Cited by 611Pregnancy and preeclampsia studiesBirth, Development, and HealthNeonatal and fetal brain pathology

Neonatal Morbidities of Fetal Growth Restriction: Pathophysiology and Impact

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Malhotra, Atul, Allison, Beth J., Castillo-Melendez, Margie, Jenkin, Graham, Polglase, Graeme R., Miller, Suzanne L.·2019·Frontiers in Endocrinology

Abstract

Being born small lays the foundation for short-term and long-term implications for life. Intrauterine or fetal growth restriction describes the pregnancy complication of pathological reduced fetal growth, leading to significant perinatal mortality and morbidity, and subsequent long-term deficits. Placental insufficiency is the principal cause of FGR, which in turn underlies a chronic undersupply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. The neonatal morbidities associated with FGR depend on the timing of onset of placental dysfunction and growth restriction, its severity, and the gestation at birth of the infant. In this review, we explore the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of major neonatal morbidities in FGR, and their impact on the health of the infant. Fetal cardiovascular adaptation and altered organ development during gestation are principal contributors to postnatal consequences of FGR. Clinical presentation, diagnostic tools and management strategies of neonatal morbidities are presented. We also present information on the current status of targeted therapies. A better understanding of neonatal morbidities associated with FGR will enable early neonatal detection, monitoring and management of potential adverse outcomes in the newborn period and beyond.

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Crossref · 10.3389/fendo.2019.00055

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  • Intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight and reduced fetal viability, including stunted growth and cognitive development in children, have been observed in association with chronic disease in adulthood.

    “Intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight and reduced fetal viability, including stunted growth and cognitive development in children, have been observed in association with chronic disease in adulthood [176, 177].”

    From Current update on malaria in pregnancy: a systematic review (2025) · cites this paper as [176]

    The Perinatal Morbidities section links fetal growth restriction to stillbirth, the Neurological Morbidity section reports cognitive impairment in children, and the Cardiovascular Morbidity section links low birth weight and growth restriction to disease in adulthood. The Overview describes stunted fetal growth, but the passages do not establish stunted growth in children or link the childhood cognitive outcomes themselves to adult chronic disease. Our copy provides no page numbers for these sections. (LLM, conf=0.83)

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  • This can lead to fetal hypoxia, growth restriction and developmental problems.

    “This can lead to fetal hypoxia, growth restriction and developmental problems [176].”

    From Current update on malaria in pregnancy: a systematic review (2025) · cites this paper as [176]

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Authors
Malhotra, A., Allison, B. J., Castillo-Melendez, M., Jenkin, G., Polglase, G. R., & Miller, S. L.
Affiliations
Hudson Institute of Medical Research (AU)
Venue
Frontiers in Endocrinology
Published
2019-02-07
Volume
10
Pages
55-55
ISSN
1664-2392 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2913735792
Cited by
453
References
203
Citations by year
2026: 53 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 11
FWCI
7.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Monash University Research Portal (Monash University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • National Heart Foundation of Australia
  • State Government of Victoria
  • Cerebral Palsy Alliance
  • Medical Research Council
  • National Health and Medical Research Council
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
Keywords
fetal growth restriction, neonatal morbidity, placental insufficiency, fetal hypoxia, organogenesis, perinatal mortality, long-term outcomes, targeted therapy, neonatal diagnosis

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