Continuous glucose monitoring: a review of recent studies demonstrating improved glycemic outcomes

Rodbard, David

doi:10.1089/dia.2017.0035

Cited by 458Diabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes Treatment and ManagementDiabetes Management and Education

Continuous glucose monitoring: a review of recent studies demonstrating improved glycemic outcomes

Open access

Rodbard, David·2017·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics

DOI 10.1089/dia.2017.0035PMC PMC5467105

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) has been demonstrated to be clinically valuable, reducing risks of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, glycemic variability (GV), and improving patient quality of life for a wide range of patient populations and clinical indications. Use of CGM can help reduce HbA1c and mean glucose. One CGM device, with accuracy (%MARD) of approximately 10%, has recently been approved for self-adjustment of insulin dosages (nonadjuvant use) and approved for reimbursement for therapeutic use in the United States. CGM had previously been used off-label for that purpose. CGM has been demonstrated to be clinically useful in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes for patients receiving a wide variety of treatment regimens. CGM is beneficial for people using either multiple daily injections (MDI) or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). CGM is used both in retrospective (professional, masked) and real-time (personal, unmasked) modes: both approaches can be beneficial. When CGM is used to suspend insulin infusion when hypoglycemia is detected until glucose returns to a safe level (low-glucose suspend), there are benefits beyond sensor-augmented pump (SAP), with greater reduction in the risk of hypoglycemia. Predictive low-glucose suspend provides greater benefits in this regard. Closed-loop control with insulin provides further improvement in quality of glycemic control. A hybrid closed-loop system has recently been approved by the U.S. FDA. Closed-loop control using both insulin and glucagon can reduce risk of hypoglycemia even more. CGM facilitates rigorous evaluation of new forms of therapy, characterizing pharmacodynamics, assessing frequency and severity of hypo- and hyperglycemia, and characterizing several aspects of GV.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1089/dia.2017.0035

Cites

131 of 131 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Continuous glucose monitoring sensors have been shown to decrease glycemic variability.
“decrease GV.”
From Glycemic variability and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (2021) · cites this paper as [55]
Continuous glucose monitoring sensors have been shown to improve glycemic control.
“CGM sensors have been shown to improve glycemic control”
From Glycemic variability and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (2021) · cites this paper as [55]
Continuous glucose monitoring sensors have been shown to reduce hypoglycemia incidence.
“reduce hypoglycemia incidence”
From Glycemic variability and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (2021) · cites this paper as [55]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Part of this paper’s reference list could not be split into single entries.

