (2021) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.13666 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Jo, S., Park, S. B., Kim, H., Im, I., Noh, H., Kim, E., Kim, K. Y., Oelgeschläger, M., Kim, J., & Park, H. (2024) · Biofabrication · doi:10.1088/1758-5090/ad4c0a · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Endotrophin: Nominated for best supporting actor in the fibro-inflammatory saga
Scherer, P. E., & Gupta, O. T. (2021) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103447 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“As adipose tissues become dysfunctional, the altered physiological state of obese adipose tissue holds the key to enhanced pathologic sequelae across the board [2].”
BackgroundSelf-citationBeyond Body Size: Adiponectin as a Key Player in Obesity-Driven Cancers
Capuozzo, M., Celotto, V., Landi, L., Ferrara, F., Sabbatino, F., Perri, F., Cascella, M., Granata, V., Santorsola, M., & Ottaiano, A. (2023) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635581.2023.2272343 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Torpor: The Rise and Fall of 3-Monoiodothyronamine from Brain to Gut—From Gut to Brain?
Glossmann, H. H., & Lutz, O. M. D. (2017) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00118 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A Mechanistic Rationale for Incretin-Based Therapeutics in the Management of Obesity
Samms, R. J., & Kusminski, C. M. (2024) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105443 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Muturi, H. T., Khuder, S. S., Ghadieh, H. E., Esakov, E. L., Noh, H. L., Kang, H., McInerney, M. F., Kim, J. K., Lee, A. D., & Najjar, S. M. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10082093 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“The resultant low-level inflammation in the adipocytic microenvironment of VECadherin+Cc1fl/fl would limit fibrosis to bestow plasticity and enhance the expansion of adipocytes to store excess fat [47].”
BackgroundHeterogeneity in the effect of marked weight loss on metabolic function in women with obesity
Mittendorfer, B., Kayser, B. D., Yoshino, M., Yoshino, J., Watrous, J. D., Jain, M., Eagon, J. C., Patterson, B. W., & Klein, S. (2023) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.169541 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Adipose Tumor Microenvironment
Zewdu, A., Casadei, L., Pollock, R. E., & Braggio, D. (2020) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-36214-0_6 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Potential clinical biomarkers in monitoring the severity of Hantaan virus infection
Zhao, H., Sun, J.-J., & Liu, H.-L. (2023) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156340 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Huang, L., Zhang, F., Wang, Y., Wu, J., Wang, R., Wei, S., Li, X., Xu, N., Wang, Y., & Li, Y. (2025) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2025.119842 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Immunometabolism in obesity: Understanding the beneficial and detrimental roles of inflammation
Lee, Y. S. (2026) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3003620 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“This is often cited as evidence for questioning the causal role of inflammation in obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction [77,78].”
Role of EZH2 in adipogenesis and obesity: Current state of the art and implications – A review
Wang, H. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000030344 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“[14,15] In the process of forming new adipocytes, MSCs that exhibit the potential to differentiate into various cell lineages, including adipocytes, osteoblasts, and myocytes, can restrict their fate commitment toward the adipocyte lineage.”
BackgroundKang, L., Chen, X., Qi, P., Ma, Z., Han, D., Zhang, X., & Shang, P. (2024) · Translational Cancer Research · doi:10.21037/tcr-24-744 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Adiponectin has been shown to have a variety of functions in the human body, balancing glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin-sensitizing, anti-apoptosis, and immunomodulatory effects (52).”
Furmanova, O. V., Kp, Z., Попова, В. В., & Tronko, M. D. (2020) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine) · doi:10.22141/2224-0721.16.7.2020.219006 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Trieger, G. W., Pessentheiner, A. R., Purcell, S. C., Green, C. R., DeForest, N., Willert, K., Majithia, A. R., Metallo, C. M., Godula, K., & Gordts, P. L. S. M. (2023) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104611 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Šnajder, D., Perić Kačarević, Ž., Grgić, A., Bijelić, N., Fenrich, M., Belovari, T., & Radić, R. (2019) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2017.1419181 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“The metabolic flexibility of an individual highly depends on the ability of the adipocyte and adipose tissue to expand in order to accommodate fat created due to an excess of calories [40].”
BackgroundYasmeen, S., Khan, U. I., Khān, G. M., & Fatima, S. S. (2018) · Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1080/13813455.2018.1481095 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“A wellregulated adipocyte growth along with proper vascularisation (angiogenesis) of matrix is crucial to maintaining cell’s oxygen and nutrient needs (Scherer 2016).”
BackgroundAdipose Tissue Plasticity in Aging
Wang, G., Song, A., Bae, M., & Wang, Q. A. (2022) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c220005 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Xu, X., Tang, X. Y., Ji, R., Xiang, X., Liu, Q., Han, S., Du, J., Li, Y., Mai, K., & Ai, Q. (2025) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2025.159632 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Concentration omentin-1 in the serum of patients with coronary heart disease
Draganova, A. S., Polyakova, E. A., Александровна, К. Д., Belyaeva, О. D., Беркович, О. А., Каронова, Т. Л., & Shlyakhto, E. V. (2020) · Translational Medicine · doi:10.18705/2311-4495-2019-6-6-5-13 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kp, Z., Попова, В. В., Orlenko, V. L., Furmanova, O. V., & Tronko, M. D. (2021) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine) · doi:10.22141/2224-0721.17.7.2021.244969 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Modulation and Reprogramming of Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Obesity
Liu, Y., Huang, X., Sang, L., Zhang, Y., Cao, J., & Kong, Q. (2026) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom16020339 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Case Reports: Multifaceted Experiences Treating Youth with Severe Obesity
Schaller, K. E., Stephenson-Somers, L. J., Ariza, A. J., Quadri, M., & Binns, H. J. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16060927 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“The physiology of excess adipose tissue drives persistence of and continued excessive weight gain [29,30].”
Gasier, H. G., Yu, T., Swift, J. M., Metzger, C. E., McNerny, E., Swallow, E. A., Piantadosi, C. A., & Allen, M. R. (2020) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22768 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Adiponectin is known to stimulate insulin secretion, glucose uptake, lipid oxidation, and antiinflammatory effects (27,28).”
BackgroundThyroid-Stimulating Hormone-Stimulated Human Adipocytes Express Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
Ma, L., Gagnon, A., Landry, A., Le, T., Xiao, F., Sun, C., Lochnan, H. A., Burger, D. E., & Sorisky, A. (2018) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-0044-101834 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Gupte, P. A., Khade, K., Wagh, G. N., Deshmukh, C. S., Pandit, V. A., & Bhalerao, S. S. (2023) · Journal of Diabetology · doi:10.4103/jod.jod_17_23 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Resveratrol as Anti-Obesity and Anticancer Agent
Gupta, V. K., Sonker, P., & Kumar, A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-1846-8_10 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Scherer, P. E.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Scherer, Philipp E.
- ORCID
- Scherer, Philipp E.
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2016-05-18
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1452-1461
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- PMC
- PMC4878420
- OpenAlex
- W2406023708
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 16.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P01-DK088761, R01-DK099110, R01-DK55758)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Keywords
- adipose tissue, adipocytes, adipose tissue endocrine function, adipokines, adiponectin, sphingolipids, insulin sensitivity, uridine, adipose tissue immune cells, lipid homeostasis, metabolic flexibility
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Awards and Prizes, Boston, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Adipocytes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
