Selection of tropical lactic acid bacteria for enhancing the quality of maize silage
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The objective of this study was to select lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from silage and assess their effect on the quality of maize silage. The LAB strains were inoculated into aqueous extract obtained from maize to evaluate their production of metabolites and pH reduction. The ability to inhibit the pathogenic and silage-spoilage microorganisms' growth was evaluated. Nine LAB strains that showed the best results were assessed in polyvinyl chloride experimental silos. The inoculation of the LAB strains influenced the concentration of lactic and acetic acids and the diversity of Listeria. The inoculation of silages with Lactobacillus buchneri (UFLA SLM11 and UFLA SLM103 strains) resulted in silages with greater LAB populations and improvements after aerobic exposure. The UFLA SLM11 and SLM103 strains identified as L. buchneri showed to be promising in the treatment of maize silage.
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High levels of lactic acid bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus spp.) are a key cause of rapid pH decline.
“It has been widely reported that high levels of lactic acid bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus spp.) are a key cause of rapid pH decline [35,47].”
From Cellulase Interacts with Lactic Acid Bacteria to Affect Fermentation Quality, Microbial Community, and Ruminal Degradability in Mixed Silage of Soybean Residue and Corn Stover (2021) · cites this paper as [47]
The Discussion says LAB metabolism produces lactic acid and is primarily responsible for the observed pH decrease in maize silage. It does not establish that high LAB levels cause a rapid decline: it reports the largest LAB population in one inoculated silage, while noting smaller pH reductions with that strain. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCorn silage inoculated with one strain of Lb. plantarum originally isolated from sugarcane silage lacked Listeria spp., whereas untreated control and corn silages inoculated with other Lb. plantarum strains had Listeria spp. present.
“Santos et al. (2013) observed that corn silage inoculated with 1 strain of Lb. plantarum originally isolated from sugarcane silage lacked Listeria spp., whereas the untreated control and corn silages inoculated with other Lb.plantarum strains had Listeria spp.present.”
From Silage review: Recent advances and future uses of silage additives (2018) · cites this paper as Santos et al., 2013
The Maize Ensilage in Experimental Silos section reports Listeria spp. in control silage and silages inoculated with L. plantarum strains UFLA SLM41, SLM46, and SLM105. But the Discussion reports no Listeria in silages inoculated with two other L. plantarum strains, UFLA SLM08 and SLM45—not just one. The strain-selection section says the LAB strains originated from sugarcane silage. Page numbers were not supplied. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLentilactobacillus buchneri is presently the gold standard to promote aerobic stability in corn silage or Napier grass.
“Lentilactobacillus buchneri is presently the gold standard to promote aerobic stability in corn silage (Santos et al., 2013; Da Silva et al., 2014) or Napier grass (Guan et al., 2020).”
From Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Different Forages as Silage Inoculants for Improving Fermentation Quality and Aerobic Stability (2020) · cites this paper as Santos et al., 2013
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Silage review: Recent advances and future uses of silage additives
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“Research on inoculants for silage has increased in recent decades and has thereby contributed to increased knowledge (Saarisalo et al. 2007; Santos et al. 2013; Avila et al. 2014).”
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“Santos et al. (2013) tested LAB strains isolated from sugar cane silages (Saccharum spp.) in corn silages, and the results demonstrated differences between the tested strains in terms of the LAB, yeasts and filamentous fungi population, and aerobic stability of the silages.”
ResultSelf-citationCriteria for lactic acid bacteria screening to enhance silage quality
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“…use the carbohydrates present in a substrate can be carried out using a synthetic substrate (Zhao et al. 2020; Guan et al. 2020a), the substrate itself (Tanaka et al. 1994; Zhao et al. 2020) or an aqueous extract of this substrate (Saarissalo et al. 2007; Santos et al. 2013; Avila et al. 2014).”
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“Lentilactobacillus buchneri is presently the gold standard to promote aerobic stability in corn silage (Santos et al., 2013; Da Silva et al., 2014) or Napier grass (Guan et al.”
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“These values are within those normally observed for corn silage, being higher to that found by Li and Nishino (2011) and Reich and Kung (2010) and lower than the values observed by Santos et al. (2013).”
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“The genus Listeria sp. was found in Tifton 85 grass silage (Schocken-Iturrino et al. 2005) and corn silage (Santos et al. 2013); Paenibacillus sp. and Burkholderia sp. were found in Italian ryegrass silage (Li and Nishino 2011; Parvin et al. 2010) and Clostridium sp. was found in sugarcane silage…”
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Effects of Bacillus subtilis and its metabolites on corn silage quality
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“The DM losses of the evaluated corn silages were characteristically rather low (Santos et al. 2013) (Table 3).”
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“Corn is a highenergyvalue crop with good ensiling char acteristics due to its relatively high DM content at harvest, low buffering capacity, and adequate WSC content [4,5].”