Continuous glucose monitoring and intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes
(2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0805017 · Cited by 1,559 · see citing works
Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Glycemic Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using Insulin Injections: The DIAMOND Randomized Clinical Trial
Beck, R. W., Riddlesworth, T., Ruedy, K., Ahmann, A., Bergenstal, R., Haller, S., Kollman, C., Kruger, D., McGill, J. B., Polonsky, W., et al. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.19975 · Cited by 1,185 · see citing works
Novel glucose-sensing technology and hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes: a multicentre, non-masked, randomised controlled trial
Bolinder, J., Antuna, R., Geelhoed-Duijvestijn, P., Kröger, J., & Weitgasser, R. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31535-5 · Cited by 893 · cited 7× · see citing works
“S5 of Bolinder et al. 42 ) and participants were aware of reduced hypoglycemia.”
Influential
Continuous Glucose Monitoring vs Conventional Therapy for Glycemic Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Multiple Daily Insulin Injections: The GOLD Randomized Clinical Trial
Lind, M., Polonsky, W., Hirsch, I. B., Heise, T., Bolinder, J., Dahlqvist, S., Schwarz, E., Ólafsdóttir, A. F., Frid, A., Wedel, H., et al. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.19976 · Cited by 705 · see citing works
The Performance and Usability of a Factory-Calibrated Flash Glucose Monitoring System
Bailey, T., Bode, B. W., Christiansen, M. P., Klaff, L. J., & Alva, S. (2015) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2014.0378 · Cited by 685 · see citing works
Threshold-based insulin-pump interruption for reduction of hypoglycemia
Bergenstal, R. M., Klonoff, D. C., Garg, S. K., Bode, B. W., Meredith, M., Slover, R. H., Ahmann, A. J., Welsh, J. B., Lee, S. W., & Kaufman, F. R. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1303576 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Safety of a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system in patients with type 1 diabetes
Bergenstal, R. M., Garg, S., Weinzimer, S. A., Buckingham, B. A., Bode, B. W., Tamborlane, W. V., & Kaufman, F. R. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.11708 · Cited by 644 · see citing works
Flash glucose-sensing technology as a replacement for blood glucose monitoring for the management of insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a multicenter, open-label randomized controlled trial
Haak, T., Hanaire, H., Ajjan, R., Hermanns, N., Riveline, J.-P., & Rayman, G. (2017) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-016-0223-6 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Outpatient Glycemic Control with a Bionic Pancreas in Type 1 Diabetes
Russell, S. J., El-Khatib, F. H., Sinha, M., Magyar, K. L., McKeon, K., Goergen, L. G., BALLIRO, C. A., HILLARD, M. A., Nathan, D. M., & Damiano, E. R. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1314474 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
Glucose outcomes with the in-home use of a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system in adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes
Garg, S. K., Weinzimer, S. A., Tamborlane, W. V., Buckingham, B. A., Bode, B. W., Bailey, T. S., Brazg, R. L., Ilany, J., Slover, R. H., Anderson, S. M., et al. (2017) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2016.0421 · Cited by 585 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Results of this study were presented in greater detail by Garg et al.(113) Results are consistent with those from 12 studies discussed above.”
Feasibility of Automating Insulin Delivery for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes
Steil, G. M., Rebrin, K., Darwin, C. H., Hariri, F., & Saad, M. F. (2006) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-0419 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2017 : Summary of Revisions
(2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc17-s003 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
A Bihormonal Closed-Loop Artificial Pancreas for Type 1 Diabetes
El-Khatib, F. H., Russell, S. J., Nathan, D. M., Sutherlin, R. G., & Damiano, E. R. (2010) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3000619 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Continuous glucose monitoring for patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IN CONTROL): a randomised, open-label, crossover trial
van Beers, C. A. J., DeVries, J. H., Kleijer, S. J., Smits, M. M., Geelhoed-Duijvestijn, P. H., Kramer, M. H. H., Diamant, M., Snoek, F. J., & Serné, E. H. (2016) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30193-0 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
An Artificial Endocrine Pancreas
Albisser, A. M., Leibel, B. S., Ewart, T. G., Davidovac, Z., Botz, C. K., & Zingg, W. (1974) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.23.5.389 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Normal Reference Range for Mean Tissue Glucose and Glycemic Variability Derived from Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Subjects Without Diabetes in Different Ethnic Groups
Hill, N. R., Oliver, N. S., Choudhary, P., Lévy, J., Hindmarsh, P. C., & Matthews, D. R. (2011) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0247 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Assessment and monitoring of glycemic control in children and adolescents with diabetes
Rewers, M. J., Pillay, K., de Beaufort, C., Craig, M. E., Hanas, R., Acerini, C. L., & Maahs, D. M. (2014) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12190 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in a Clinical Care Environment
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-1502 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
National Estimates of Insulin-Related Hypoglycemia and Errors Leading to Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations
Geller, A. I., Shehab, N., Lovegrove, M. C., Kegler, S. R., Weidenbach, K. N., Ryan, G. J., & Budnitz, D. S. (2014) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.136 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Recommendations for standardizing glucose reporting and analysis to optimize clinical decision making in diabetes: the Ambulatory Glucose Profile (AGP)
Bergenstal, R. M., Ahmann, A. J., Bailey, T., Beck, R. W., Bissen, J., Buckingham, B., Deeb, L., Dolin, R. H., Garg, S. K., Goland, R., et al. (2013) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2013.0051 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery during Pregnancy in Women with Type 1 Diabetes
Stewart, Z. A., Wilinska, M. E., Hartnell, S., Temple, R. C., Rayman, G., Stanley, K. P., Simmons, D., Law, G. R., Scott, E. M., Hovorka, R., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1602494 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Clinical Control of Diabetes by the Artificial Pancreas
Albisser, A. M., LEIBEL, B. S., Ewart, T. G., Davidovac, Z., Botz, C. K., Zingg, W., Schipper, H., & Gander, R. (1974) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.23.5.397 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Continuous glucose monitoring systems for type 1 diabetes mellitus
