Social Media Use and Sleep Quality among Adults: The Role of Gender, Age and Social Media Checking Habit

Untitled work

(2013) · Cited by 44,563 · see citing works

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research

Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4 · Cited by 35,234 · see citing works

The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822 · Cited by 13,448 · see citing works

Applied Linear Statistical Models.

Lorenz, F. O., Neter, J., Wasserman, W., & Kutner, M. (1986) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2289108 · Cited by 5,566 · see citing works

Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out

Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.02.014 · Cited by 3,932 · see citing works

Meta-Analysis of Quantitative Sleep Parameters From Childhood to Old Age in Healthy Individuals: Developing Normative Sleep Values Across the Human Lifespan

Ohayon, M. M., Carskadon, M. A., Guilleminault, C., & Vitiello, M. V. (2004) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.7.1255 · Cited by 3,349 · see citing works

Reflections on Past Behavior: A Self‐Report Index of Habit Strength ¹

Verplanken, B., & Orbell, S. (2003) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01951.x · Cited by 2,030 · see citing works

Short form 36 (SF36) health survey questionnaire: normative data for adults of working age.

Jenkinson, C., Coulter, A., & Wright, L. (1993) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.306.6890.1437 · Cited by 1,714 · see citing works

Screen time and sleep among school-aged children and adolescents: a systematic literature review

Hale, L., & Guan, S. (2015) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2014.07.007 · Cited by 1,468 · see citing works

Electronic media use and sleep in school-aged children and adolescents: A review

Cain, N., & Gradisar, M. (2010) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.02.006 · Cited by 1,376 · see citing works

The Differential Susceptibility to Media Effects Model

Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2013) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/jcom.12024 · Cited by 1,340 · see citing works

#Sleepyteens: Social media use in adolescence is associated with poor sleep quality, anxiety, depression and low self‐esteem

Woods, H. C., & Scott, H. (2016) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.05.008 · Cited by 1,302 · see citing works

Habits make smartphone use more pervasive.

Oulasvirta, A., Rattenbury, T., Ma, L., & Raita, E. (2012) · Personal and Ubiquitous Computing · doi:10.1007/s00779-011-0412-2 · Cited by 1,190 · see citing works

Habits in everyday life: Thought, emotion, and action.

Wood, W., Quinn, J. M., & Kashy, D. A. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.6.1281 · Cited by 1,028 · see citing works

Towards parsimony in habit measurement: Testing the convergent and predictive validity of an automaticity subscale of the Self-Report Habit Index

Gardner, B., Abraham, C., Lally, P. J., & de Bruijn, G. (2012) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-102 · Cited by 857 · see citing works

Does posting Facebook status updates increase or decrease loneliness? An online social networking experiment

Deters, F. G., & Mehl, M. R. (2013) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550612469233 · Cited by 523 · see citing works

Exploring the Relationships Between Different Types of Facebook Use, Perceived Online Social Support, and Adolescents’ Depressed Mood

Frison, E., & Eggermont, S. (2016) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/0894439314567449 · Cited by 519 · see citing works

Exploring Sex and Gender Differences in Sleep Health: A Society for Women's Health Research Report

Mallampalli, M. P., & Carter, C. L. (2014) · Journal of Women's Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2014.4816 · Cited by 504 · see citing works

Bedtime mobile phone use and sleep in adults

Exelmans, L., & den Bulck, J. V. (2015) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.11.037 · Cited by 488 · see citing works

Who does what on Facebook? Age, sex, and relationship status as predictors of Facebook use

McAndrew, F. T., & Jeong, H. S. (2012) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.007 · Cited by 425 · see citing works

The Problem of Media Habits

LaRose, R. (2010) · Communication Theory · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2010.01360.x · Cited by 404 · see citing works

Permanently online – Permanently connected: Explorations into university students’ use of social media and mobile smart devices

Vorderer, P., Brew‐Sam, N., & Schneider, F. M. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.085 · Cited by 320 · see citing works

“Facebocrastination”? Predictors of using Facebook for procrastination and its effects on students’ well-being

Meier, A., Reinecke, L., & Meltzer, C. E. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.06.011 · Cited by 277 · see citing works

Fear of missing out and sleep: Cognitive behavioural factors in adolescents' nighttime social media use

Scott, H., & Woods, H. C. (2018) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.07.009 · Cited by 248 · see citing works

Social Media Use Before Bed and Sleep Disturbance Among Young Adults in the United States: A Nationally Representative Study

Levenson, J. C., Shensa, A., Sidani, J. E., Colditz, J. B., & Primack, B. A. (2017) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsx113 · Cited by 177 · see citing works

Digital media use in the 2 h before bedtime is associated with sleep variables in university students

Orzech, K. M., Grandner, M. A., Roane, B. M., & Carskadon, M. A. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.049 · Cited by 167 · see citing works

Impact of social isolation on behavioral health in elderly: Systematic review

Choi, H. (2015) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v5.i4.432 · Cited by 152 · see citing works

What’s keeping teenagers up? prebedtime behaviors and actigraphy-assessed sleep over school and vacation.

