Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial
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OBJECTIVE: Depression is common in diabetes and linked to adverse health outcomes. This study evaluated the efficacy of a guided web-based intervention in reducing depression in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 260 participants with diabetes and elevated depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D ≥23]) were randomly assigned to the GET.ON Mood Enhancer Diabetes (a guided self-help intervention, n = 130) or a brief online unguided psychoeducation program for depression (n = 130). The primary outcome was depressive symptoms severity (CES-D). The secondary outcomes included diabetes-specific emotional distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes [PAID] scale) and participant satisfaction (adaption CSQ-8). Data were collected at baseline and 2 months after randomization. To identify differences in outcome between the groups, we used analyses of covariance with the baseline CES-D score as covariate on both intent-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) basis. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed significantly less depressive symptom severity at posttreatment based on ITT (d = 0.89) and PP analyses (d = 1.00). The intervention participants displayed a significantly larger reduction in diabetes-specific emotional distress (d = 0.58, ITT). The intervention appeared to be acceptable to the participants; 95% (n = 121) would recommend the training to a friend with diabetes in need of psychological help. CONCLUSIONS: A guided, web-based intervention to reduce depression in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes is effective in reducing both depressive symptoms and diabetes-specific emotional distress.
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Digital depression interventions can work for people with diabetes.
“As one example, Bendig et al. (2021) reported on a failed trial examining an intervention for depression in people with coronary artery disease, while we do know that this kind of intervention can work e.g. for people with diabetes (Nobis et al., 2018; Nobis et al., 2015; van Bastelaar et al., 2008).”
From Special issue on digital health interventions in chronic medical conditions: Editorial (2022) · cites this paper as Nobis et al., 2015
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“…one example, Bendig et al. (2021) reported on a failed trial examining an intervention for depression in people with coronary artery disease, while we do know that this kind of intervention can work e.g. for people with diabetes (Nobis et al., 2018; Nobis et al., 2015; van Bastelaar et al., 2008).”
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- Authors
- Nobis, S., Lehr, D., Ebert, D. D., Baumeister, H., Snoek, F., Riper, H., & Berking, M.
- Affiliations
- Leuphana University of Lüneburg (DE)
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Nobis, Stephanie
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2015-02-20
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 776-783
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2104971784
- Semantic Scholar
- 45428e5d9cb6d5cd432e996ce43c7a5833d74f40
- Cited by
- 175
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 24.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.amsterdamumc.nl
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Multilingual Matters (Channel View Publications) (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- FreiDok plus (Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Keywords
- depression, depressive symptoms, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, online intervention, guided self-help, psychoeducation, Problem Areas in Diabetes, treatment acceptability
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Depressive Disorder, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Compliance, Patient Education as Topic, Psychotherapy, Self Care, Health Behavior, Patient Satisfaction, Internet, Cell Phone
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