Langendam, M., Luijf, Y. M., Hooft, L., DeVries, J. H., Mudde, A. H., & Scholten, R. J. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008101.pub2 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Home use of a bihormonal bionic pancreas versus insulin pump therapy in adults with type 1 diabetes: a multicentre randomised crossover trial
El-Khatib, F. H., BALLIRO, C. A., HILLARD, M. A., Magyar, K. L., Ekhlaspour, L., Sinha, M., Mondesir, D., Esmaeili, A., Hartigan, C., Thompson, M., et al. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)32567-3 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Diabetes technology-continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy and continuous glucose monitoring in adults: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline
Peters, A. L., Ahmann, A. J., Battelino, T., Evert, A., Hirsch, I. B., Murad, M. H., Winter, W. E., & Wolpert, H. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2016-2534 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Recovery of hypoglycemia awareness in long-standing type 1 diabetes: A multicenter 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial comparing insulin pump with multiple daily injections and continuous with conventional glucose self-monitoring (HypoCOMPaSS)
Little, S. A., Leelarathna, L., Walkinshaw, E., Tan, H. K., Chapple, O., Lubina-Solomon, A., Chadwick, T. J., Barendse, S., Stocken, D. D., Brennand, C., et al. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-0030 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Assessing Sensor Accuracy for Non-Adjunct Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Kovatchev, B. P., Patek, S. D., Ortiz, E. A., & Breton, M. D. (2015) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2014.0272 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Novel Use of Glucagon in a Closed-Loop System for Prevention of Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes
Castle, J. R., Engle, J. M., Youssef, J. E., Massoud, R. G., Yuen, K. C. J., Kagan, R., & Ward, W. K. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-2254 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
The Effect of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pregnant Women With Diabetes
Secher, A. L., Ringholm, L., Andersen, H. U., Damm, P., & Mathiesen, E. R. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-2360 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Continuous glucose monitoring: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Klonoff, D. C., Buckingham, B., Christiansen, J. S., Montori, V. M., Tamborlane, W. V., Vigersky, R. A., & Wolpert, H. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2756 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Outcome measures for artificial pancreas clinical trials: a consensus report
Maahs, D. M., Buckingham, B. A., Castle, J. R., Cinar, A., Damiano, E. R., Dassau, E., DeVries, J. H., Doyle, F. J., Griffen, S. C., Haidar, A., et al. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-2716 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Coming of age: the artificial pancreas for type 1 diabetes
Thabit, H., & Hovorka, R. (2016) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-016-4022-4 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Dietary Fat Acutely Increases Glucose Concentrations and Insulin Requirements in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Wolpert, H. A., Atakov-Castillo, A., Smith, S. A., & Steil, G. M. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-0092 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Frequent Hypoglycemia Among Elderly Patients With Poor Glycemic Control
Munshi, M. N. (2011) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2010.539 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Continuous glucose monitoring: a consensus conference of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology
Fonseca, V. A., Grunberger, G., Anhalt, H., Bailey, T. S., Blevins, T., Garg, S. K., Handelsman, Y., Hirsch, I. B., Orzeck, E. A., Roberts, V. L., et al. (2016) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep161392.cs · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Continuous Subcutaneous Glucose Monitoring in Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Chase, H. P., Kim, L. M., Owen, S. L., MacKenzie, T. A., KLINGENSMITH, G. J., Murtfeldt, R., & Garg, S. K. (2001) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.107.2.222 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Characterizing Glucose Exposure for Individuals with Normal Glucose Tolerance Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Ambulatory Glucose Profile Analysis
Mazze, R. S., Strock, E. S., Wesley, D., Borgman, S. K., Morgan, B., Bergenstal, R. M., & Cuddihy, R. M. (2008) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2007.0293 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Real-world use of open source artificial Pancreas systems
Lewis, D., Leibrand, S., & Community, #. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296816665635 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on glucose control in diabetes
Poolsup, N., Suksomboon, N., & Kyaw, A. M. (2013) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/1758-5996-5-39 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Accuracy and Longevity of an Implantable Continuous Glucose Sensor in the PRECISE Study: A 180-Day, Prospective, Multicenter, Pivotal Trial
Kropff, J., Choudhary, P., Neupane, S., Barnard-Kelly, K. D., Bain, S. C., Kapitza, C., Forst, T. M., Link, M., DEHENNIS, A. D., & DeVries, J. H. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-1525 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Day-and-night glycaemic control with closed-loop insulin delivery versus conventional insulin pump therapy in free-living adults with well controlled type 1 diabetes: an open-label, randomised, crossover study
Bally, L., Thabit, H., Kojzar, H., Mader, J. K., Qerimi-Hyseni, J., Hartnell, S., Tauschmann, M., Allen, J. M., Wilinska, M. E., Pieber, T. R., et al. (2017) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30001-3 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Ambulatory Glucose Profile: Representation of Verified Self-Monitored Blood Glucose Data
Mazze, R. S., Lucido, D., Langer, O., Hartmann, K., & Rodbard, D. (1987) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.10.1.111 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citation
Closed-loop insulin delivery in inpatients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, parallel-group trial
Thabit, H., Hartnell, S., Allen, J. M., Lake, A., Wilinska, M. E., Ruan, Y., Evans, M. L., Coll, A. P., & Hovorka, R. (2016) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30280-7 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Feasibility of Long-Term Closed-Loop Control: A Multicenter 6-Month Trial of 24/7 Automated Insulin Delivery
Kovatchev, B., Cheng, P., Anderson, S. M., Pinsker, J. E., Boscari, F., Buckingham, B. A., Doyle, F. J., Hood, K. K., Brown, S. A., Breton, M. D., et al. (2017) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2016.0333 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