Harbard, E., Allen, N. B., Trinder, J., & Bei, B. (2016) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.12.011 · Cited by 140 · see citing works

Mediators of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia: A review of randomized controlled trials and secondary analysis studies

Schwartz, D. R., & Carney, C. E. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.06.006 · Cited by 137 · see citing works

Mindful Facebooking: The moderating role of mindfulness on the relationship between social media use intensity at work and burnout

Charoensukmongkol, P. (2015) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105315569096 · Cited by 123 · see citing works

“To sleep, perchance to tweet”: in-bed electronic social media use and its associations with insomnia, daytime sleepiness, mood, and sleep duration in adults

Bhat, S., Pinto-Zipp, G., Upadhyay, H., & Polos, P. G. (2018) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2017.12.004 · Cited by 114 · see citing works

Consciousness and Self‐Regulation in Mobile Communication

Bayer, J., Cin, S. D., Campbell, S. W., & Panek, E. T. (2016) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/hcre.12067 · Cited by 79 · see citing works

Electronic media use and insomnia complaints in German adolescents: gender differences in use patterns and sleep problems

Lange, K., Cohrs, S., Skarupke, C., Goerke, M., Szagun, B., & Schlack, R. (2015) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-015-1482-5 · Cited by 64 · see citing works

The Use of Media as a Sleep Aid in Adults

Exelmans, L., & den Bulck, J. V. (2014) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2014.963582 · Cited by 63 · see citing works

New Directions in the Link Between Technology Use and Sleep in Young People

Bartel, K., & Gradisar, M. (2017) · Sleep Disorders in Children · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28640-2_4 · Cited by 53 · see citing works

Mindful Instant Messaging: Mindfulness and Autonomous Motivation as Predictors of Well-Being in Smartphone Communication

Bauer, A. A., Loy, L. S., Masur, P. K., & Schneider, F. M. (2017) · Journal of Media Psychology · doi:10.1027/1864-1105/a000225 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Sleep Research: A Primer for Media Scholars

Exelmans, L., & den Bulck, J. V. (2018) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2017.1422100 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Social Media

O’Keeffe, G. S. (2016) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2016.06.009 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Just One More Episode: Predictors of Procrastination with Television and Implications for Sleep Quality

Exelmans, L., Meier, A., Reinecke, L., & den Bulck, J. V. (2019) · Mass Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/15205436.2019.1606246 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Sleepless Due to Social Media? Investigating Problematic Sleep Due to Social Media and Social Media Sleep Hygiene

Tandon, A., Kaur, P., Dhir, A., & Mäntymäki, M. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106487 · Cited by 209 · see citing works

Understanding Links Between Social Media Use, Sleep and Mental Health: Recent Progress and Current Challenges

Scott, H., & Woods, H. C. (2019) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-019-00148-9 · Cited by 105 · see citing works

Identifying drivers for bedtime social media use despite sleep costs: The adolescent perspective

Scott, H., Biello, S. M., & Woods, H. C. (2019) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2019.07.006 · Cited by 95 · see citing works

“Leave your smartphone out of bed”: quantitative analysis of smartphone use effect on sleep quality

Kheirinejad, S., Visuri, A., Ferreira, D., & Hosio, S. J. (2022) · Personal and Ubiquitous Computing · doi:10.1007/s00779-022-01694-w · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Social media platforms and sleep problems: a systematic literature review, synthesis and framework for future research

Kaur, P., Dhir, A., Alkhalifa, A. K., & Tandon, A. (2021) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-04-2020-0187 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Dance the Night Away: How Automatic TikTok Use Creates Pre-Sleep Cognitive Arousal and Daytime Fatigue

Wang, K., & Scherr, S. (2021) · Mobile Media & Communication · doi:10.1177/20501579211056116 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

Using Structural Equation Modeling to Examine Pathways between Physical Activity and Sleep Quality among Chinese TikTok Users

Zhang, X., Feng, S., Peng, R., & Li, H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19095142 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

A tale of two concepts: differential temporal predictions of habitual and compulsive social media use concerning connection overload and sleep quality

Koban, K., Stević, A., & Matthes, J. (2023) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1093/jcmc/zmac040 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Are smartphones detrimental to adolescent sleep? an electronic diary study of evening smartphone use and sleep.