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Chen, C., Xin, Y., Li, X., Ni, H., Zeng, T., Du, Z., Guan, H., Wu, Y., Yang, W., Cai, Y., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.1066753 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Studies reported that commercial inoculant LAB has no desirable effect in humid and hot areas, and strains isolated from local silage materials are effective in improving the silage quality (Santos et al., 2013; Pholsen et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMarbun, T. D., Lee, K., Song, J., Kwon, C. H., Yoon, D., Lee, S. M., Kang, J., Lee, C., Cho, S., & Kim, E. J. (2020) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app10217801 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“However, it was found that the utilization of additives was effective in reducing DM losses in only 35% of the studies [11].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBiochemical properties of lactic acid bacteria for efficient silage production: an update
Akhtar, M. F., Chai, W., Umar, M., & Changfa, W. (2025) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1581430 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“These bacteria protect forage materials from spoilage by producing beneficial organic acids and antifungal agents, such as bacteriocins (Santos et al., 2013).”
Rabêlo, C. H. S., Mari, L. J., & Reis, R. A. (2016) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/64472 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Li, P., Tang, H., Feng, T., Zhang, Y., Qu, H., Bai, S., & Shen, Y. (2017) · Grassland Science · doi:10.1111/grs.12174 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Li, P., Bai, S., You, M., & Shen, Y. (2016) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.312 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Recently, more and more attention has been given to L. buchneri (Santos et al. 2013).”
BackgroundKalúzová, M., Kačániová, M., Bíro, D., Šimko, M., Gálik, B., Rolinec, M., Hanušovský, O., Felšöciová, S., & Juráček, M. (2022) · Diversity · doi:10.3390/d14080592 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Zong, Y., Kai, Z. H. O. U., Duan, X., Han, B., Jiang, H., & He, C. (2023) · Animal Bioscience · doi:10.5713/ab.23.0117 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Lactobacillus increases the LA concentration while creating an acidic environment during silage fermentation [38].”
BackgroundMa, J., Dai, H., Liu, H., & Wenhua, D. (2022) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy12123113 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Use of fish waste to silage preparation and its application in animal nutrition
Raeesi, R., Shábanpour, B., & Pourashouri, P. (2023) · Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research · doi:10.51227/ojafr.2023.13 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Various sources used in the production of silage Silage can be produced from a variety of raw materials including maize (Hu et al., 2009; Santos et al., 2013; Moloney et al., 2013; Weiss et al., 2016), sugarcane (Ávila et al., 2014; Gandra et al., 2016), casein (Åsgård and Austreng, 1985), silkworm…”
Li, D., Xie, H., Zeng, F., Luo, X., Peng, L., Sun, X., Wang, X., & Yang, C. (2024) · Fermentation · doi:10.3390/fermentation10050242 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Wang, S., Hu, S., Dong, Z., Li, J., Zhao, J., Nazar, M., Kaka, N. A., & Shao, T. (2023) · Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture · doi:10.1186/s40538-023-00439-y · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Currently, the most widely planted tropical C4 forage for ensiling is MZ due to its desirable features for ensiling, such as optimal DM level, sufficient fermentable substrates, and low buffering capacity [11].”
BackgroundPRINCÍPIOS BÁSICOS PARA PRODUÇÃO DE SILAGEM
Macêdo, A. J. D. S., & Santos, E. M. (2019) · Arquivos de Ciências Veterinárias e Zoologia da UNIPAR · doi:10.25110/arqvet.v22i4.2019.6948 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Rufino, L. D. D. A., Pereira, O. G., Ribeiro, K. G., Leandro, E. D. S., Santos, S. A., Bernardes, T. F., de Paula, R. A., & Agarussi, M. C. N. (2022) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115340 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Rehydration of dry corn grain as an alternative for conservation purposes
Mombach, M. A., Pereira, D. H., Pina, D. D. S., Pereira, O. G., Bolson, D. C., Pedreira, B. C. E., & Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril, R. P. (2018) · Australian Journal of Crop Science · doi:10.21475/ajcs.18.12.09.pne1155 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Nevertheless, data from studies evaluating the use of this type of additive are quite controversial (Muck 2004; Gimenes et al., 2006; Zopollatto et al., 2009; Basso et al., 2012; Santos et al., 2013; Lara et al., 2016; Mohammadzadeh et al., 2016).”