A Comparative Effectiveness Analysis of Three Continuous Glucose Monitors
Damiano, E. R., McKeon, K., El-Khatib, F. H., Zheng, H., Nathan, D. M., & Russell, S. J. (2014) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296814532203 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Predictive Low-Glucose Insulin Suspension Reduces Duration of Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in Children Without Increasing Ketosis
Buckingham, B. A., Raghinaru, D., Cameron, F., Bequette, B. W., Chase, H. P., Maahs, D. M., Slover, R. H., Wadwa, R. P., Wilson, D. M., Ly, T. T., et al. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-3053 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Glucose variability in a 26-week randomized comparison of mealtime treatment with rapid-acting insulin versus GLP-1 agonist in participants with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk
The FLAT-SUGAR Trial Investigators (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-2782 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Optimal sampling intervals to assess long-term glycemic control using continuous glucose monitoring
Xing, D., Kollman, C., Beck, R. W., Tamborlane, W. V., Laffel, L., Buckingham, B. A., Wilson, D. M., Weinzimer, S., Fiallo-Scharer, R., & Ruedy for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuo, K. J. (2011) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0156 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes - More Common Than You Think
Gehlaut, R. R., Dogbey, G. Y., Schwartz, F., Marling, C. R., & Shubrook, J. H. (2015) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296815581052 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Day-and-Night Hybrid Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: A Free-Living, Randomized Clinical Trial
Tauschmann, M., Allen, J. M., Wilinska, M. E., Thabit, H., Stewart, Z., Cheng, P., Kollman, C., Acerini, C. L., Dunger, D. B., & Hovorka, R. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-2078 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Analysis of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pregnant Women With Diabetes: Distinct Temporal Patterns of Glucose Associated With Large-for-Gestational-Age Infants
Law, G. R., Ellison, G. T. H., Secher, A. L., Damm, P., Mathiesen, E. R., Temple, R., Murphy, H. R., & SCOTT, E. M. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-0070 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Can We Really Close the Loop and How Soon? Accelerating the Availability of an Artificial Pancreas: A Roadmap to Better Diabetes Outcomes
Kowalski, A. J. (2009) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2009.0031 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Comparison of Insulin Glargine 300 Units/mL and 100 Units/mL in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Continuous Glucose Monitoring Profiles and Variability Using Morning or Evening Injections
Bergenstal, R. M., Bailey, T. S., Rodbard, D., Ziemen, M., Guo, H., Muehlen-Bartmer, I., & Ahmann, A. (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-0684 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citation
Recommendations for Using Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring (rtCGM) Data for Insulin Adjustments in Type 1 Diabetes
Pettus, J., & Edelman, S. V. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296816663747 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Evaluating the Accuracy, Reliability, and Clinical Applicability of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM): Is CGM Ready for Real Time?
Mazze, R. S., Strock, E. S., Borgman, S. K., Wesley, D., Stout, P. J., & Racchini, J. R. (2009) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2008.0041 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Role of continuous glucose monitoring for type 2 in diabetes management and research
Vigersky, R. A., & Shrivastav, M. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.10.007 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
A Comparative Effectiveness Analysis of Three Continuous Glucose Monitors
Damiano, E. R., El-Khatib, F. H., Zheng, H., Nathan, D. M., & Russell, S. J. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-0070 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Day-and-Night Closed-Loop Glucose Control in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Under Free-Living Conditions: Results of a Single-Arm 1-Month Experience Compared With a Previously Reported Feasibility Study of Evening and Night at Home
Renard, E., Farret, A., Kropff, J., Bruttomesso, D., Messori, M., Place, J., Visentin, R., Calore, R., Toffanin, C., Di Palma, F., et al. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-0008 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Continuous glucose monitoring for the evaluation and improved control of gestational diabetes mellitus
Chen, R., Yogev, Y., Ben-Haroush, A., Jovanovic, L., Hod, M., & Phillip, M. (2003) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/jmf.14.4.256.260 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Accuracy and Acceptability of the 6-Day Enlite Continuous Subcutaneous Glucose Sensor
Bailey, T. S., Ahmann, A., Brazg, R., Christiansen, M. P., Garg, S. K., Watkins, E., Welsh, J. B., & Lee, S. W. (2014) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2013.0222 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Adaptive closed-loop control provides blood-glucose regulation using dual subcutaneous insulin and glucagon infusion in diabetic swine
El-Khatib, F. H., Jiang, J., & Damiano, E. R. (2007) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229680700100208 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Head-to-head comparison between flash and continuous glucose monitoring systems in outpatients with type 1 diabetes
Bonora, B. M., Maran, A., Ciciliot, S., Avogaro, A., & Fadini, G. P. (2016) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-016-0495-8 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
The incidence and costs of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Quilliam, B. J., Simeone, J. C., Ozbay, A. B., & Kogut, S. J. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 94 · see citing works
The Effect of Canagliflozin, a Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor, on Glycemic End Points Assessed by Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Patient-Reported Outcomes Among People With Type 1 Diabetes
Rodbard, H. W., Peters, A. L., Slee, A., Cao, A., Traina, S. B., & Alba, M. (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-1353 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Glycemia, Treatment Satisfaction, Cognition, and Sleep Quality in Adults and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes When Using a Closed-Loop System Overnight Versus Sensor-Augmented Pump with Low-Glucose Suspend Function: A Randomized Crossover Study