Tkaczyk, M., Lacko, D., Elavsky, S., Tancoš, M., & Smahel, D. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.107946 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Problematic Social Media Use may be Ruining Our Sleep: A Meta-Analysis on the Relationship Between Problematic Social Media Use and Sleep Quality

Chen, Y., Li, S., Tian, Y., Li, D., & Yin, H. (2024) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-024-01407-9 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Identifying drivers for bedtime social media use despite sleep costs: the adolescent perspective

Scott, H., Biello, S., & Woods, H. (2018) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/2xb36 · Cited by 90 · see citing works

Re-considering the Role of Sleep Hygiene Behaviours in Sleep: Associations Between Sleep Hygiene, Perceptions and Sleep

McAlpine, T., Mullan, B. A., & Clarke, P. (2023) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-023-10212-y · Cited by 17 · see citing works

The Relationship Between Digital Activity and Bedtime, Sleep Duration, and Sleep Quality in Chinese Working Youth

Zhao, L., & Wu, L. (2022) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s348929 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Using structural equation modeling to explore the influences of physical activity, mental health, well-being, and loneliness on Douyin usage at bedtime

Luo, H., Zhang, X., Su, S., Zhang, M., Yin, M., Feng, S., Peng, R., & Li, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1306206 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

The impacts of physical activity on domain-specific short video usage behaviors among university students

Yang, Z., Li, H., Yin, M., Zhang, M., Li, Z., Huang, L. C., Zhang, X., & González, M. D. M. C. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-21879-1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

FROM INSOMNIA TO EXHAUSTION: REPERCUSSIONS OF PERVASIVE INTERNET USE ON SLEEP QUALITY AND SOCIAL MEDIA FATIGUE

Wei, L., Chang, C.-C., Sikakaew, P., Thamsatitsuk, K., Huang, X., Jaisook, N., Li, M., Zhao, F., Chen, X., Zhang, L., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Education Studies · doi:10.46827/ejes.v11i7.5456 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Does media use before bedtime affect the sleep of psychosomatic rehabilitation patients?

Faber, J., Steinbrecher-Hocke, I., Bommersbach, P., & Schlarb, A. A. (2020) · Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin · doi:10.1007/s11818-020-00282-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

How Do People with Late Bedtimes use Social Media?Preprint

Wang, S., Xu, Y., Tian, X., Song, Y., Luo, Y., & Zhu, M. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1133832/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Delaying Bedtime Bridges High Social Media Use and Poor Sleep Health in Adults: A Multilevel SEM AnalysisPreprint

Babakhani, D., Shojaei, A., zad, E. P., & Foroughi, A. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6680798/v1

Social Media Use, Sleep Quality, and Self-Rated Health Among First-Year Students at George Mason University Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic

Mainoo, A. O., Short, J. L., Speidel, E. A., Maciarz, J., Mejia, P. J., Price, E. L., Lokko, F. N. T., de Jonge, L., & Cheskin, L. J. (2026) · Public Health Reports · doi:10.1177/00333549261462497

Trading likes for sleepless nights: A lifespan investigation of social media and sleep

Perez, E., Donovan, E. K., Soto, P. F., Sabet, S. M., Ravyts, S. G., & Dzierzewski, J. M. (2021) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2021.03.004 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

The Relationship between Social Media Use and Sleep in Adults: The Role of Gender, Age and Habitual Checking Behavior

Exelmans, L., & Scott, H. (2018) · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Mechanisms Linking Social Media Use and Sleep in Emerging Adults in the United States

Kinsella, J. E., & Chin, B. N. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14090794 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Social Media Use On Lifestyle Among Young Adults Aged (18-25years): A Cross Sectional Study

Dimple, S., & Lakshmi, D. M. S. (2026) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.21818572

Effect of Social Media Usages Before Bedtime on Sleep Latency and Quality

Bayaskar, D. S. (2025) · International Journal for Novel Research in Economics Finance and Management · doi:10.5281/zenodo.17036533