BackgroundStorage of seaweed for biofuel production: Ensilage
Milledge, J. J., & Maneein, S. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817943-7.00005-6 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
dos Santos, A. C. P., Santos, E. M., de Carvalho, G. G. P., Pinto, L. F. B., Pina, D. D. S., Perazzo, A. F., de Oliveira, J. S., Mourão, G. B., Nascimento, T. V. C., & Cruz, G. F. D. L. (2021) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104603 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of Yogurt Acid Whey on the Quality of Maize Silage
Palamidi, I., Paraskeuas, V. V., Kotsampasi, B., Hadjigeorgiou, I., Politis, I., & Mountzouris, K. C. (2023) · Fermentation · doi:10.3390/fermentation9120994 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mitiku, A. A., Vandeweyer, D., Lievens, B., Bossaert, S., Crauwels, S., Aernouts, B., Kechero, Y., & Campenhout, L. V. (2021) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/jam.15183 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…process, its high biomass yield, its excellent nutritional value (DM content of 34%– 36%, crude protein content of 5%– 10%, crude fibre content of 21%– 37% and starch content of 18%– 37% of DM), and high intake and digestibility by ruminants (Gharechahi et al., 2017; Santos et al., 2013).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBarboza, N., Brenes‐Guillén, L., Uribe, L., & WingChing-Jones, R. (2023) · Revista de Biología Tropical · doi:10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.50692 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“plantarum was present at all stages of storage and dominated in silage at 30 and 45 days (Santos et al., 2013).”
Effect of Different Feed Additives on Ensiled Carrot Straw as an Animal Feed
Muwakhid, B., Kalsum, U., & wati, A. (2021) · Jurnal Peternakan Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science) · doi:10.25077/jpi.23.3.240-246.2021 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“process (Santos et al., 2013). Wati (2018) was stated that Lactic acid bacteria produce lactic acid so that it can increase the nutrition of dadih.”
BackgroundGohar, V., Srivastava, R., Mishra, D., Chauhan, N., Kumar, S., Behare, P. V., Gowane, G. R., & Tyagi, N. (2024) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-024-05491-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Similar correlation patterns were obtained when tropical LAB isolates were used to enhance the quality of maize silage [77].”
Zhang, M., Tan, Z., Wang, X., Cui, M., Wang, Y., & Jiao, Z. (2018) · Australian Journal of Agricultural Research · doi:10.1071/cp17250 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…inoculum dosage for ensiling is usually ~5–7 log colony forming units (CFU)/g forage fresh matter (FM) at ambient temperature (van Os et al. 1996; Santos et al. 2013; Journal compilation CSIRO 2018 www.publish.csiro.au/journals/cp Santos et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2017), and 5 log CFU/g FM at…”
BackgroundMicrobiological Quality of Maize Silage in Relation to Agricultural Practices: A Four-Year Study
Kukier, E., Bocian, Ł., & Pytka, M. (2026) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods15091518 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…recorded LAB counts at 6.5–7 log 10 cfu/g in Argentina, 6.8–8.7 log 10 cfu/g in Brazil, 5.6–6.1 log 10 cfu/g in Nigeria, 5.7 log 10 cfu/g in Japan, 5.8–8.6 log 10 cfu/g in Canada, 5.3–7.3 log 10 cfu/g in Lithuania, and 4.1–5.1 log 10 cfu/g in Slovakia [62,67,71,84,90,142,143,149,156,157].”
InfluentialRungchaiwattanakul, T., Chareonpornwattana, S., & Sirisomboon, C. D. (2022) · Agriculture and Natural Resources · doi:10.34044/j.anres.2022.56.4.02 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Wahyudi, A., Hendraningsih, L., Sutawi, S., & Siskawardani, D. D. (2022) · Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity · doi:10.13057/biodiv/d230710 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Mitiku, A. A., Vandeweyer, D., Adriaens, I., Kechero, Y., Campenhout, L. V., & Aernouts, B. (2023) · Agriculture · doi:10.3390/agriculture13112152 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Bai, R., Li, H., Chen, S., Yuan, X., Chen, Y., Huang, Y., Zhou, Q., & Guan, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1473238 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“In a study conducted by Santos et al. (2013), the optimal pH range for silage was identified as 3.”
BackgroundAdição de ácidos orgânicos na dieta de vacas leiteiras
Gheller, L. S. (2020) · doi:10.11606/d.10.2020.tde-28112019-101747
Ramirez, J. C. R., Olguin, J. L. L., Gutiérrez‐Leyva, R., Ulloa, J. A., Nunez, F. G., Rosas‐Ulloa, P., & Gurrola, A. G. (2022) · Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology · doi:10.5958/0974-181x.2022.00004.x
Aspectos Relacionados à Qualidade da Silagem de Sorgo
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- Authors
- Santos, A. O., Ávila, C. L. S., & Schwan, R. F.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal de Lavras (BR)
- Venue
- Journal of Dairy Science
- Publisher
- American Dairy Science Association
- Published
- 2013-12
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 7777-7789
- ISSN
- 0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2012280648
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 7.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
- Keywords
- lactic acid bacteria, corn silage, silage quality, Lactobacillus buchneri, silage inoculation, silage spoilage, lactic acid production, acetic acid, aerobic exposure, silage pH
- MeSH terms
- Aerobiosis, Animals, Zea mays, Fermentation, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Lactobacillus, Silage
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