Sharifi, A., de Bock, M. I., Jayawardene, D., Loh, M., Horsburgh, J. C., Berthold, C. L., Paramalingam, N., Bach, L. A., Colman, P. G., Davis, E. A., et al. (2016) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2016.0288 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Evaluation of a Subcutaneous Glucose Sensor out to 3 Months in a Dog Model
GILLIGAN, B. J., Shults, M. C., Rhodes, R. K., & Updike, S. J. (1994) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.17.8.882 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Multicenter outpatient dinner/overnight reduction of hypoglycemia and increased time of glucose in target with a wearable artificial pancreas using modular model predictive control in adults with type 1 diabetes
Favero, S. D., Place, J., Kropff, J., Messori, M., Keith-Hynes, P., VISENTIN, R., Monaro, M., Galasso, S., Boscari, F., Toffanin, C., et al. (2015) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12440 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Hypo- and Hyperglycemia in Relation to the Mean, Standard Deviation, Coefficient of Variation, and Nature of the Glucose Distribution
Rodbard, D. (2012) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2012.0062 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citation
Usage and Effectiveness of the Low Glucose Suspend Feature of the Medtronic Paradigm Veo Insulin Pump
Agrawal, P. K., Welsh, J. B., Kannard, B., Askari, S., Yang, Q., & KAUFMAN, F. R. (2011) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229681100500514 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Improved Accuracy of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems in Pediatric Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Results from Two Studies
Laffel, L. M. (2016) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2015.0380 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Closed-Loop Glycemic Control with a Wearable Artificial Endocrine Pancreas Variations in Daily Insulin Requirements to Glycemic Response
Shichiri, M., Kawamori, R., Hakui, N., Yamasaki, Y., & Abe, H. (1984) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.33.12.1200 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
A Clinical Trial of the Accuracy and Treatment Experience of the Dexcom G4 Sensor (Dexcom G4 System) and Enlite Sensor (Guardian REAL-Time System) Tested Simultaneously in Ambulatory Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
Matuleviciene, V., Joseph, J. I., Andelin, M., Hirsch, I. B., Attvall, S., Pivodic, A., Dahlqvist, S., Klonoff, D. C., Haraldsson, B. S., & Lind, M. (2014) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2014.0238 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Measures of Glycemic Variability in Type 1 Diabetes and the Effect of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring
El-Laboudi, A. H., Godsland, I. F., Johnston, D. G., & Oliver, N. S. (2016) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2016.0146 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
The Cost-Effectiveness of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring (RT-CGM) in Type 2 Diabetes
Fonda, S. J., Graham, C., Munakata, J., Powers, J. M., Price, D., & Vigersky, R. A. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296816628547 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Glucose Control in the ICU
Preiser, J., Chase, J. G., Hovorka, R., Joseph, J. I., Krinsley, J. S., Block, C. E. M. D., Desaive, T., Foubert, L. A., Kalfon, P., Pielmeier, U., et al. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296816648713 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Home Use of Day-and-Night Hybrid Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery in Suboptimally Controlled Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: A 3-Week, Free-Living, Randomized Crossover Trial
Tauschmann, M., Allen, J. M., Wilinska, M. E., Thabit, H., Acerini, C. L., Dunger, D. B., & Hovorka, R. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-1094 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
A Patient-Designed Do-It-Yourself Mobile Technology System for Diabetes
Lee, J. M., Hirschfeld, E., & Wedding, J. P. E. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.1903 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Evidence and Consensus Statement for Clinical Use
Liebl, A., Henrichs, H. R., Heinemann, L., Freckmann, G., Biermann, E., & Thomas, A. (2013) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229681300700227 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 1 diabetes using insulin injections
Foster, N. C., Miller, K. M., Tamborlane, W. V., Bergenstal, R. M., & Beck, R. W. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-0207 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Faster-Acting Insulin Aspart versus Insulin Aspart Across a Clinically Relevant Dose Range in Subjects with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Heise, T., Stender-Petersen, K. L., Hövelmann, U., Jacobsen, J. B., Nosek, L., Zijlstra, E., & Haahr, H. L. (2016) · Clinical Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.1007/s40262-016-0473-5 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Personal Computer Programs to Assist with Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose and Self-Adjustment of Insulin Dosage
Pernick, N. L., & Rodbard, D. (1986) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.9.1.61 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citation
Comparison of Two Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems, Dexcom G4 Platinum and Medtronic Paradigm Veo Enlite System, at Rest and During Exercise
Taleb, N., Emami, A., Suppère, C., Messier, V., Legault, L., Chiasson, J., RABASA-LHORET, R. P. R., & Haidar, A. (2016) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2015.0394 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Global Reimbursement: An Update
Graham, C. (2017) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2017.0096 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Measuring glucose exposure and variability using continuous glucose monitoring in normal and abnormal glucose metabolism in pregnancy
Mazze, R., Yogev, Y., & Langer, O. (2012) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.3109/14767058.2012.670413 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Use in Type 1 Diabetes: Longitudinal Analysis Demonstrates Meaningful Improvements in HbA1c and Reductions in Health Care Utilization
Parkin, C. G., Graham, C., & Smolskis, J. M. (2017) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296817693253 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
The psychosocial and financial impact of non-severe hypoglycemic events on people with diabetes: two international surveys
Fulcher, G. R., Singer, J., Limones, R. C., Filho, F. F., MAFFEI, L. E., Snyman, J. S., & Brod, M. I. (2014) · Journal of Medical Economics · doi:10.3111/13696998.2014.946992 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Efficacy of dual-hormone artificial pancreas to alleviate the carbohydrate-counting burden of type 1 diabetes: A randomized crossover trial
Gingras, V., RABASA-LHORET, R. P. R., Messier, V., Ladouceur, M., Legault, L., & Haidar, A. (2015) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2015.05.001 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Understanding the Economic Burden of Nonsevere Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Events: Impact on Work Productivity, Disease Management, and Resource Utilization
