Morbidity and mortality in diabetics in the Framingham population. Sixteen year follow-up study
Abstract
In a sixteen year follow-up study in Framingham, it was found that diabetics in general show an increased morbidity and mortality from all cardiovascular causes. Insulin-treated diabetic women showed the greatest relative mortality from coronary heart disease. Diabetics were found to have higher lipid values, more hypertension and more obesity, even prior to diagnosis. When all the associated risk factors, individually or together, were taken into consideration their presence could not entirely explain the increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality experienced by the diabetic. An as yet unknown factor appears to be present in diabetics that could be responsible for much of the higher incidence of cardiovascular complications in diabetics.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Diabetes-related morbidity and mortality is primarily due to cardiovascular complications.
“diabetes-related morbidity and mortality is primarily due to cardiovascular complications [17,18,19].”
From Recent Experimental Studies of Maternal Obesity, Diabetes during Pregnancy and the Developmental Origins of Cardiovascular Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
Diabetes was associated with substantially higher risks for heart failure and hypertensive heart disease.
“Diabetes was associated with substantially higher risks for heart failure and hypertensive heart disease.69,70”
From The Framingham Heart Study and the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: a historical perspective (2014) · cites this paper as [69]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Collaborators, C. T. T. (. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60104-x · Cited by 2,081 · see citing works
Turner, R. C., Millns, H., Neil, H. A. W., Stratton, I. M., Manley, S. E., Matthews, D. R., & Holman, R. R. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7134.823 · Cited by 2,014 · see citing works
Bailey, C. J., & Turner, R. C. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199602293340906 · Cited by 1,726 · see citing works
The Framingham Heart Study and the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: a historical perspective
Mahmood, S. S., Levy, D., Vasan, R. S., & Wang, T. J. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61752-3 · Cited by 1,622 · see citing works
Kinaan, M., Ding, H., & Triggle, C. R. (2015) · Medical Principles and Practice · doi:10.1159/000381643 · Cited by 1,515 · see citing works
Diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors: the Framingham study
Kannel, W. B., & McGee, D. L. (1979) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.59.1.8 · Cited by 1,317 · see citing works
Renders, C. M., Valk, G. D., Griffin, S. J., Wagner, E. H., Eijk van, J. T., & Assendelft, W. J. J. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.10.1821 · Cited by 1,066 · see citing works
Buchwald, H., Varco, R. L., Matts, J. P., Long, J. M., Fitch, L. L., Campbell, G. S., Pearce, M. B., Yellin, A. E., Edmiston, W. A., Smink, R. D., et al. (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199010043231404 · Cited by 1,001 · see citing works
Rosiglitazone Evaluated for Cardiovascular Outcomes — An Interim Analysis
Home, P. D., Pocock, S. J., Beck-Nielsen, H., Gomis, R., Hanefeld, M., Jones, N. P., Komajda, M., & McMurray, J. J. V. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa073394 · Cited by 761 · see citing works
Mortality from heart disease in a cohort of 23,000 patients with insulin-treated diabetes
Laing, S. P., Swerdlow, A. J., Slater, S. D., Burden, A. C., Morris, A., Waugh, N. R., Gatling, W., Bingley, P. J., & Patterson, C. C. (2003) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-003-1116-6 · Cited by 724 · see citing works
Diabetes and mortality following acute coronary syndromes
Donahoe, S. M., Stewart, G. C., McCabe, C. H., Mohanavelu, S., Murphy, S. A., Cannon, C. P., & Antman, E. M. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.7.765 · Cited by 716 · see citing works
Plasma triglyceride and coronary heart disease
Austin, M. A. (1991) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis: A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.11.1.2 · Cited by 697 · see citing works
Impact of Diabetes on Mortality After the First Myocardial Infarction
Miettinen, H., Lehto, S., Salomaa, V., Mähönen, M., Niemelä, M., Haffner, S. M., Pyörälä, K., Tuomilehto, J., & The FINMONICA Myocardial Infarction Register Study Group (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.1.69 · Cited by 665 · see citing works
Investigators, T. B. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.6.1761 · Cited by 619 · see citing works
Grundy, S. M., Balady, G. J., Criqui, M. H., Fletcher, G., Greenland, P., Hiratzka, L. F., Houston-Miller, N., Kris-Etherton, P., Krumholz, H. M., LaRosa, J., et al. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.18.1876 · Cited by 609 · see citing works
