Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 1,328

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Teacher Recruitment and Retention: A Review of the Recent Empirical Literature

Guarino, Cassandra M., Santibañez, Lucrecia, Daley, Glenn A.·2006·Review of Educational Research
DOI 10.3102/00346543076002173
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This article critically reviews the recent empirical literature on teacher recruitment and retention published in the United States. It examines the characteristics of individuals who enter and remain in the teaching profession, the characteristics of schools and districts that successfully recruit and retain teachers, and the types of policies that show evidence of efficacy in recruiting and retaining teachers. The goal of the article is to provide researchers and policymakers with a review that is comprehensive, evaluative, and up to date. The review of the empirical studies selected for discussion is intended to serve not only as a compendium of available recent research on teacher recruitment and retention but also as a guide to the merit and importance of these studies.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3102/00346543076002173

Cites

4 of 4 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 4 references

Research works printed but not linked: 101

  1. AbernathyTForsythAMitchellJThe bridge from student to teacher: What principals, teacher education faculty, and students value in a teaching applicantTeacher Education Quarterly2001284109119
  2. 10.1080/00220973.1996.9943807 · DOI
  3. AllredWESmithRBProfile of Utah teachers leaving the teaching professionRural Educator19845325
  4. 10.1177/002248718303400105 · doi:10.1177/002248718303400105
  5. 10.1080/01626620.1995.10463255 · DOI
  6. ArnoldCChoySBobbittSModeling teacher supply and demand, with commentary1993Washington, DCNational Center for Education Statistics
  7. 10.2307/2946659 · DOI · Paper page
  8. 10.2307/146122 · DOI
  9. 10.17848/9780585282961 · DOI
  10. 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6688(199822)17:3<393::AID-PAM2>3.0.CO;2-B · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6688(199822)17:3<393::aid-pam2>3.0.co;2-b
  11. 10.3102/01623737015001051 · doi:10.3102/01623737015001051
  12. 10.3102/01623737017004462 · doi:10.3102/01623737017004462
  13. 10.1007/BF01112133 · doi:10.1007/bf01112133
  14. 10.1007/BF01108251 · doi:10.1007/bf01108251
  15. 10.1016/0272-7757(82)90038-3 · doi:10.1016/0272-7757(82)90038-3
  16. 10.1177/002246699703000403 · DOI · Paper page
  17. 10.1086/209813 · DOI · Paper page
  18. BroughmanSRollefsonMTeacher supply in the United States: Sources of newly hired teachers in public and private schools: 1987–88 to 1993–94Education Statistics Quarterly2000232832
  19. CarrollSReichardtRGuarinoCMMejiaAThe distribution of teachers among California's school districts and schools2000Santa Monica, CARANDassisted by(MR-1298.0-JIF)
  20. CarterMCarterCHow principals can attract teachers to the middle gradesSchools in the Middle2000982225
  21. 10.1177/002248718803900410 · doi:10.1177/002248718803900410
  22. 10.3102/00028312019001093 · DOI
  23. ClewellBVillegasAEvaluation of the DeWitt Wallace–Reader's Digest Fund's Pathways to Teaching Careers Program2001Washington, DCUrban Institute
  24. 10.1002/pam.20003 · DOI · Paper page
  25. Darling-HammondLSolving the dilemmas of teacher supply, demand, and standards: How can we ensure a competent, caring, and qualified teacher for every child?2002Washington, DCNational Commission on Teaching and America's Future
  26. Darling-HammondLKirbySHudsonLRedesigning teacher education: Opening the door for new recruits to science and mathematics teaching1989Santa Monica, CARAND(R-3661-FF/CSTP)
  27. 10.1080/01626620.2001.10463063 · doi:10.1080/01626620.2001.10463063
  28. 10.1177/089484538701400206 · doi:10.1177/089484538701400206
  29. DometriusNCSigelmanLThe cost of quality: Teacher testing and racial-ethnic representativeness in public educationSocial Science Quarterly19886917082
  30. 10.2307/2112489 · DOI
  31. 10.1016/0272-7757(94)90019-1 · DOI · Paper page
  32. 10.1016/0272-7757(94)00031-Z · DOI · Paper page
  33. EhrenbergRSmithRModern labor economics: Theory and public policy19976th edReading, MAAddison-Wesley
  34. 10.1002/tea.3660240108 · doi:10.1002/tea.3660240108
  35. FarkasSJohnsonJFolenoTA sense of calling: Who teaches and why2000New YorkPublic Agenda
  36. FergusonRLaddHLaddHFHow and why money matters: An analysis of Alabama schoolsHolding schools accountable: Performance-based reform in education1996Washington, DCBrookings Institution Press
  37. 10.1177/001979390205500407 · DOI
  38. 10.1086/209858 · DOI
  39. GitomerDLathamAZiomekRThe academic quality of prospective teachers: The impact of admissions and licensure testing1999Princeton, NJEducational Testing Service
  40. 10.3102/01623737022002129 · doi:10.3102/01623737022002129 · Paper page
  41. 10.1177/0022487194045005007 · DOI
  42. GrissmerDKirbySPatterns of attrition among Indiana teachers: 1965–19871992Santa Monica, CARAND(R-4076-LE)
  43. 10.1177/016146819709900114 · DOI · Paper page
