Exploring the Relationships Between Different Types of Facebook Use, Perceived Online Social Support, and Adolescents’ Depressed Mood
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This study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the relationships between different types of Facebook use, perceived online social support, and boys’ and girls’ depressed mood. To address this aim, this study ( N = 910) developed a comprehensive model that (1) differs between specific types of Facebook use, (2) examines the mediating role of perceived online social support, and (3) takes adolescent users’ gender into account. Structural equation modeling showed that the harmful impact of Facebook use exclusively occurs among girls who passively use Facebook and among boys who actively use Facebook in a public setting. Girls, however, who actively use Facebook, either in a public setting or in a private setting and subsequently perceive online social support, benefit from actively using Facebook, as perceived online social support negatively predicted girls’ depressed mood. The discussion focuses on the explanation and understanding of these findings, key limitations, and directions for future research.
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Some studies have reported small negative associations between certain forms of social media engagement and well-being, including symptoms of anxiety, depression and lower self-esteem.
“Some studies have reported small negative associations between certain forms of social media engagement and well-being, including symptoms of anxiety, depression and lower self-esteem [11-13].”
From The Complex and Multifaceted Nature of Social Media: Perspectives From Young Adolescents, Parents and Experts (2026) · cites this paper as [11]
In “Testing Gender Differences” (page not available), passive Facebook use predicted higher depressed mood among girls (β = .18), and active public use predicted higher depressed mood among boys (β = .25). These support small adverse associations for specific forms of engagement, but the paper does not report corresponding findings for anxiety or lower self-esteem. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFrison and Eggermont (2016) found that both active and passive use of Facebook correlated with increased frequency of depressed mood in Belgian high school pupils.
“Frison and Eggermont (2016) found that both active and passive use of Facebook, in a sample of Belgian high school pupils, correlated with an increased frequency of depressed mood.”
From A systematic review: the influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents (2020) · cites this paper as Frison and Eggermont (2016)
The Method Sample section describes a survey of 910 high-school pupils, most born in Belgium. The Hypothesized Model section reports positive associations of passive use and active public use with depressed mood, but the Gender Differences and Active Facebook use sections qualify this: passive use positively predicted depressed mood among girls but not boys, while active private use negatively predicted it among girls. The claim overgeneralizes both types of use as correlating with increased depressed mood across the pupils. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPerceived social support and rumination were other mediating factors reported in the included studies.
“Perceived social support (Frison & Eggermont, 2016) and rumination (Wang et al., 2018) were other mediating factors reported in the studies.”
From A systematic review: the influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents (2020) · cites this paper as Frison & Eggermont, 2016
Frison and Eggermont (2016) found that girls who passively use Facebook and boys who actively use Facebook in a public setting were more likely to be affected by the negative impacts of Facebook.
“Frison and Eggermont (2016) found that girls who passively use Facebook and boys who actively use Facebook in a public setting were more likely to be a ff ected by the negative impacts of Facebook.”
From A systematic review: the influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents (2020) · cites this paper as Frison and Eggermont (2016)
Use of social media for the purpose of social comparison and feedback seeking, and passive rather than active use of social media, have been shown to be associated with higher subsequent depressive symptoms among adolescents.
“Furthermore, the use of social media for the purpose of social comparison and feedback seeking (Nesi & Prinstein, 2015), and passive, rather than active use of social media (Frison & Eggermont, 2016;Thorisdottir, Sigurvinsdottir, Asgeirsdottir, Allegrante, & Sigfusdottir, 2019) have been shown to be associated with higher subsequent depressive symptoms among adolescents.”
From The relationship between screen time and mental health in young people: A systematic review of longitudinal studies (2021) · cites this paper as Frison & Eggermont, 2016
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Frison, E., & Eggermont, S.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Frison, Eline
- Venue
- Social Science Computer Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2015-01-21
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 153-171
- ISSN
- 0894-4393 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8286
- OpenAlex
- W1964309626
- Semantic Scholar
- 116a0a3f4f56cb5bf4a9a941623f6529f804153f
- Cited by
- 519
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 66 · 2022: 95 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 63.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- lirias.kuleuven.be
- Locations
- Social Science Computer Review (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Technology in Education
- Keywords
- Facebook use, gender differences, social media use, mediation, adolescents
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