Yan, S. F., Ramasamy, R., Naka, Y., & Schmidt, A. M. (2003) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.0000103862.26506.3d · Cited by 513 · see citing works
Wilcox, R., Bousser, M.-G., Betteridge, D. J., Schernthaner, G., Pirags, V., Kupfer, S., & Dormandy, J. (2007) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000257974.06317.49 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
Role of Hyperglycemia in Nitrotyrosine Postprandial Generation
Ceriello, A., Quagliaro, L., Catone, B., Pascon, R., Piazzola, M., Bais, B., Marra, G., Tonutti, L., Taboga, C., & Motz, E. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.8.1439 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
NESTO, R. W., PHILLIPS, R. T., KETT, K. G., HILL, T., PERPER, E., YOUNG, E., & LELAND, O. S. (1988) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-108-2-170 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Ectopic and Visceral Fat Deposition in Lean and Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Levelt, E., Pavlides, M., Banerjee, R., Mahmod, M., Kelly, C., Sellwood, J., Ariga, R., Thomas, S., Francis, J., Rodgers, C., et al. (2016) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.597 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Niskanen, L., Hedner, T., Hansson, L., Lanke, J., Niklason, A., & for the CAPPP study group (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.12.2091 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Nagi, D. K., Hendra, T. J., Ryle, A. J., Cooper, T. M., Temple, R. C., Clark, P. M. S., Schneider, A. E., Hales, C. N., & Yudkin, J. S. (1990) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00404140 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Uusitupa, M., Siitonen, O., Aro, A., & Py�r�l�, K. (1985) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00276995 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Effect of pravastatin in people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Tonelli, M., Keech, A., Shepherd, J., Sacks, F., Tonkin, A., Packard, C., Pfeffer, M., Simes, J., Isles, C., Furberg, C., et al. (2005) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2005070779 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Association of vagal tone with serum insulin, glucose, and diabetes mellitus — The ARIC Study
Liao, D., Cai, J., Brancati, F. L., Folsom, A., Barnes, R. W., Tyroler, H. A., & Heiss, G. (1995) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/0168-8227(95)01190-0 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Östergren, J., Poulter, N. R., Sever, P. S., Dahlöf, B., Wedel, H., Beevers, G., Caulfield, M., Collins, R., Kjeldsen, S. E., Kristinsson, A., et al. (2008) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e328310e0d9 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Myocardial infarction and heart failure in the <i>db/db</i> diabetic mouse
Greer, J. J. M., Ware, D. P., & Lefer, D. J. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00583.2005 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Hydrolase activities in the rat aorta. I. Effects of diabetes mellitus and insulin treatment
Wolinsky, H., Goldfischer, S., Capron, L., Capron, F., Coltoff-Schiller, B., & Kasak, L. (1978) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.42.6.821 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Role of diabetes in heart rhythm disorders
Koektuerk, B., Aksoy, M., Horlitz, M., Bozdag-Turan, I., & Turan, R. G. (2016) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v7.i3.45 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Kereliuk, S. M., & Dolinsky, V. W. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23084467 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
STANDARD CARDIAC REHABILITATION IS LESS EFFECTIVE FOR DIABETICS
Suresh, V, Harrison, R., Houghton, P., & Naqvi, N. (2001) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2001.tb11088.x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
- Authors
- Garcia, M. J., McNamara, P. M., Gordon, T., & Kannell, W. B.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 1974-02-01
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 105-111
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- OpenAlex
- W2128300830
- Cited by
- 1,608
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 18.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular morbidity, cardiovascular mortality, coronary artery disease, women, serum lipids, hypertension, obesity, risk factors, Framingham Heart Study, long-term follow-up
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Body Weight, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Cholesterol, Coronary Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Diet, Diabetic, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Glycosuria, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Intermittent Claudication, Lipoproteins, VLDL, Male, Massachusetts, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Diabetes Complications
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
