Fatty infiltration of skeletal muscle: mechanisms and comparisons with bone marrow adiposity
Open accessAbstract
Skeletal muscle and bone share common embryological origins from mesodermal cell populations and also display common growth trajectories early in life. Moreover, muscle and bone are both mechanoresponsive tissues, and the mass and strength of both tissues decline with age. The decline in muscle and bone strength that occurs with aging is accompanied in both cases by an accumulation of adipose tissue. In bone, adipocyte (AC) accumulation occurs in the marrow cavities of long bones and is known to increase with estrogen deficiency, mechanical unloading, and exposure to glucocorticoids. The factors leading to accumulation of intra- and intermuscular fat (myosteatosis) are less well understood, but recent evidence indicates that increases in intramuscular fat are associated with disuse, altered leptin signaling, sex steroid deficiency, and glucocorticoid treatment, factors that are also implicated in bone marrow adipogenesis. Importantly, accumulation of ACs in skeletal muscle and accumulation of intramyocellular lipid are linked to loss of muscle strength, reduced insulin sensitivity, and increased mortality among the elderly. Resistance exercise and whole body vibration can prevent fatty infiltration in skeletal muscle and also improve muscle strength. Therapeutic strategies to prevent myosteatosis may improve muscle function and reduce fall risk in the elderly, potentially impacting the incidence of bone fracture.
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Many factors that stimulate bone marrow adipogenesis (disuse atrophy, estrogen deficiency, leptin deficiency, glucocorticoid treatment) also induce myosteatosis.
“Evidence suggests that many of the factors observed to stimulate bone marrow adipogenesis (disuse atrophy, estrogen deficiency, leptin deficiency, and glucocorticoid treatment) also induce myosteatosis (Hamrick et al., 2016; Veldhuis-Vlug and Rosen, 2018).”
From Myosteatosis in the Context of Skeletal Muscle Function Deficit: An Interdisciplinary Workshop at the National Institute on Aging (2020) · cites this paper as Hamrick et al., 2016
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Cai, Z., Liu, D., Yang, Y., Xie, W., He, M., Yu, D., Wu, Y., Wang, X., Xiao, W., & Li, Y. (2022) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-022-02706-5 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
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Role of Adipokines in Sarcopenia
Lu, W., Feng, W., Lai, J., Yuan, D., Xiao, W., & Li, Y. (2023) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000002255 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Hamrick, M. W., McGee-Lawrence, M. E., & Frechette, D. M.
- Affiliations
- Augusta University (US)
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hamrick, Mark W.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2016-06-20
- Volume
- 7
- Pages
- 69-69
- ISSN
- 1664-2392 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4913107
- OpenAlex
- W2434673825
- Cited by
- 372
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 15
- FWCI
- 2.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Endocrinology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (NIA AG036675)
- American Diabetes Association (1-16-JDF-062)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- myosteatosis, bone marrow adiposity, intramuscular fat, aging, muscle strength, glucocorticoids, disuse, leptin signaling, sex hormone deficiency, estrogen deficiency, mechanical unloading, resistance training, whole-body vibration, insulin sensitivity, fall risk, bone fractures
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