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Cited by 408

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 110 of the 110 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Cytokines and fever

Open access
Conti, Bruno·2004·Frontiers in Bioscience
DOI 10.2741/1341
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Abstract

Cytokines are highly inducible, secreted proteins mediating intercellular communication in the nervous and immune system. Fever is the multiphasic response of elevation and decline of the body core temperature regulated by central thermoregulatory mechanisms localized in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. The discovery that several proinflammatory cytokines act as endogenous pyrogens and that other cytokines can act as antipyretic agents provided a link between the immune and the central nervous systems and stimulated the study of the central actions of cytokines. The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) as well as the antiinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) have been most investigated for their pyrogenic or antipyretic action. The experimental evidence demonstrating the role of these secreted proteins in modulating the fever response is as follows: 1) association between cytokine levels in serum and CSF and fever; 2) finding of the presence of cytokine receptors on various cell types in the brain and demonstration of the effects of pharmacological application of cytokines and of their neutralizing antibodies on the fever response; 3) fever studies on cytokine- and cytokine receptor- transgenic models. Studies on the peripheral and the central action of cytokines demonstrated that peripheral cytokines can communicate with the brain in several ways including stimulation of afferent neuronal pathways and induction of the synthesis of a non cytokine pyrogen, i.e. PGE2, in endothelial cells in the periphery and in the brain. Cytokines synthesized in the periphery may act by crossing the blood brain barrier and acting directly via neuronal cytokine receptors. The mechanisms that ultimately mediate the central action of cytokines and of LPS on the temperature-sensitive neurons in the preoptic hypothalamic region involved in thermoregulation, directly or via second mediators, remain to be fully elucidated.

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Metadata

Authors
Conti, B.
Venue
Frontiers in Bioscience
Publisher
IMR Press
Published
2004
Volume
9
Issue
1-3
Pages
1433
ISSN
  • 1093-4715 (ISSN-L)
  • 1093-9946
DOI
10.2741/1341
OpenAlex
W2069742985
Cited by
408
References
110
FWCI
24.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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