Fear of missing out and sleep: Cognitive behavioural factors in adolescents' nighttime social media use
Open accessAbstract
INTRODUCTION: Social media use has been linked to poor adolescent sleep outcomes, but the mechanisms behind this association are not yet well understood. This study examines links between adolescents' social media habits, fear of missing out and sleep outcomes, using path analysis to evaluate a model of proposed underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Adolescents aged 12-18 years (N = 101) completed questionnaire measures. RESULTS: Nighttime social media use was associated with later bedtimes, increased pre-sleep cognitive arousal, longer sleep onset latency and shorter sleep duration. Path analysis supported a model whereby fear of missing out predicted shorter sleep duration via two distinct mechanisms: (1) at a behavioural level, by driving late night social media use, which delays bedtimes; (2) at a cognitive level, by increasing pre-sleep cognitive arousal, thus further delaying sleep onset. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to develop and evaluate intervention strategies should therefore consider not only social media behaviours but also underlying cognitive factors, such as fear of missing out.
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Electronic device use may cause more difficulties falling asleep by increasing cognitive and affective arousal at bedtime.
“Third, electronic device use may cause more difficulties falling asleep by increasing cognitive and affective arousal at bedtime, which may, in turn, lead to more difficulty falling asleep and poorer sleep quality [25].”
From A serial mediation model of social media addiction and college students' academic engagement: the role of sleep quality and fatigue (2023) · cites this paper as [25]
Bedtime social media use can delay sleep onset, and some adolescents report difficulties disengaging from social media to sleep.
“Bedtime social media use can delay sleep onset,14 with some adolescents reporting difficulties disengaging from social media to sleep.13”
From Social media use and adolescent sleep patterns: cross-sectional findings from the UK millennium cohort study (2019) · cites this paper as [14]
Social media use may impact on the quality of sleep via increased arousal, not simply through light exposure, but particularly via cognitive and social activity.
“Social media use may also impact on the quality of sleep via increased arousal, not simply through light exposure,18 but particularly via cognitive and social activity.12 14 19”
From Social media use and adolescent sleep patterns: cross-sectional findings from the UK millennium cohort study (2019) · cites this paper as [14]
Available research on social media use and sleep is often left questioning whether reported effects could be explained by other individual factors.
“Available research on social media use and sleep is often left questioning whether reported effects could be explained by other individual factors: for example, if more anxious, depressed or sedentary adolescents may tend to both use social media more and report poorer sleep.12 14”
From Social media use and adolescent sleep patterns: cross-sectional findings from the UK millennium cohort study (2019) · cites this paper as [14]
Sleep onset latency and presleep cognitive arousal are predicted by underlying concerns about potentially missing out, rather than social media behaviour itself.
“sleep onset latency and presleep cognitive arousal is predicted by underlying concerns about potentially missing out, rather than social media behaviour itself.14”
From Social media use and adolescent sleep patterns: cross-sectional findings from the UK millennium cohort study (2019) · cites this paper as [14]
More studies in the sleep literature over the last 5 years have examined not only the time participants spend using social media, but also their experiences of and motivations for these interactions.
“This has been one area of development in the sleep literature over the last 5 years, with more studies examining not only the time that participants spend using social media, but also their experiences of-and motivations for-these interactions [8,12,17,38].”
From Understanding Links Between Social Media Use, Sleep and Mental Health: Recent Progress and Current Challenges (2019) · cites this paper as [12]
Fear of missing out has been linked to shorter sleep duration via both a behavioural pathway (driving late night social media use, which delays bedtimes) and a cognitive pathway (increasing pre-sleep cognitive arousal, thus further delaying sleep onset).
“This underlying fear of missing out has been linked to shorter sleep duration via both a behavioural pathway (by driving late night social media use, which delays bedtimes) and a cognitive pathway (by increasing pre-sleep cognitive arousal, thus further delaying sleep onset) [12].”
From Understanding Links Between Social Media Use, Sleep and Mental Health: Recent Progress and Current Challenges (2019) · cites this paper as [12]
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- Authors
- Scott, H., & Woods, H. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Scott, Holly
- Venue
- Journal of Adolescence
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-07-20
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 61-65
- ISSN
- 0140-1971 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9254
- OpenAlex
- W2883926495
- Cited by
- 248
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 28.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- eprints.gla.ac.uk
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Adolescence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Keywords
- fear of missing out, sleep, adolescents, sleep latency, sleep duration, bedtime, sleep interventions
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Child, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep Deprivation, Time Factors, Social Media
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