Brod, M. I., Wolden, M. L., Christensen, T., & Bushnell, D. M. (2013) · Value in Health · doi:10.1016/j.jval.2013.09.002 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Automated hybrid closed-loop control with a proportional-integral-derivative based system in adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes: individualizing settings for optimal performance
Ly, T. T., WEINZIMER, S. A., Maahs, D. M., Sherr, J. L., Roy, A., Grosman, B., Cantwell, M., Kurtz, N., CARRIA, L. R., Messer, L. H., et al. (2016) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12399 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Hypoglycemia Reduction and Changes in Hemoglobin A1c in the ASPIRE In-Home Study
Weiss, R., Garg, S. K., Bode, B. W., Bailey, T. S., Ahmann, A., Schultz, K. A., Welsh, J. B., Shin, J., & for the ASPIRE In-Home Study Group (2015) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2014.0306 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Glycemic Variability in Nondiabetic Morbidly Obese Persons
Salkind, S. J., Huizenga, R., Fonda, S. J., Walker, M. S., & Vigersky, R. A. (2014) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296814537039 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Evaluation of Glycemic Variability in Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Chon, S., Lee, Y. J., Fraterrigo, G., Pozzilli, P., Choi, M. C., Kwon, M., Chin, S. O., Rhee, S. Y., Oh, S., Kim, Y.-S., et al. (2013) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2012.0315 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Q-Score: development of a new metric for continuous glucose monitoring that enables stratification of antihyperglycaemic therapies
Augstein, P., Heinke, P., Vogt, L., Vogt, R., Rackow, C., Kohnert, K., & Salzsieder, E. (2015) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-015-0019-0 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Regulation Catches Up to Reality: Nonadjunctive Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data
Edelman, S. V. (2017) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296816667749 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
CONCEPTT: Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Women with Type 1 Diabetes in Pregnancy Trial: A multi-center, multi-national, randomized controlled trial - Study protocol
on behalf of the CONCEPTT Collaborative Group, Feig, D. S., Asztalos, E. V., Corcoy, R., de Leiva, A., Donovan, L., Hod, M., Jovanovič, L., Keely, E., Kollman, C., et al. (2016) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-016-0961-5 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Hybrid Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery in Type 1 Diabetes During Supervised Outpatient Conditions
Grosman, B., Ilany, J., Roy, A., Kurtz, N., Wu, D., Parikh, N., Voskanyan, G. R., Konvalina, N., Mylonas, C., Gottlieb, R., et al. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296816631568 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Evaluation of the Mean Absolute Glucose Change as a Measure of Glycemic Variability Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data
Kohnert, K., Heinke, P., Fritzsche, G., Vogt, L., Augstein, P., & Salzsieder, E. (2013) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2012.0303 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist dulaglutide in combination with prandial insulin lispro: an AWARD ‐4 substudy
JENDLE, J. H., Testa, M. A., Martin, S., Jiang, H. H., & Miličević, Z. (2016) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12705 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
A New Index to Optimally Design and Compare Continuous Glucose Monitoring Glucose Prediction Algorithms
Facchinetti, A., Sparacino, G., Trifoglio, E., & Cobelli, C. (2011) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0151 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Evaluating Quality of Glycemic Control
Rodbard, D. (2014) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296814551046 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citation
Healthcare resource use, direct and indirect costs of hypoglycemia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and nationwide projections. Results of the HYPOS-1 study
Giorda, C. B., Rossi, M. C., Ozzello, O., Gentile, S., Aglialoro, A., Chiambretti, A., Baccetti, F., Gentile, F. M., Romeo, F., Lucisano, G., et al. (2016) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2016.10.005 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
MD‐Logic overnight type 1 diabetes control in home settings: A multicentre, multinational, single blind randomized trial
Nimri, R., Bratina, N., Kordonouri, O., Stefanija, M. A., Fath, M., Biester, T., Muller, I., Atlas, E., Miller, S., Fogel, A., et al. (2016) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12852 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Retrospective Analysis of the Real-World Use of the Threshold Suspend Feature of Sensor-Augmented Insulin Pumps
Agrawal, P. K., Zhong, A., Welsh, J. B., Shah, R. V., & KAUFMAN, F. R. (2015) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2014.0257 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Glycemic variability in gestational diabetes mellitus and its association with β cell function
Su, J., Wang, X., Chen, J., Wu, G., Jin, Y., Xu, F., Wang, X., & Liu, Y.-T. (2012) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-012-9753-5 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Abnormal Glycemic Profiles by CGMS in Obese First-Degree Relatives of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Madhu, S. V., Muduli, S. K., & Avasthi, R. (2013) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2012.0333 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Efficacy of an Overnight Predictive Low-Glucose Suspend System in Relation to Hypoglycemia Risk Factors in Youth and Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Calhoun, P. M., Buckingham, B. A., Maahs, D. M., et al. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296816645119 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Accuracy of Continuous Glucose Monitoring During Three Closed-Loop Home Studies Under Free-Living Conditions
Thabit, H., Leelarathna, L., Wilinska, M. E., Elleri, D., Allen, J. M., Lubina-Solomon, A., Walkinshaw, E., Stadler, M., Choudhary, P., Mader, J. K., et al. (2015) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2015.0062 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Safe Glycemic Management during Closed-Loop Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes: The Role of Glucagon, Use of Multiple Sensors, and Compensation for Stress Hyperglycemia
Ward, W. K., Castle, J. R., & Youssef, J. E. (2011) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229681100500608 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Mitigating Reductions in Glucose During Exercise on Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery: The Ex-Snacks Study