  44. 10.2307/146262 · DOI · Paper page
  45. GuarinoCMSantibañezLDaleyGABrewerDA review of the research literature on teacher recruitment and retention2004Santa Monica, CARAND(TR-164-EDU)
  46. HaggstromGDarling-HammondLGrissmerDAssessing teacher supply and demand1988Santa Monica, CARAND(R-3633-ED/CSTP)
  47. 10.1080/00220671.1992.9941119 · DOI
  48. 10.2307/3559017 · DOI · Paper page
  49. 10.1016/0272-7757(95)90392-L · DOI · Paper page
  50. HenkeRChenXGeisSKnepperPProgress through the teacher pipeline: 1992–93 college graduates and elementary/secondary teaching as of 19972000Washington, DCNational Center for Education Statistics
  51. HenkeRZahnLCarrollCAttrition of new teachers among recent college graduates: Comparing occupational stability among 1992–1993 college graduates who taught and those who worked in other occupations2001Washington, DCNational Center for Education Statistics
  52. 10.1002/sce.3730730405 · doi:10.1002/sce.3730730405
  53. 10.1037/e384452004-001 · DOI · Paper page
  54. IngersollRAlsalamNTeacher professionalization and teacher commitment: A multilevel analysis1997Washington, DCNational Center for Education Statistics(NCES 97-069)
  55. 10.1177/0013161X88024002006 · DOI
  56. JohnsonSThe Project on the Next Generation of TeachersFinders and keepers: Helping new teachers survive and thrive in our schools2004San FranciscoJossey-Bass
  57. 10.3200/JEXE.72.3.195-220 · DOI · Paper page
  58. 10.2307/2295518 · DOI
  59. 10.3102/01623737021001047 · DOI
  60. 10.3102/01623737011003301 · doi:10.3102/01623737011003301
  61. 10.3102/01623737013003256 · doi:10.3102/01623737013003256
  62. 10.3102/01623737024001037 · DOI · Paper page
  63. LathamAGitomerDZiomekRWhat the tests tell us about new teachersEducational Leadership19995682326
  64. 10.3102/01623737026003217 · DOI
  65. 10.1162/003465300558894 · DOI · Paper page
  66. ManskiCFWiseDAAcademic ability, earnings, and the decision to become a teacher: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972Public sector payrolls1987ChicagoUniversity of Chicago Press
  67. 10.1080/00220973.1997.9943457 · DOI
  68. 10.2307/2112731 · DOI
  69. 10.1016/0272-7757(94)90003-5 · DOI · Paper page
  70. 10.1111/j.1465-7295.1996.tb01369.x · DOI
  71. 10.2307/1925013 · DOI
  72. 10.2307/1926983 · DOI · Paper page
  73. 10.2307/145729 · DOI · Paper page
  74. 10.3102/01623737011002093 · DOI
  75. 10.17763/haer.59.3.040r1583036775um · DOI · Paper page
  76. MurnaneRJSingerJDWillettJBKempleJJOlsenRJWho will teach? Policies that matter1991Cambridge, MAHarvard University Press
  77. 10.1177/0013124593026001005 · doi:10.1177/0013124593026001005
  78. 10.1177/0022487192043003006 · DOI · Paper page
  79. 10.1177/002248718503600407 · doi:10.1177/002248718503600407
  80. 10.1080/00220973.1992.9943846 · DOI
  81. 10.1016/j.econedurev.2004.01.005 · DOI · Paper page
  82. 10.1177/001979399104500103 · DOI
  83. 10.1016/0272-7757(90)90033-2 · doi:10.1016/0272-7757(90)90033-2
  84. 10.3102/00028312034002267 · DOI
  85. 10.1177/016146810210400804 · DOI · Paper page
  86. SchlechtyPCVanceVSDo academically able teachers leave education? The North Carolina casePhi Delta Kappan1981632106112
  87. SeyfarthJTBostWATeacher turnover and the quality of worklife in schools: An empirical studyJournal of Research and Development in Education198620116
  88. 10.1080/00220679709597525 · DOI · Paper page
  89. 10.1177/105678799500400404 · DOI
  90. 10.2307/2668106 · DOI
  91. 10.3102/01623737010003212 · DOI
  92. 10.3102/00028312041003681 · DOI · Paper page
  93. 10.2307/3069608 · DOI
  94. 10.1177/0013161X04268844 · DOI
  95. 10.1016/0272-7757(90)90005-P · DOI · Paper page
  96. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StatisticsThe condition of education, 19931993Washington, DCAuthor(NCES 93290)
  97. 10.1037/e492172006-019 · DOI
  98. 10.1177/0013124598031001004 · doi:10.1177/0013124598031001004
  99. 10.1016/S0742-051X(99)00040-2 · DOI · Paper page
  100. WhitenerSGruberKLynchHTingosKPeronaMFondelierSCharacteristics of stayers, movers, and leavers: Results from the Teacher Follow-up Survey: 1994–951997Washington, DCNational Center for Education Statistics(NCES 97-450)
  101. WiseAEDarling-HammondLBerryBBerlinerDCHallerEPraskacASchlechtyPCEffective teacher selection: From recruitment to retention1987Santa Monica, CARAND Corporation(R-3462-NIE/CSTP)

Cited by

See all 1,328

Metadata

Authors
Guarino, C. M., Santibañez, L., & Daley, G. A.
Venue
Review of Educational Research
Publisher
American Educational Research Association (AERA)
Published
2006-06
Volume
76
Issue
2
Pages
173-208
ISSN
  • 0034-6543 (ISSN-L)
  • 1935-1046
DOI
10.3102/00346543076002173
OpenAlex
W2120374493
Cited by
1,328
References
4
FWCI
144.08
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Teacher Recruitment and Retention: A Review of the Recent Empirical Literature. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3102/00346543076002173
The paper
Guarino, C. M., Santibañez, L., & Daley, G. A. (2006). Teacher Recruitment and Retention: A Review of the Recent Empirical Literature. Review of Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543076002173

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.