Patel, N. S., Name, M. A. V., Cengiz, E., CARRIA, L. R., TICHY, E. M., Weyman, K., WEINZIMER, S. A., Tamborlane, W. V., & Sherr, J. L. (2016) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2016.0311 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Round Table Discussion on Inpatient Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring at the International Hospital Diabetes Meeting
Wallia, A., Umpierrez, G. E., Nasraway, S. A., Klonoff, D. C., on behalf of PRIDE Investigators, Alexanian, S. M., Cagliero, E., Cook, C. B., Draznin, B., Drincic, A., et al. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296816656380 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Design and Methods of a Randomized Trial of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Persons With Type 1 Diabetes With Impaired Glycemic Control Treated With Multiple Daily Insulin Injections (GOLD Study)
Lind, M., Polonsky, W. H., Hirsch, I. B., Heise, T., Bolinder, J., Dahlqvist, S., Pehrsson, N.-G., & Moström, P. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296816642578 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Benefits of Short-Term Professional Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Clinical Practice
Leinung, M. C., Nardacci, E., Patel, N., Bettadahalli, S., Paika, K., & Thompson, S. (2013) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2013.0027 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Role of the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System in Pediatric Patients
KAUFMAN, F. R. (2000) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/15209150050214122 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The Benefit of Subcutaneous Glucagon During Closed-Loop Glycemic Control in Rats With Type 1 Diabetes
Ward, W. K., Engle, J. M., Duman, H. M., et al. (2008) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2007.912912 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Potential role of computers in clinical investigation and management of diabetes mellitus.
Rodbard, D. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Minimum Duration of Sensor Data From Which Glycemic Variability Can Be Consistently Assessed
Neylon, O. M., Baghurst, P., & Cameron, F. (2014) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296813519011 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Response to Comment on Pinsker et al. Randomized Crossover Comparison of Personalized MPC and PID Control Algorithms for the Artificial Pancreas. Diabetes Care 2016;39:1135–1142
Pinsker, J. E., Lee, J. B., Dassau, E., et al. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci16-0038 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Understanding the economic, daily functioning, and diabetes management burden of non-severe nocturnal hypoglycemic events in Canada: differences between type 1 and type 2
Brod, M. I., Wolden, M. L., Groleau, D., & Bushnell, D. M. (2013) · Journal of Medical Economics · doi:10.3111/13696998.2013.857676 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Economic burden of hypoglycemia: Utilization of emergency department and outpatient services in the United States (2005–2009)
Zhao, Y., Shi, Q., Wang, Y., Fonseca, V. A., & Shi, L. (2016) · Journal of Medical Economics · doi:10.1080/13696998.2016.1178126 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
From Two to One Per Day Calibration of Dexcom G4 Platinum by a Time-Varying Day-Specific Bayesian Prior
Acciaroli, G., Vettoretti, M., Facchinetti, A., Sparacino, G., & Cobelli, C. (2016) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2016.0088 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Glycemic Variability in Abdominally Obese Men With Normal Glucose Tolerance as Assessed by Continuous Glucose Monitoring System
Ma, C., Yin, F., Wang, R., Qin, C., Liu, B., Lou, D., & Lü, Q. (2011) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2011.5 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Ambulatory glucose profile analysis of the juvenile diabetes research foundation continuous glucose monitoring dataset—Applications to the pediatric diabetes population
Forlenza, G. P., Pyle, L. L., Maahs, D. M., & Dunn, T. C. (2016) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12474 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Closed-Loop Control Performance of the Hypoglycemia-Hyperglycemia Minimizer (HHM) System in a Feasibility Study
Finan, D. A., McCann, T. W., Mackowiak, L., et al. (2014) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296813511730 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Standardization Versus Customization of Glucose Reporting
Rodbard, D. (2013) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2013.0116 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citation
Glucose metabolism disorder in obese children assessed by continuous glucose monitoring system
Zou, C., Liang, L., Hong, F., & Zhao, Z. (2008) · World Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12519-008-0005-y · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Increased Glycemic Variability at the Onset and During Progression of Type 2 Diabetes—Commentary
Rodbard, D. (2013) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2013.0146 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation
Development of the Likelihood of Low Glucose (LLG) Algorithm for Evaluating Risk of Hypoglycemia
Dunn, T. C., Hayter, G., Doniger, K., & Wolpert, H. A. (2014) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296814532200 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Are Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Appropriate Tools for Assessing Evolving Medical Device Technologies?
Price, D. A., Graham, C., Parkin, C. G., & Peyser, T. A. (2015) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296815607863 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Sensitivity of the Predictive Hypoglycemia Minimizer System to the Algorithm Aggressiveness Factor
Finan, D. A., Dassau, E., Breton, M. D., Patek, S. D., McCann, T. W., Kovatchev, B. P., Doyle, F. J., Levy, B. L., & Venugopalan, R. (2015) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296815593292 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Diurnal glucose exposure profiles of patients treated with lixisenatide before breakfast or the main meal of the day: An analysis using continuous glucose monitoring
Bergenstal, R. M., Strock, E. S., Mazze, R. S., Powers, M. A., Monk, A. M., Richter, S. A., Souhami, E., & Åhrén, B. (2016) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.2879 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Diurnal Glucose Profiles Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Identify the Glucose-Lowering Characteristics of Colesevelam HCL (WELCHOL)
Mazze, R. S., Strock, E. S., Monk, A. M., et al. (2013) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep12337.or · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Lewis D, Leibrand S; #OpenAPS Community: Real- World Use of Open Source Artificial Pancreas Systems. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2016;10:1411.
Weiss R, Garg SK, Bode BW, et al.: Hypoglycemia Re- duction and Changes in HemoglobinHbA1c in the ASPIRE In-Home Study. Diabetes Technol Ther 2015;17:542-547.

Sorted by citations

Glycaemic variability in diabetes: clinical and therapeutic implications
Ceriello, A., Monnier, L., & Owens, D. (2019) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(18)30136-0 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Continuous glucose monitoring sensors for diabetes management: A review of technologies and applications
Cappon, G., Vettoretti, M., Sparacino, G., & Facchinetti, A. (2019) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2019.0121 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Advances in technology for management of type 1 diabetes
Beck, R. W., Bergenstal, R. M., Laffel, L. M., & Pickup, J. C. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31142-0 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Positioning time in range in diabetes management
Advani, A. (2020) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-019-05027-0 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Comprehensive elaboration of glycemic variability in diabetic macrovascular and microvascular complications
Sun, B., Luo, Z., & Zhou, J. (2021) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-020-01200-7 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Glycemic variability and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes
Martinez, M., Santamarina, J., Pavesi, A., Musso, C., & Umpierrez, G. E. (2021) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-002032 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Efficacy of continuous glucose monitoring on maternal and neonatal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
García‐Moreno, R. M., Benítez‐Valderrama, P., Barquiel, B., González Pérez‐de‐Villar, N., Hillman, N., Lora Pablos, D., & Herranz, L. (2022) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.14703 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Continuous glucose monitoring in a healthy population: understanding the post-prandial glycemic response in individuals without diabetes mellitus
Jarvis, P. R. E., Cardin, J. L., Nisevich-Bede, P. M., & McCarter, J. P. (2023) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155640 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
The new FreeStyle libre flash glucose monitoring system improves the glycaemic control in a cohort of people with type 1 diabetes followed in real-life conditions over a period of one year
Paris, I., Henry, C., Pirard, F., Gérard, A., & Colin, I. M. (2018) · Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1002/edm2.23 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Reduction in HbA1c using professional flash glucose monitoring in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients managed in primary and secondary care settings: a pilot, multicentre, randomised controlled trial
Ajjan, R. A., Jackson, N., & Thomson, S. A. (2019) · Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research · doi:10.1177/1479164119827456 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Effect of flash glucose monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes: a nationwide, longitudinal observational study of 14,372 flash users compared with 7691 glucose sensor naive controls
Nathanson, D., Svensson, A.-M., Miftaraj, M., Franzén, S., Bolinder, J., & Eeg-Olofsson, K. (2021) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-021-05437-z · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Cutaneous reactions to continuous glucose monitoring and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion devices in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Rigo, R. S., Levin, L. E., Belsito, D. V., Garzon, M. C., Gandica, R., & Williams, K. M. (2021) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296820918894 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Hope vs hype: where are we in type 1 diabetes?
Skyler, J. S. (2018) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-017-4530-x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on flash and real-time glucose sensor users with type 1 diabetes in England
Prabhu Navis, J., Leelarathna, L., Mubita, W., Urwin, A., Rutter, M. K., Schofield, J., & Thabit, H. (2021) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-020-01614-5 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Management of glucose control in noncritically ill, hospitalized patients receiving parenteral and/or enteral nutrition: A systematic review
Laesser, C. I., Cumming, P., Reber, E., Stanga, Z., Muka, T., & Bally, L. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8070935 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The effects of professional continuous glucose monitoring as an adjuvant educational tool for improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes
Rivera-Ávila, D. A., Esquivel-Lu, A. I., Salazar-Lozano, C. R., Jones, K., & Doubova, S. V. (2021) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-021-00742-5 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Flash glucose monitoring in the Netherlands: increased monitoring frequency is associated with improvement of glycemic parameters
Lameijer, A., Lommerde, N., Dunn, T. C., Fokkert, M. J., Edens, M. A., Kao, K., Xu, Y., Gans, R. O. B., Bilo, H. J. G., & van Dijk, P. R. (2021) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108897 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The Digital Outcome Measure
Cohen, A. B., & Mathews, S. C. (2018) · Digital Biomarkers · doi:10.1159/000492396 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Trends in U.S. Insulin Use and Glucose Monitoring for People with Diabetes: 2009-2018
Perez-Nieves, M., Juneja, R., Fan, L., Meadows, E., Lage, M. J., & Eby, E. L. (2022) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968211028268 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Digital Solutions to Diagnose and Manage Postbariatric Hypoglycemia
Schönenberger, K. A., Cossu, L., Prendin, F., Cappon, G., Wu, J., Fuchs, K. L., Mayer, S., Herzig, D., Facchinetti, A., & Bally, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.855223 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Evaluation of the Long-Term Cost-Effectiveness of the Dexcom G6 Continuous Glucose Monitor versus Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in People with Type 1 Diabetes in Canada
Roze, S., Isitt, J. J., Smith-Palmer, J., & Lynch, P. (2021) · ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research · doi:10.2147/ceor.s304395 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A Prospective Multicenter Clinical Performance Evaluation of the C-CGM System
Rebec, M., Cai, K., Dutt-Ballerstadt, R., & Anderson, E. (2022) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296820964574 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Toward Detection of Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in People With Diabetes Using Consumer-Grade Smartwatches and a Machine Learning Approach
Mendez, C., Kaykayoglu, C. A., Bähler, T., Künzler, J., Lizoain, A., Rothenbühler, M., Schmidt, M. H., Laimer, M., & Witthauer, L. (2026) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968251319800 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Insulin pump therapy in children with type 1 diabetes: analysis of data from the SWEET registry
Szypowska, A., Schwandt, A., Svensson, J., Shalitin, S., Cardona‐Hernandez, R., Forsander, G., Sundberg, F., de Beaufort, C. E., Maahs, D. M., Maffeis, C., et al. (2016) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12416 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Continuous Glucose Monitor Shows Potential for Early Hypoglycemia Detection in Hospitalized Patients
Ryan, M. T., Savarese, V. W., Hipszer, B. R., Dizdarevic, I., Joseph, M., Shively, N. R., & Joseph, J. I. (2009) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2009.0071 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Accuracy of the GlucoWatch G2 Biographer and the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System During Hypoglycemia
*The Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet) Study Group (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.3.722 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
891-P: Hypoglycemia Prevention Behaviors Prevent Moderate Hypoglycemic Events: The REPLACE-BG Trial
Crawford, M. A., White, M. M., Strong, D. R., et al. (2019) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db19-891-p
Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia Continues to be a Risk Factor for Severe Hypoglycemia Despite the Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring System in Type 1 Diabetes
Lin, Y. K., Hung, M., Sharma, A. R., Chan, O. T. M., Varner, M. W., Staskus, G., & Fisher, S. J. (2019) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep-2018-0527 · Cited by 81 · see citing works

Authors: Rodbard, D.
Affiliations: Biomedical Informatics Consultants LLC
Corresponding author: Rodbard, David
ORCID: Rodbard, David
Venue: Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2017-06
Volume: 19
Issue: 3_suppl
Pages: S25-S37
ISSN: 1520-9156 (ISSN-L)
1557-8593
DOI: 10.1089/dia.2017.0035
PMC: PMC5467105
OpenAlex: W2624348061
Cited by: 458
References: 131
Citations by year: 2026: 27 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 1
FWCI: 36.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: other-oa
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
Keywords: continuous glucose monitoring, glycemic control, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, glycemic variability, HbA1c, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, sensor-augmented pump, predictive low glucose suspend, hybrid closed-loop system, multiple daily insulin injections, insulin pump therapy, quality of life
MeSH terms: Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Continuous glucose monitoring: a review of recent studies demonstrating improved glycemic outcomes

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks